The Experts below are selected from a list of 48522 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robin L Chazdon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Partnering with Nature: The case for Natural Regeneration in forest and landscape restoration
2017Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, B. Bodin, M.r. Guariguata, D. Lamb, B. Walder, U. Chokkalingam, K. ShonoAbstract:Natural Regeneration is a cost-effective, nature-based tool for restoration that enhances resilience, supports local biodiversity, and supplies multiple ecosystem goods and services. However, for social, cultural and economic reasons, the potential of Natural Regeneration for achieving large-scale restoration objectives and climate mitigation targets is often overlooked. This information brief makes specific recommendations for policy changes that could enhance the role of Natural Regeneration in ecological restoration interventions and as an integral component of forest and landscape restoration.
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ecological restoration success is higher for Natural Regeneration than for active restoration in tropical forests
Science Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, Renato Crouzeilles, Mariana Silva Ferreira, David B Lindenmayer, Jeronimo B B Sansevero, Lara Monteiro, Alvaro Iribarrem, Agnieszka LatawiecAbstract:Is active restoration the best approach to achieve ecological restoration success (the return to a reference condition, that is, old-growth forest) when compared to Natural Regeneration in tropical forests? Our meta-analysis of 133 studies demonstrated that Natural Regeneration surpasses active restoration in achieving tropical forest restoration success for all three biodiversity groups (plants, birds, and invertebrates) and five measures of vegetation structure (cover, density, litter, biomass, and height) tested. Restoration success for biodiversity and vegetation structure was 34 to 56% and 19 to 56% higher in Natural Regeneration than in active restoration systems, respectively, after controlling for key biotic and abiotic factors (forest cover, precipitation, time elapsed since restoration started, and past disturbance). Biodiversity responses were based primarily on ecological metrics of abundance and species richness (74%), both of which take far less time to achieve restoration success than similarity and composition. This finding challenges the widely held notion that Natural forest Regeneration has limited conservation value and that active restoration should be the default ecological restoration strategy. The proposition that active restoration achieves greater restoration success than Natural Regeneration may have arisen because previous comparisons lacked controls for biotic and abiotic factors; we also did not find any difference between active restoration and Natural Regeneration outcomes for vegetation structure when we did not control for these factors. Future policy priorities should align the identified patterns of biophysical and ecological conditions where each or both restoration approaches are more successful, cost-effective, and compatible with socioeconomic incentives for tropical forest restoration.
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landscape restoration Natural Regeneration and the forests of the future1
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017Co-Authors: Robin L ChazdonAbstract:Reversing large-scale degradation and deforestation goes beyond what can be achieved by site-level ecological restoration. Forest and landscape restoration focuses on spatial scales beyond the “site” level, where multiple land uses and forms of land ownership coexist, and where management decisions are usually made by different sets of stakeholders. In this context, Natural Regeneration can be a cost-effective approach to expand buffer zones of protected areas or forest reserves, create new forest patches and riparian zones, and create biological corridors to link existing protected areas. Here, I describe different modalities of Natural Regeneration, describe their benefits and features, and present several case studies of large-scale Natural Regeneration. Regrowing forests are often ignored, and their ecological and economic value remains largely unrecognized. Effective incentives for landowners and local communities are needed to encourage and protect Naturally regenerating forests on farms. Predicting and mapping areas with a high capacity for Natural Regeneration will lower the overall costs of implementing restoration at local, regional, and national levels and may permit larger areas to be restored. Regrowing tropical forests will play an increasingly important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation in our future uncertain world.
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Natural Regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in the tropics: prospects and challenges
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, M.r. GuariguataAbstract:A major global effort to enable cost-effective Natural Regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest Regeneration can potentially play a major role in large-scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor Natural Regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large-scale Natural Regeneration followed forest clearing and non-forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self-organizing processes that create Naturally regenerating forests and Natural Regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge Natural Regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable Natural Regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large-scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where Natural Regeneration is a viable and favorable land-use option, developing monitoring protocols for Natural Regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of Naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with Natural Regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost.
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Natural Regeneration in the context of large‐scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, Maria UriarteAbstract:Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of Natural Regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of Naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural Regeneration is often ignored as a viable land-use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted Natural Regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of Natural Regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives.
Maria Uriarte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Regeneration in the context of large‐scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, Maria UriarteAbstract:Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of Natural Regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of Naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural Regeneration is often ignored as a viable land-use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted Natural Regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of Natural Regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives.
