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Thomas A. Adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combining petroleum coke and Natural Gas for efficient liquid fuels production
Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Ikenna J. Okeke, Thomas A. AdamsAbstract:Abstract This work explores the technical feasibility and economic profitability of converting petroleum coke (petcoke) and Natural Gas to liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Different petcoke conversion strategies were examined to determine the conversion pathway which can be competitive with current market prices with little or no adverse environmental impacts. Three main design approaches were considered: petcoke Gasification only, combined petcoke Gasification and Natural Gas Reforming through traditional processing steps, and combined petcoke Gasification and Natural Gas Reforming by directly integrating the Gasifier's radiant cooler with the Gas reformer. The designs investigated included scenarios with and without carbon capture and sequestration, and with and without CO2 emission tax penalties. The performance metrics considered included net present value, life cycle greenhouse Gas emissions, and the cost of CO2 avoided. The design configuration that integrated Natural Gas Reforming with the Gasification step directly showed to be the more promising design for the wide range of analyses performed. The Aspen Plus simulation files have been made freely available to the public.
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A new power, methanol, and DME polygeneration process using integrated chemical looping systems
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Thomas A. AdamsAbstract:In this work, a novel polygeneration process has been proposed which combines coal Gasification and Natural Gas Reforming with either one or two chemical looping systems to produce electricity, methanol, and dimethyl ether (DME). Optionally, a modular helium reactor (MHR) is used to provide the heat required for the Natural Gas Reforming step, which minimizes the amount of fossil fuels used for heating purposes. The process is fully integrated such that essentially 100% of all CO2 produced by the process can be captured and sequestered. Techno-economic analysis of different design strategies are presented, considering three options for coal Gasification, incorporation of various ratios of Natural Gas input, utilization of carbonless energy from MHR, power generation using chemical looping combustion and also CO2 sequestration based on liquefaction or hydration technologies. Moreover, the impact of varying the proportions of products on the thermal efficiency and profitability of the plant is investigated.
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combining coal Gasification Natural Gas Reforming and external carbonless heat for efficient production of Gasoline and diesel with co2 capture and sequestration
Energy Conversion and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Thomas A. AdamsAbstract:Abstract In this paper, several novel polygeneration systems are presented which convert Natural Gas, coal, and a carbonless heat source such as high-temperature helium to Gasoline and diesel. The carbonless heat source drives a Natural Gas Reforming reaction to produce hydrogen rich synGas, which is mixed with coal-derived synGas to produce a synGas blend ideal for the Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Simulations and techno-economic analyses performed for 16 different process configurations under a variety of market conditions indicate significant economic and environmental benefits. Using a combination of coal, Gas, and carbonless heat, it is possible to reduce CO 2 emissions (both direct and indirect) by 79% compared to a traditional coal-to-liquids process, and even achieve nearly zero CO 2 emissions when carbon capture and sequestration technology is employed. Using a carbonless heat source, the direct fossil fuel consumption can be reduced up to 22% and achieve a carbon efficiency up to 72%. Market considerations for this analysis include prices of coal, Gas, high-temperature helium, Gasoline, and CO 2 emission tax rates. The results indicate that coal-only systems are never the most economical choice, unless Natural Gas is more than 5 $/MMBtu.
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combining coal Gasification Natural Gas Reforming and solid oxide fuel cells for efficient polygeneration with co2 capture and sequestration
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A. Adams, Paul I BartonAbstract:Several polygeneration process systems are presented which convert Natural Gas and coal to Gasoline, diesel, methanol, and electricity. By using solid oxide fuel cells as the primary electricity generator, the presented systems improve upon a recently introduced concept by which Natural Gas is reformed inside the radiant cooler of a Gasifier. Simulations and techno-economic analyses performed for a wide range of process configurations and market conditions show that this strategy results in significant efficiency and profitability improvements when CO2 capture and sequestration are employed. Market considerations for this analysis include variations in purchase prices of the coal and Natural Gas, sale prices of the products, and CO2 emission tax rates.
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combining coal Gasification and Natural Gas Reforming for efficient polygeneration
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A. Adams, Paul I BartonAbstract:Abstract A techno-economic analysis of several process systems to convert coal and Natural Gas to electricity, methanol, diesel, and Gasoline is presented. For these polygeneration systems, a wide range of product portfolios and market conditions are considered, including the implementation of a CO 2 emissions tax policy and optional carbon capture and sequestration technology. A new strategy is proposed in which Natural Gas Reforming is used to cool the Gasifier, rather than steam generation. Simulations along with economic analyses show that this strategy provides increased energy efficiency and can be the optimal design choice in many market scenarios.
