The Experts below are selected from a list of 132 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenji Umemura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard i effects of pre drying treatment and citric acid content on the board properties
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Koichi Yoshioka, Hisashi Miyafuji, Kozo KanayamaAbstract:Abstract Recently, the investigation of wood-based composites produced using agricultural waste and Natural Adhesives has become very important due to the decreased wood resources and fossil resource reserves. In this study, sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid were used as the raw material and Natural Adhesive, respectively, for the experimental manufacture of particleboards. A pre-drying treatment of sprayed particles was performed to observe the effect of the pre-pressing moisture content of sprayed particles on the physical properties of the particleboards. In addition, the effect of the citric acid content on the physical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The boards were manufactured under the pressing conditions of 200 °C for 10 min. The citric acid content was varied in the range of 0–30 wt%. The board size and target density were 300 × 300 × 9 mm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. Particleboards manufactured using phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were used as references. The physical properties of boards prepared using pre-dried particles were superior to those of the boards prepared using non-dried particles. The physical properties of boards improved with increasing citric acid content up to 20 wt%. The physical properties of boards bonded with 20 wt% citric acid satisfied the requirement of the JIS A 5908 (2003) 18 type. In addition, the properties of these boards were comparable to those of boards bonded using PF resin and pMDI. Infrared (IR) spectral analysis suggested the presence of ester linkages, indicating that the carboxyl groups of citric acid had reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the sorghum bagasse to give the boards good physical properties. Consequently, it was concluded that pre-drying treatment of the particles and a citric acid content of 20 wt% were effective in manufacturing particleboards composed of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid.
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Investigation of a new Natural Adhesive composed of citric acid and sucrose for particleboard II: effects of board density and pressing temperature
Journal of Wood Science, 2015Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Osamu Sugihara, Shuichi KawaiAbstract:A Natural Adhesive composed of only citric acid and sucrose was recently proposed, and its detailed bonding performance has been researched in some wood-based materials. In this study, the effects of board density and press temperature on the physical properties of particleboard were investigated. As physical properties, the bending properties, internal bond strength and thickness swelling of the boards were evaluated. When the density was changed from 0.4 to 1.0 g/cm^3 under a press temperature of 200 °C and a press time of 10 min, the board with a density of 0.8 g/cm^3 had the best physical properties. When the board was manufactured at press temperatures ranging from 140 to 240 °C for a press time of 10 min and a target density of 0.8 g/cm^3, the board manufactured at 200 °C had the best physical properties. The physical properties of the board with a density of 0.8 g/cm^3 manufactured at 200 °C met the type 18 requirements of the Japanese industrial standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908). The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the ester linkages resulting from the reaction between citric acid and wood and/or sucrose were the main adhesion mechanism and resulted in particleboard with excellent physical properties.
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Investigation of a New Natural Particleboard Adhesive Composed of Tannin and Sucrose. 2. Effect of Pressing Temperature and Time on Board Properties, and Characterization of Adhesive
North Carolina State University, 2015Co-Authors: Zhongyuan Zhao, Kenji UmemuraAbstract:In a previous study by the authors, particleboard was manufactured using a new Natural Adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose. The optimal ratio between tannin and sucrose was 25/75, and the suitable resin content was 30 to 40 wt%. In this study, the effects of hot pressing temperature and hot pressing time on board properties were investigated. The optimal values for the hot pressing temperature and hot pressing time were found to be 220 °C and 10 min, respectively. When the particleboard was made under these optimum conditions, the physical properties of the particleboard bonded with tannin and sucrose met the requirement of the JIS A 5908 type 18 standard (2003). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), insoluble matter, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) tests were carried out. The results of TGA and DSC measurements showed that the weight loss and endothermic reaction of the Adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose at a ratio of 25/75 occurred at 204 and 215 °C, respectively. When the Adhesive was heated at 220 °C for longer than 10 min, the level of insoluble matter was higher than 70 wt%. FT-IR analysis showed the existence of a furan ring, a carbonyl group, and dimethylene ether bridges in the cured Adhesives before and after the boiling treatment. When the heating time was longer than 10 min, no further change of chemical structure was observed
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investigation of a new Natural particleboard Adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose
Journal of Wood Science, 2014Co-Authors: Zhongyuan Zhao, Kenji UmemuraAbstract:In the face of dwindling fossil fuel resources and the environmental imperative to reduce emissions associated with petrochemistry, there is strong demand for a wood composite bonding procedure using Natural alternatives. In this study, particleboards were manufactured with a new material Adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose, and hot-pressed at 200 °C for 10 min, to a target density of 0.8 g/cm3. We found optimal values for the mat moisture content, the ratio of tannin to sucrose and the resin content of 3–6 wt%, 25/75 and 30–40 wt%, respectively. When the particleboards were manufactured under these optimum conditions, the modulus of rupture and the modulus of elasticity were in the range of 19.6–21.2 MPa and 4.6–5.0 GPa, respectively. The internal bond strength was in the range of 1.1–1.3 MPa. Based on these results, the mechanical properties of particleboard bonded with tannin and sucrose were higher than the requirements of the JIS A 5908 type 18 standard (2003). In the thickness swelling test (TS), the value was in the range of 20–23 %; as the ratio of sucrose and resin content increased, the TS value decreased. The reaction mechanism between tannin and sucrose was studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the dimethylene ether bridges were observed. Consequently, it is possible that a tannin and sucrose mixture can be used as a Natural Adhesive for particleboard.