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incorporating Natural Regeneration in forest landscape restoration in tropical regions synthesis and key research gaps
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Uriarte, Robin L ChazdonAbstract:Extensive tropical forest loss and degradation have stimulated increasing awareness at the international policy level of the need to undertake large-scale forest landscape restoration (FLR). Natural Regeneration offers a cost-effective way to achieve large-scale FLR, but is often overlooked in favor of tree plantations. The studies presented in this special issue show how Natural Regeneration can become an important part of FLR and highlight the ecological, environmental, and social factors that must be considered to effectively do so. They also identify major knowledge gaps and outline a research agenda to support the use of Natural Regeneration in FLR. Six central questions emerge from these studies: (1) What are the ecological, economic, and livelihood outcomes of active and passive restoration interventions?; (2) What are the tradeoffs and synergies among ecological, economic, and livelihood outcomes of Natural Regeneration, restoration and productive land uses, and how do they evolve in the face of market and climate shocks?; (3) What diagnostic tools are needed to identify and map target areas for Natural Regeneration?; (4) How should spatial prioritization frameworks incorporate Natural Regeneration into FLR?; (5) What legal frameworks and governance structures are best suited to encourage Natural Regeneration and how do they change across regions and landscapes?; (6) What financial mechanisms can foster low-cost Natural Regeneration? Natural Regeneration is not a panacea to solve tensions and conflicts over land use, but it can be advantageous under some circumstances. Identifying under what conditions this is the case is an important avenue for future research.
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Natural Regeneration in the context of large scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, Maria UriarteAbstract:Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of Natural Regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of Naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural Regeneration is often ignored as a viable land-use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted Natural Regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of Natural Regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives.
S. Ellen Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ecology and management of Natural Regeneration of white spruce in the boreal forest
Environmental Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Stefanie Gärtner, Victor J. Lieffers, S. Ellen MacdonaldAbstract:Most forest managers view Natural Regeneration of Picea glauca (white spruce) after forest harvesting to be unre- liable; in this paper the Authors dispute this idea by describing the factors influencing Natural Regeneration of spruce, i.e., seed production, dispersal, germination and seedling establishment and discussing the opportunities for encouragement of Natural Regeneration after logging. Seed supply is greatest from trees with large crowns, that are positioned in the upper can- opy and seeding is greatest in mast years. Maintaining at least five mature white spruce trees per hectare within cut areas or dense stands of spruce on edges of cutovers ensures pollination success as well as even seed distribution. The most suitable seedbeds for white spruce germination are mineral soil, mineral soil with a thin organic layer, or large downed rotten logs. Mineral soil seedbeds are available for a short time after fire or other disturbances, while downed wood becomes available over time; this results in recruitment immediately after disturbance or several decades later. To increase the availability of suitable seedbeds the soil can be scarified during or after harvest and nurse logs should be left; on wet sites mounding should be considered. Partial canopy cover can protect seedlings from climate extremes while limiting competing vegetation. Using Natural Regeneration, a range of stocking outcomes can be expected — from no stocking to overstocking of spruce. Such variation in the amount of spruce versus broadleaf species, however, is consistent with the range of variation in forest composition found Naturally in the boreal mixedwood region.
Agnieszka Latawiec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecological restoration success is higher for Natural Regeneration than for active restoration in tropical forests
Science Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Robin L Chazdon, Renato Crouzeilles, Mariana Silva Ferreira, David B Lindenmayer, Jeronimo B B Sansevero, Lara Monteiro, Alvaro Iribarrem, Agnieszka LatawiecAbstract:Is active restoration the best approach to achieve ecological restoration success (the return to a reference condition, that is, old-growth forest) when compared to Natural Regeneration in tropical forests? Our meta-analysis of 133 studies demonstrated that Natural Regeneration surpasses active restoration in achieving tropical forest restoration success for all three biodiversity groups (plants, birds, and invertebrates) and five measures of vegetation structure (cover, density, litter, biomass, and height) tested. Restoration success for biodiversity and vegetation structure was 34 to 56% and 19 to 56% higher in Natural Regeneration than in active restoration systems, respectively, after controlling for key biotic and abiotic factors (forest cover, precipitation, time elapsed since restoration started, and past disturbance). Biodiversity responses were based primarily on ecological metrics of abundance and species richness (74%), both of which take far less time to achieve restoration success than similarity and composition. This finding challenges the widely held notion that Natural forest Regeneration has limited conservation value and that active restoration should be the default ecological restoration strategy. The proposition that active restoration achieves greater restoration success than Natural Regeneration may have arisen because previous comparisons lacked controls for biotic and abiotic factors; we also did not find any difference between active restoration and Natural Regeneration outcomes for vegetation structure when we did not control for these factors. Future policy priorities should align the identified patterns of biophysical and ecological conditions where each or both restoration approaches are more successful, cost-effective, and compatible with socioeconomic incentives for tropical forest restoration.
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Natural Regeneration and biodiversity: a global meta‐analysis and implications for spatial planning
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, Renato Crouzeilles, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto Sansevero, Juliana Silveira Dos Santos, Morena Mills, André Gustavo Nave, Bernardo B. N. StrassburgAbstract:Natural Regeneration offers a cheaper alternative to active reforestation and has the potential to become the predominant way of restoring degraded tropical landscapes at large-scale. We conducted a meta-analysis for tropical regions and quantified the relationships between both ecological and socioeconomic factors and biodiversity responses in Naturally regenerating areas. Biogeographic realms, past disturbance, and the human development index (HDI) were used as explanatory variables for biodiversity responses. In addition, we present a case study of large-scale Natural Regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and identify areas where different forms of restoration would be most suitable. Using our dataset for tropical regions, we showed that Natural Regeneration was predominantly reported within: the Neotropical realm; areas that were intensively disturbed; and countries with medium HDI. We also found that biodiversity in regenerating forests was more similar to the values found in old growth forests in: countries with either low, high, or very high HDI; less biodiverse realms; and areas of less intensive past disturbance. Our case study from Brazil showed that the level of forest gain resulting from environmental legislation, in particular the Brazilian Forest Code, has been reduced, but remains substantial. Complementary market incentives and financial mechanisms to promote large-scale Natural Regeneration in human-modified agricultural landscapes are also needed. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that promote or limit the recovery of biodiversity in Naturally regenerating areas, and aids to identify areas with higher potential for Natural Regeneration.