Paul I Barton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combining coal Gasification Natural Gas Reforming and solid oxide fuel cells for efficient polygeneration with co2 capture and sequestration
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A. Adams, Paul I BartonAbstract:Several polygeneration process systems are presented which convert Natural Gas and coal to Gasoline, diesel, methanol, and electricity. By using solid oxide fuel cells as the primary electricity generator, the presented systems improve upon a recently introduced concept by which Natural Gas is reformed inside the radiant cooler of a Gasifier. Simulations and techno-economic analyses performed for a wide range of process configurations and market conditions show that this strategy results in significant efficiency and profitability improvements when CO2 capture and sequestration are employed. Market considerations for this analysis include variations in purchase prices of the coal and Natural Gas, sale prices of the products, and CO2 emission tax rates.
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combining coal Gasification and Natural Gas Reforming for efficient polygeneration
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A. Adams, Paul I BartonAbstract:Abstract A techno-economic analysis of several process systems to convert coal and Natural Gas to electricity, methanol, diesel, and Gasoline is presented. For these polygeneration systems, a wide range of product portfolios and market conditions are considered, including the implementation of a CO 2 emissions tax policy and optional carbon capture and sequestration technology. A new strategy is proposed in which Natural Gas Reforming is used to cool the Gasifier, rather than steam generation. Simulations along with economic analyses show that this strategy provides increased energy efficiency and can be the optimal design choice in many market scenarios.
Umberto Desideri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A technoeconomic analysis of different options for cogenerating power in hydrogen plants based on Natural Gas Reforming
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2006Co-Authors: Alessandro Corradetti, Umberto DesideriAbstract:Steam methane Reforming is the most common process for producing hydrogen in the world. It currently represents the most efficient and mature technology for this purpose. However, because of the high investment costs, this technology is only convenient for large sizes. Furthermore, the cooling of synGas and flue Gas produce a great amount of excess steam, which is usually transferred outside the process, for heating purposes or industrial applications. The opportunity of using this additional steam to generate electric power has been studied in this paper. In particular, different power plant schemes have been analyzed, including (i) a Rankine cycle, (ii) a Gas turbine simple cycle, and (iii) a Gas-steam combined cycle. These configurations have been investigated with the additional feature of CO 2 capture and sequestration. The reference plant has been modeled according to state-of-the-art of commercial hydrogen plants: it includes a preReforming reactor, two shift reactors, and a pressure swing adsorption unit for hydrogen purification. The plant has a conversion efficiency of ∼75% and produces 145,000 Sm 3 /hr of hydrogen (equivalent to 435 MW on the lower-heating-volume basis) and 63 t/hr of superheated steam. The proposed power plants generate, respectively, 22 MW (i), 36 MW (ii), and 87 MW (iii) without CO 2 capture. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the optimum size for each configuration and to investigate the influence of some parameters, such as electricity, Natural Gas, and steam costs.
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A Techno-Economic Analysis of Different Options for Cogenerating Power in Hydrogen Plants Based on Natural Gas Reforming
Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Environmental and Regulatory Affair, 2006Co-Authors: Alessandro Corradetti, Umberto DesideriAbstract:Steam Methane Reformer is the commonest process for producing hydrogen in the world. It currently represents the most efficient and mature technology for this purpose. However, due to the high investment costs, this technology is convenient for large sizes only. Furthermore, the cooling of synGas and flue Gas produce a great amount of excess steam, which is usually transferred outside the process, for heating purposes or industrial applications. The opportunity of using this additional steam to generate electric power has been studied in this paper. In particular different power plant schemes have been analyzed, including: (i) a Rankine cycle; (ii) a Gas turbine simple cycle; (iii) a Gas-steam combined cycle. These configurations have been investigated with the additional feature of CO2 capture and sequestration. The reference plant has been modeled according to the state of art of commercial hydrogen plants: it includes a pre-Reforming reactor, two shift reactors and a pressure swing adsorption unit for hydrogen purification. The plant has a conversion efficiency of approximately 75% and produces 145,000 Stm3 /hr of hydrogen (equivalent to 435 MW on LHV basis) and 63 t/hr of superheated steam. The proposed power plants generate respectively 22 MW (i), 36 MW (ii) and 87 MW (iii) without CO2 capture. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the optimum size for each configuration and to investigate the influence of some parameters, such as electricity, Natural Gas and steam costs.© 2006 ASME