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investigation of a new Natural Adhesive composed of citric acid and sucrose for particleboard
Journal of Wood Science, 2013Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Osamu Sugihara, Shuichi KawaiAbstract:The development of a Natural Adhesive composed of materials derived from non-fossil resources is a very important issue. In this study, only citric acid and sucrose were used as Adhesive materials for particleboard. A water solution in which citric acid and sucrose were dissolved was used as an Adhesive, and the manufacture of particleboard with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3 was attempted under a press condition of 200 °C for 10 min. The optimum mixture ratio of citric acid and sucrose and the optimum resin content was 25–75 and 30 wt%, respectively. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity in bending were 20.6 MPa and 4.6 GPa, respectively. The internal bond strength (IB) was 1.6 MPa, indicating that the Adhesive had excellent bond strength. The thickness swelling (TS) after water immersion for 24 h at 20 °C was 11.9 %. The board did not decompose even under more severe accelerated treatments. This meant that the adhesion had good water resistance. The MOR, IB and TS of the board were comparable to or higher than the requirement of the 18 type of JIS A 5908 (2003). Consequently, there is a possibility that a mixture of citric acid and sucrose can be used as a Natural Adhesive for particleboard.
Sukma Surya Kusumah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard i effects of pre drying treatment and citric acid content on the board properties
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Koichi Yoshioka, Hisashi Miyafuji, Kozo KanayamaAbstract:Abstract Recently, the investigation of wood-based composites produced using agricultural waste and Natural Adhesives has become very important due to the decreased wood resources and fossil resource reserves. In this study, sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid were used as the raw material and Natural Adhesive, respectively, for the experimental manufacture of particleboards. A pre-drying treatment of sprayed particles was performed to observe the effect of the pre-pressing moisture content of sprayed particles on the physical properties of the particleboards. In addition, the effect of the citric acid content on the physical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The boards were manufactured under the pressing conditions of 200 °C for 10 min. The citric acid content was varied in the range of 0–30 wt%. The board size and target density were 300 × 300 × 9 mm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. Particleboards manufactured using phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were used as references. The physical properties of boards prepared using pre-dried particles were superior to those of the boards prepared using non-dried particles. The physical properties of boards improved with increasing citric acid content up to 20 wt%. The physical properties of boards bonded with 20 wt% citric acid satisfied the requirement of the JIS A 5908 (2003) 18 type. In addition, the properties of these boards were comparable to those of boards bonded using PF resin and pMDI. Infrared (IR) spectral analysis suggested the presence of ester linkages, indicating that the carboxyl groups of citric acid had reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the sorghum bagasse to give the boards good physical properties. Consequently, it was concluded that pre-drying treatment of the particles and a citric acid content of 20 wt% were effective in manufacturing particleboards composed of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid.
Kozo Kanayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard i effects of pre drying treatment and citric acid content on the board properties
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Koichi Yoshioka, Hisashi Miyafuji, Kozo KanayamaAbstract:Abstract Recently, the investigation of wood-based composites produced using agricultural waste and Natural Adhesives has become very important due to the decreased wood resources and fossil resource reserves. In this study, sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid were used as the raw material and Natural Adhesive, respectively, for the experimental manufacture of particleboards. A pre-drying treatment of sprayed particles was performed to observe the effect of the pre-pressing moisture content of sprayed particles on the physical properties of the particleboards. In addition, the effect of the citric acid content on the physical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The boards were manufactured under the pressing conditions of 200 °C for 10 min. The citric acid content was varied in the range of 0–30 wt%. The board size and target density were 300 × 300 × 9 mm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. Particleboards manufactured using phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were used as references. The physical properties of boards prepared using pre-dried particles were superior to those of the boards prepared using non-dried particles. The physical properties of boards improved with increasing citric acid content up to 20 wt%. The physical properties of boards bonded with 20 wt% citric acid satisfied the requirement of the JIS A 5908 (2003) 18 type. In addition, the properties of these boards were comparable to those of boards bonded using PF resin and pMDI. Infrared (IR) spectral analysis suggested the presence of ester linkages, indicating that the carboxyl groups of citric acid had reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the sorghum bagasse to give the boards good physical properties. Consequently, it was concluded that pre-drying treatment of the particles and a citric acid content of 20 wt% were effective in manufacturing particleboards composed of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid.