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Natural Regeneration and biodiversity a global meta analysis and implications for spatial planning
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, Renato Crouzeilles, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto Sansevero, Juliana Silveira Dos Santos, Morena Mills, André Gustavo Nave, Bernardo B. N. StrassburgAbstract:Natural Regeneration offers a cheaper alternative to active reforestation and has the potential to become the predominant way of restoring degraded tropical landscapes at large-scale. We conducted a meta-analysis for tropical regions and quantified the relationships between both ecological and socioeconomic factors and biodiversity responses in Naturally regenerating areas. Biogeographic realms, past disturbance, and the human development index (HDI) were used as explanatory variables for biodiversity responses. In addition, we present a case study of large-scale Natural Regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and identify areas where different forms of restoration would be most suitable. Using our dataset for tropical regions, we showed that Natural Regeneration was predominantly reported within: the Neotropical realm; areas that were intensively disturbed; and countries with medium HDI. We also found that biodiversity in regenerating forests was more similar to the values found in old growth forests in: countries with either low, high, or very high HDI; less biodiverse realms; and areas of less intensive past disturbance. Our case study from Brazil showed that the level of forest gain resulting from environmental legislation, in particular the Brazilian Forest Code, has been reduced, but remains substantial. Complementary market incentives and financial mechanisms to promote large-scale Natural Regeneration in human-modified agricultural landscapes are also needed. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that promote or limit the recovery of biodiversity in Naturally regenerating areas, and aids to identify areas with higher potential for Natural Regeneration.
Bernardo B. N. Strassburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Regeneration and biodiversity: a global meta‐analysis and implications for spatial planning
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, Renato Crouzeilles, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto Sansevero, Juliana Silveira Dos Santos, Morena Mills, André Gustavo Nave, Bernardo B. N. StrassburgAbstract:Natural Regeneration offers a cheaper alternative to active reforestation and has the potential to become the predominant way of restoring degraded tropical landscapes at large-scale. We conducted a meta-analysis for tropical regions and quantified the relationships between both ecological and socioeconomic factors and biodiversity responses in Naturally regenerating areas. Biogeographic realms, past disturbance, and the human development index (HDI) were used as explanatory variables for biodiversity responses. In addition, we present a case study of large-scale Natural Regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and identify areas where different forms of restoration would be most suitable. Using our dataset for tropical regions, we showed that Natural Regeneration was predominantly reported within: the Neotropical realm; areas that were intensively disturbed; and countries with medium HDI. We also found that biodiversity in regenerating forests was more similar to the values found in old growth forests in: countries with either low, high, or very high HDI; less biodiverse realms; and areas of less intensive past disturbance. Our case study from Brazil showed that the level of forest gain resulting from environmental legislation, in particular the Brazilian Forest Code, has been reduced, but remains substantial. Complementary market incentives and financial mechanisms to promote large-scale Natural Regeneration in human-modified agricultural landscapes are also needed. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that promote or limit the recovery of biodiversity in Naturally regenerating areas, and aids to identify areas with higher potential for Natural Regeneration.
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Natural Regeneration and biodiversity a global meta analysis and implications for spatial planning
Biotropica, 2016Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, Renato Crouzeilles, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto Sansevero, Juliana Silveira Dos Santos, Morena Mills, André Gustavo Nave, Bernardo B. N. StrassburgAbstract:Natural Regeneration offers a cheaper alternative to active reforestation and has the potential to become the predominant way of restoring degraded tropical landscapes at large-scale. We conducted a meta-analysis for tropical regions and quantified the relationships between both ecological and socioeconomic factors and biodiversity responses in Naturally regenerating areas. Biogeographic realms, past disturbance, and the human development index (HDI) were used as explanatory variables for biodiversity responses. In addition, we present a case study of large-scale Natural Regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and identify areas where different forms of restoration would be most suitable. Using our dataset for tropical regions, we showed that Natural Regeneration was predominantly reported within: the Neotropical realm; areas that were intensively disturbed; and countries with medium HDI. We also found that biodiversity in regenerating forests was more similar to the values found in old growth forests in: countries with either low, high, or very high HDI; less biodiverse realms; and areas of less intensive past disturbance. Our case study from Brazil showed that the level of forest gain resulting from environmental legislation, in particular the Brazilian Forest Code, has been reduced, but remains substantial. Complementary market incentives and financial mechanisms to promote large-scale Natural Regeneration in human-modified agricultural landscapes are also needed. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that promote or limit the recovery of biodiversity in Naturally regenerating areas, and aids to identify areas with higher potential for Natural Regeneration.