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Analysis of Gas-Steam Combined Cycles With Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Capture
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2005Co-Authors: Alessandro Corradetti, Umberto DesideriAbstract:In the last several years greenhouse Gas emissions, and, in particular, carbon dioxide emissions, have become a major concern in the power generation industry and a large amount of research work has been dedicated to this subject. Among the possible technologies to reduce CO 2 emissions from power plants, the pretreatment of fossil fuels to separate carbon from hydrogen before the combustion process is one of the least energy-consuming ways to facilitate CO 2 capture and removal from the power plant. In this paper several power plant schemes with reduced CO 2 emissions were simulated. All the configurations were based on the following characteristics: (i) synGas production via Natural Gas Reforming; (ii) two reactors for CO-shift; (iii) precombustion decarbonization of the fuel by CO 2 absorption with amine solutions; (iv) combustion of hydrogen-rich fuel in a commercially available Gas turbine; and (v) combined cycle with three pressure levels, to achieve a net power output in the range of 400 MW. The base reactor employed for synGas generation is the ATR (auto thermal reformer). The attention was focused on the optimization of the main parameters of this reactor and its interaction with the power section. In particular the simulation evaluated the benefits deriving from the postcombustion of exhaust Gas and from the introduction of a Gas-Gas heat exchanger. All the components of the plants were simulated using ASPEN PLUS software, and fixing a reduction of CO 2 emissions of at least 90%. The best configuration showed a thermal efficiency of approximately 48% and CO 2 specific emissions of 0.04 ke/kWh.
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Analysis of Gas-Steam Combined Cycles With Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Capture
Volume 7: Turbo Expo 2004, 2004Co-Authors: Alessandro Corradetti, Umberto DesideriAbstract:In the last years greenhouse Gas emissions, and in particular carbon dioxide emissions, have become a major concern in the power generation industry and a large amount of research work has been dedicated to this subject. Among the possible technologies to reduce CO2 emissions from power plants, the pre-treatment of the fossil fuels to separate carbon from hydrogen before the combustion process is one of the least energy consuming way to facilitate CO2 capture and removal from the power plant. In this paper several power plant schemes with reduced CO2 emissions were simulated. All the configurations were based on the following characteristics: (1) synGas production via Natural Gas Reforming; (2) two reactors for CO-shift; (3) “pre-combustion” decarbonization of the fuel by CO2 absorption with amine solutions; (4) combustion of hydrogen rich fuel in a commercially available Gas turbine; (5) combined cycle with three pressure levels, to achieve a net power output in the range of 400 MW. The base reactor employed for synGas generation is the ATR (Auto Thermal Reformer). The attention was focused on the optimization of the main parameters of this reactor and its interaction with the power section. In particular the simulation evaluated the benefits deriving from the post-combustion of exhaust Gas and from the introduction of a Gas-Gas heat exchanger. All the components of the plants were simulated using Aspen Plus software, and fixing a reduction of CO2 emissions of at least 90%. The best configuration showed a thermal efficiency of approximately 48% and CO2 specific emissions of 0.04 kg/kWh.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
P Canu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a thermodynamic analysis of Natural Gas Reforming processes for fuel cell application
Chemical Engineering Science, 2007Co-Authors: Dalle D Nogare, P Baggio, C Tomasi, L Mutri, P CanuAbstract:In this work, steam Reforming of Natural Gas is investigated with an application to a small-scale hydrogen production unit of industrial interest, coupled to PEM fuel cells. We carried out a thermodynamic analysis to estimate the efficiency of this overall process, which consists of a reformer reactor and two water Gas shift reactors. We compare two different configurations: physical (PSA) or chemical (PROX) removal of CO from synGas. We find a similar global efficiency for both processes, although the PSA version has a relatively better performance.