Shuichi Kawai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigation of a new Natural Adhesive composed of citric acid and sucrose for particleboard II: effects of board density and pressing temperature
Journal of Wood Science, 2015Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Osamu Sugihara, Shuichi KawaiAbstract:A Natural Adhesive composed of only citric acid and sucrose was recently proposed, and its detailed bonding performance has been researched in some wood-based materials. In this study, the effects of board density and press temperature on the physical properties of particleboard were investigated. As physical properties, the bending properties, internal bond strength and thickness swelling of the boards were evaluated. When the density was changed from 0.4 to 1.0 g/cm^3 under a press temperature of 200 °C and a press time of 10 min, the board with a density of 0.8 g/cm^3 had the best physical properties. When the board was manufactured at press temperatures ranging from 140 to 240 °C for a press time of 10 min and a target density of 0.8 g/cm^3, the board manufactured at 200 °C had the best physical properties. The physical properties of the board with a density of 0.8 g/cm^3 manufactured at 200 °C met the type 18 requirements of the Japanese industrial standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908). The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the ester linkages resulting from the reaction between citric acid and wood and/or sucrose were the main adhesion mechanism and resulted in particleboard with excellent physical properties.
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investigation of a new Natural Adhesive composed of citric acid and sucrose for particleboard
Journal of Wood Science, 2013Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Osamu Sugihara, Shuichi KawaiAbstract:The development of a Natural Adhesive composed of materials derived from non-fossil resources is a very important issue. In this study, only citric acid and sucrose were used as Adhesive materials for particleboard. A water solution in which citric acid and sucrose were dissolved was used as an Adhesive, and the manufacture of particleboard with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3 was attempted under a press condition of 200 °C for 10 min. The optimum mixture ratio of citric acid and sucrose and the optimum resin content was 25–75 and 30 wt%, respectively. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity in bending were 20.6 MPa and 4.6 GPa, respectively. The internal bond strength (IB) was 1.6 MPa, indicating that the Adhesive had excellent bond strength. The thickness swelling (TS) after water immersion for 24 h at 20 °C was 11.9 %. The board did not decompose even under more severe accelerated treatments. This meant that the adhesion had good water resistance. The MOR, IB and TS of the board were comparable to or higher than the requirement of the 18 type of JIS A 5908 (2003). Consequently, there is a possibility that a mixture of citric acid and sucrose can be used as a Natural Adhesive for particleboard.
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application of citric acid as Natural Adhesive for wood
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Kenji Umemura, Tomohide Ueda, Sasa Sofyan Munawar, Shuichi KawaiAbstract:The development of Natural Adhesives derived from nonfossil resources is very important for the future. Besides, it is desirable to be safe Adhesives without using harmful chemical substances. In this study, application of citric acid as a Natural Adhesive was investigated. Citric acid powder and bark powder obtained from Acacia mangium were used as raw materials. Citric acid powder was mixed with the bark powder, and the resulting powder mixture was poured into a metal mold. The mold was hot-pressed at 180°C and 4 MPa for 10 min, and a bark molding was then obtained. The specific modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values of the molding containing 20 wt % citric acid were 18.1 MPa and 4.9 GPa, respectively. The molding did not decompose during a repeated boiling treatment. To clarify the effect of tannin on the Adhesiveness of molding, bark was separated into tannin and residue. The molding was not obtained while using the tannin due to the marked fluidity, whereas it was obtained while using the residue, the same as while using the bark. It was considered that components other than tannin contributed to the Adhesiveness. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectra, the formation of ester linkages between carboxyl groups derived from citric acid and hydroxyl groups in the bark was confirmed. Accordingly, citric acid brought an adhesion by chemical bonding, and it could be used as a safe Natural Adhesive. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Sreekala G Bajwa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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corn distiller s dried grains with solubles ddgs a value added functional material for wood composites
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Joshua Liaw, Dilpreet S Bajwa, Jamileh Shojaeiarani, Sreekala G BajwaAbstract:Abstract Corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is widely marketed as a livestock feed due to its high protein content of 34%, fat content of 10%, and low cost of 8–13 cents per kilogram. In recent years, DDGS has been used as a multifunctional filler in synthetic resin bonded wood particleboards to improve their physical and mechanical properties where the Adhesive properties of DDGS is derived from its hydrophobic zein proteins. The objective of this research was to evaluate if the high value proteins derived from sodium hydroxide and acetic acid treated DDGS can be functionalized as a Natural binder in wood particleboard manufacturing by eliminating the use of harmful formaldehyde resins. Several formulations of particleboard were hot pressed using various concentrations of acid and alkali treatments, DDGS filler contents of 10, 25 and 50 wt.%, and DDGS particle sizes of 120 and 250 μm. ASTM D1037-12 standard was adapted to evaluate the particleboard properties. Superior flexural strengths of particleboards occurred at press temperature of 190°C. The acetic acid treated particleboards at higher DDGS concentrations exhibited better water resistance properties. Test results showed that the mean internal bond strengths exceeded the minimum requirement of ANSI A208.1–2009. FTIR results showed that the decoupling of proteins was achieved by acid or alkali treatment. These positive outcomes suggest that DDGS has strong potential to act as a Natural Adhesive for manufacturing medium-density particleboards.