The Experts below are selected from a list of 5457 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sylvester Elikana Anami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sweet Sorghum ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Yumiao Zhang, Limin Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, Sweet Sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make Sweet Sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of Sweet Sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage Sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize Sweet Sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of Sweet Sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting Sweet Sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of Sweet Sorghum breeding, we consider the development of ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of Sweet Sorghum for biofuel production.
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Sweet Sorghum ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Yumiao Zhang, Limin Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing Sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future Sweet Sorghum ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the Sweet Sorghum biomass productions.
Haichun Jing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sweet Sorghum ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Yumiao Zhang, Limin Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, Sweet Sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make Sweet Sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of Sweet Sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage Sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize Sweet Sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of Sweet Sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting Sweet Sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of Sweet Sorghum breeding, we consider the development of ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of Sweet Sorghum for biofuel production.
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Sweet Sorghum ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Yumiao Zhang, Limin Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing Sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future Sweet Sorghum ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the Sweet Sorghum biomass productions.
Karen R Harrisshultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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electrochemical evaluation of Sweet Sorghum fermentable sugar bioenergy feedstock
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Minori Uchimiya, Joseph E Knoll, Karen R HarrisshultzAbstract:Although Sweet Sorghum is a promising feedstock for bioenergy and biobased products, Sweet Sorghum-based biorefineries in the U.S. are still in the planning or pilot-scale stages. Accurate, rapid, and inexpensive metrology is known to streamline (bio)refining operations and drive the return on investment. In this study, new cyclic voltammetry (CV)-based methods were developed to rapidly classify Sweet Sorghum fermentable sugar feedstocks for electroactive functionalities. In addition to providing industrial QA/QC protocols, developed methods could be used to screen for the pest-resistant cultivars containing redox-active antifeedants (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, and aconitic acid), enabling germplasm development for a sustainable feedstock supply chain. Developed CV methods were tested on five male (Atlas, Chinese, Dale, Isidomba, and N98) and three female (N109B, N110B, and N111B) inbred lines and their hybrids (23 cultivars total) planted in April, May, and June of 2015 in Georgia, and harvested at the...
A. V. Umakanth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of ethanol fermentation efficiency of Sweet Sorghum syrups produced by integrated dual-membrane system
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Yerra Kanakaraju, Gandham Vani, Palety Kiran Kumari, S. Sridhar, A. V. UmakanthAbstract:1G ethanol from Sweet Sorghum can be a better alternative to various other sources used for its production. The commercial feasibility is dictated by the high sugar containing varieties, their transport to ethanol plants, storage and availability of robust yeast strains for the fermentation. Eight Sweet Sorghum cultivars namely CSV19SS, CSV24SS, CSV27, CSV32F, PV, SSV84, RVICSH, SPV1871, SSV74 were tested for their sugar content and varieties—SSV84 and CSV24SS were containing sugar content of 170–190 g/L. Specifically designed polyethersulfone-based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and hydrophilised polyamide (HPA-150) also termed as nanofiltration (NF) membrane were synthesized by interfacial polymerization technique and were used for the concentration of Sweet Sorghum juice. The syrup retained on an average 90% sugars at 4 °C, 100% at − 20 °C for 6 months and 10% at room temperature for 36 h. The overall product yield of ethanol ranged between 0.48 and 0.49 g/g in batch fermentation in a 14 L reactor.
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Sweet Sorghum as biofuel feedstock: recent advances and available resources
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2017Co-Authors: Supriya Mathur, A. V. Umakanth, Vilas A Tonapi, Rita Sharma, Manoj K SharmaAbstract:Sweet Sorghum is a promising target for biofuel production. It is a C4 crop with low input requirements and accumulates high levels of sugars in its stalks. However, large-scale planting on marginal lands would require improved varieties with optimized biofuel-related traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering this, many studies have been carried out to generate genetic and genomic resources for Sweet Sorghum. In this review, we discuss various attributes of Sweet Sorghum that make it an ideal candidate for biofuel feedstock, and provide an overview of genetic diversity, tools, and resources available for engineering and/or marker-assisting breeding of Sweet Sorghum. Finally, the progress made so far, in identification of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) important for agronomic traits and ongoing molecular breeding efforts to generate improved varieties, has been discussed.
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Sweet Sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi arid tropical environment
Agronomy Journal, 2013Co-Authors: J V Patil, A. V. Umakanth, B V S Reddy, P V V Prasad, D C S Reddy, J S Mishra, Ashok A KumarAbstract:Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has potential as a bioenergy crop for producing food, fiber, and fermentable sugar. Unlike dryland grain Sorghum, little information is available on the influence of staggered planting and genotypes, especially in semiarid tropical environments. The objectives of the present study were (i) to quantify the effects of planting time and genotype on stalk and biomass yields, juice sugar quality, and (ii) to identify the most productive genotypes and planting windows for sustainable feedstock supply. Four commercial Sweet Sorghum genotypes (SSV84, SSV74, CSV19SS, and CSH22SS) were planted on five planting dates (1 June, 16 June, 1 July, 16 July, and 1 August) during the rainy (June–October) season of 2008 and 2009 in Hyderabad (17°27´ N, 78°28´ E), India. Planting in early and mid-June produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher fresh stalk yield and grain yield than later planting dates. Commercial hybrid CSH22SS produced significantly more stalk, grain, sugar, and ethanol yield over genotypes SSV84 or SSV74. Based on the stalk yield, juice sugar quality, sugar, and ethanol yields, the optimum planting dates for Sweet Sorghum in semiarid tropical climate is early June to early July. Planting Sweet Sorghum during this time allows more feedstock to be harvested and hence extends the period for sugar mill operation by about 1 mo, that is, from the first to the last week of October.