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A thermodynamic analysis of Natural Gas Reforming processes for fuel cell application
Chemical Engineering Science, 2007Co-Authors: D. Dalle Nogare, P Baggio, C Tomasi, L Mutri, P CanuAbstract:In this work, steam Reforming of Natural Gas is investigated with an application to a small-scale hydrogen production unit of industrial interest, coupled to PEM fuel cells. We carried out a thermodynamic analysis to estimate the efficiency of this overall process, which consists of a reformer reactor and two water Gas shift reactors. We compare two different configurations: physical (PSA) or chemical (PROX) removal of CO from synGas. We find a similar global efficiency for both processes, although the PSA version has a relatively better performance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Ibrahim Dincer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Other Hydrogen Production Methods
Sustainable Hydrogen Production, 2016Co-Authors: Ibrahim Dincer, Calin ZamfirescuAbstract:In this chapter, a number of atypical hydrogen production methods are discussed in this chapter based on a literature survey of past publications. The focus of the chapter is on older or relatively known methods. Some of these older methods may be interest in newer green hydrogen production applications. The following hybrid thermochemical water splitting methods are discussed: photo-thermochemical, photo-electro-thermochemical, radio-thermochemical. Two methods applicable to hydrogen production from fossil fuels using process/waste heat generated by nuclear reactor are discussed, namely coal hydroGasification and nuclear-based Natural Gas Reforming. Also, solar thermochemical reformation of fuels to generate hydrogen is introduced. Past studies demonstrated an electrolysis method conducted in molten alkali rather than in alkaline solution. This process can be conducted at temperature over 250°C which brings thermodynamic benefits toward better efficiency. This process is also reviewed and discussed based on some critical literature information. Finally, the chapter ends with a section on green hydrogen from ammonia in which clean ammonia synthesis, ammonia distribution and storage and hydrogen generation from ammonia are taught.
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Hydrogen Production by Biochemical Energy
Sustainable Hydrogen Production, 2016Co-Authors: Ibrahim Dincer, Calin ZamfirescuAbstract:In this chapter, the relevant biochemical processes for hydrogen production from various substrates are classified and discussed for practical applications. The main microorganisms and enzymes, such as hydrogenase and nitrogenase are introduced. Also, the chapter presents some integrated systems for green biochemical hydrogen production. A bioGas facility integrated with a Natural Gas Reforming unit is discussed. An integration method of microbial electrolysis with PV-arrays power generator is presented. Furthermore, an integration method of bioethanol production unit with a bioethanol reformation unit for hydrogen generation is presented for comparison purposes.
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exergy and industrial ecology an application to an integrated energy system
International Journal of Exergy, 2008Co-Authors: Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A RosenAbstract:Exergy analysis can help integrate separate technologies following the principles of industrial ecology. An application of exergy analysis to calculate depletion numbers, which relate exergy destruction and total exergy use, is demonstrated for a Gas turbine cycle combined with a hydrogen generation unit. The design includes a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with internal Natural Gas Reforming and a Membrane Reactor (MR) in place of a combustion chamber. The depletion number for the separate technologies is found to be more than two times greater than for the combined system, implying the latter is more environmentally benign and like an ecosystem.
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environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production and utilization in fuel cell vehicles
Journal of Power Sources, 2006Co-Authors: Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A RosenAbstract:A smooth transition from Gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicles to ecologically clean hydrogen fuel cell vehicles depends on the process used for hydrogen production. Three technologies for hydrogen production are considered here: traditional hydrogen production via Natural Gas Reforming, and the use of two renewable technologies (wind and solar electricity generation) to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis. It is shown that a decrease of environmental impact (air pollution and greenhouse Gas emissions) as a result of hydrogen implementation as a fuel is accompanied by a decline in the economic efficiency (as measured by capital investments effectiveness). A mathematical procedure is proposed to obtain numerical estimates of environmental and economic criteria interactions in the form of sustainability indexes. On the basis of the obtained sustainability indexes, it is concluded that hydrogen production from wind energy via electrolysis is more advantageous for mitigating greenhouse Gas emissions and traditional Natural Gas Reforming is more favorable for reducing air pollution.
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Investigation and optimization of a new hybrid Natural Gas Reforming system for cascaded hydrogen, ammonia and methanol synthesis
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1Co-Authors: H. Ishaq, Ibrahim DincerAbstract:Abstract A new configuration to convert the traditional ammonia synthesis plants into an environmentally benign process is proposed in this study. The proposed design is implemented by integrating three different types of Natural Gas Reforming for clean hydrogen, methanol and ammonia synthesis. The solar heat source provides the absorption cooling unit with heat and Natural Gas reformers with steam. The CO2 emissions released by the Natural Gas Reforming configuration reacts with hydrogen for methanol synthesis. A pressure swing adsorption unit separates oxygen for Natural Gas autothermal Reforming and nitrogen for ammonia synthesis. A part of hydrogen produced by the Natural Gas Reforming unit is designed to pass through a double-stage ammonia production reactor for ammonia synthesis. The proposed configuration yields 10 mol/s of H2 and 2.4 mol/s of NH3. The overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies are found to be 66.83% and 68.55%. The present system yields 13.31 mol/s of CH3OH and 625.9 kW of cooling. Moreover, numerous sensitivity analyses are conducted on the proposed configuration and its performance assessment.