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Sweet Sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi arid tropical environment
Agronomy Journal, 2013Co-Authors: S S Rao, A. V. Umakanth, J V Patil, Belum V S Reddy, P V V Prasad, D C S Reddy, J S Mishra, Arvind KumarAbstract:Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has potential as a bioenergy crop for producing food, fiber, and fermentable sugar. Unlike dryland grain Sorghum, little information is available on the influence of staggered planting and genotypes, especially in semiarid tropical environments. The objectives of the present study were (i) to quantify the effects of planting time and genotype on stalk and biomass yields, juice sugar quality, and (ii) to identify the most productive genotypes and planting windows for sustainable feedstock supply. Four commercial Sweet Sorghum genotypes (SSV84, SSV74, CSV19SS, and CSH22SS) were planted on five planting dates (1 June, 16 June, 1 July, 16 July, and 1 August) during the rainy (June–October) season of 2008 and 2009 in Hyderabad (17°27´ N, 78°28´ E), India. Planting in early and mid-June produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher fresh stalk yield and grain yield than later planting dates. Commercial hybrid CSH22SS produced significantly more stalk, grain, sugar, and ethanol yield over genotypes SSV84 or SSV74. Based on the stalk yield, juice sugar quality, sugar, and ethanol yields, the optimum planting dates for Sweet Sorghum in semiarid tropical climate is early June to early July. Planting Sweet Sorghum during this time allows more feedstock to be harvested and hence extends the period for sugar mill operation by about 1 mo, that is, from the first to the last week of October.
Minori Uchimiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prediction of Carboxylic and Polyphenolic Chemical Feedstock Quantities in Sweet Sorghum
2018Co-Authors: Minori Uchimiya, Joseph E KnollAbstract:Quantitative chemical phenotyping is in an increasing demand to develop Sweet Sorghum genotypes targeted to accumulate carboxylate and polyphenolic secondary products as the plant-derived feedstocks for renewable biobased products including plastics. Of 24 Sweet Sorghum genotypes investigated, No. 5 Gambela (i) accumulated as much as sixfold higher (p < 0.05) trans-aconitic acid and redox-active secondary product concentrations and (ii) was most susceptible to lodging and was latest flowering. Partial least-squares calibration and prediction models were developed based on UV/visible spectra of juice and bagasse. Two-year field experiment indicated the accumulation of secondary products (carboxylates, polyphenolic chromophores, and alkali/alkaline earth metals) at the expense of fermentable sugar production. Liquid- (juice and methanol extract of bagasse) and solid-phase (bagasse without extraction) fluorescence excitation emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis indicated the replacement of aromatic fingerprints by aliphatic structures from 2015 to 2016 in bagasse. In contrast, aromatic fluorophores accumulated in juice from 2015 to 2016, along with an increased UV/visible absorbance at 320 nm. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed an interplay of the environmental (planting year) and genotype factors on the growth and chemical traits that could provide chemical speciation-based, bottom-up QA/QC protocols for biorefineries and chemical plants receiving the Sweet Sorghum bioenergy feedstock
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electrochemical evaluation of Sweet Sorghum fermentable sugar bioenergy feedstock
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Minori Uchimiya, Joseph E Knoll, Karen R HarrisshultzAbstract:Although Sweet Sorghum is a promising feedstock for bioenergy and biobased products, Sweet Sorghum-based biorefineries in the U.S. are still in the planning or pilot-scale stages. Accurate, rapid, and inexpensive metrology is known to streamline (bio)refining operations and drive the return on investment. In this study, new cyclic voltammetry (CV)-based methods were developed to rapidly classify Sweet Sorghum fermentable sugar feedstocks for electroactive functionalities. In addition to providing industrial QA/QC protocols, developed methods could be used to screen for the pest-resistant cultivars containing redox-active antifeedants (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, and aconitic acid), enabling germplasm development for a sustainable feedstock supply chain. Developed CV methods were tested on five male (Atlas, Chinese, Dale, Isidomba, and N98) and three female (N109B, N110B, and N111B) inbred lines and their hybrids (23 cultivars total) planted in April, May, and June of 2015 in Georgia, and harvested at the...
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Electrochemical Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Fermentable Sugar Bioenergy Feedstock
2017Co-Authors: Minori Uchimiya, Joseph E Knoll, Karen R. Harris-shultzAbstract:Although Sweet Sorghum is a promising feedstock for bioenergy and biobased products, Sweet Sorghum-based biorefineries in the U.S. are still in the planning or pilot-scale stages. Accurate, rapid, and inexpensive metrology is known to streamline (bio)refining operations and drive the return on investment. In this study, new cyclic voltammetry (CV)-based methods were developed to rapidly classify Sweet Sorghum fermentable sugar feedstocks for electroactive functionalities. In addition to providing industrial QA/QC protocols, developed methods could be used to screen for the pest-resistant cultivars containing redox-active antifeedants (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, and aconitic acid), enabling germplasm development for a sustainable feedstock supply chain. Developed CV methods were tested on five male (Atlas, Chinese, Dale, Isidomba, and N98) and three female (N109B, N110B, and N111B) inbred lines and their hybrids (23 cultivars total) planted in April, May, and June of 2015 in Georgia, and harvested at the hard-dough stage. The peak anodic potential (Epa in volts) of derivative CV (pH 5, 0.1 M KCl) overlapped with quercetin and tannic acid model reductants. Fluorescent porphyrin/chlorophyll-like condensed and recalcitrant aromatic structure is likely to be the primary electron-enriched (highest CV peak areas) secondary product, and showed significant (p < 0.05) cultivar and planting date dependencies
