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Rakesh Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comprehensive review on agro technologies of low calorie Natural Sweetener stevia stevia rebaudiana bertoni a boon to diabetic patients
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016Co-Authors: Saurabh Sharma, Swati Walia, Bikram Singh, Rakesh KumarAbstract:Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a low-calorie Natural Sweetener plant native to Paraguay. The leaves of stevia have sweetening compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), which contain different marker compounds, i.e. stevioside (St), rebaudioside (Rb) A, B, C, D and E, dulcoside A and steviol biosides, which are nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is a better alternative to sugar in formulating food products, reducing the harmful effect of sugar and improving the nutrient properties. We have tried to compile a literature on various agronomic and management aspects which are helpful in increasing the yield and quality of stevia to be grown as a crop that will benefit farmers and industrialists. The stevioside thus obtained can be used to make different food products for sweetening purposes, which could be a boon to diabetic patients. Incorporation of different agronomic techniques like propagation method, transplanting time, intercropping, irrigation, mulching, plant geometry, pinching and harvesting time not only improve the biomass but also increase the quality of stevia. Therefore, agronomic considerations are of high priority to utilize its maximum potential. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Comprehensive review on agro technologies of low‐calorie Natural Sweetener stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni): a boon to diabetic patients
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2015Co-Authors: Saurabh Sharma, Swati Walia, Bikram Singh, Rakesh KumarAbstract:Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a low-calorie Natural Sweetener plant native to Paraguay. The leaves of stevia have sweetening compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), which contain different marker compounds, i.e. stevioside (St), rebaudioside (Rb) A, B, C, D and E, dulcoside A and steviol biosides, which are nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is a better alternative to sugar in formulating food products, reducing the harmful effect of sugar and improving the nutrient properties. We have tried to compile a literature on various agronomic and management aspects which are helpful in increasing the yield and quality of stevia to be grown as a crop that will benefit farmers and industrialists. The stevioside thus obtained can be used to make different food products for sweetening purposes, which could be a boon to diabetic patients. Incorporation of different agronomic techniques like propagation method, transplanting time, intercropping, irrigation, mulching, plant geometry, pinching and harvesting time not only improve the biomass but also increase the quality of stevia. Therefore, agronomic considerations are of high priority to utilize its maximum potential. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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growth and yield of Natural Sweetener plant stevia as affected by pinching
Indian journal of plant physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Mohit SharmaAbstract:Leaf is the main economic part of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), hence production of more leaf biomass with higher steviol glycosides is the main criterion for crop performance. A field experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 to assess the effect of pinching on growth, yield and quality of stevia. The experiment consisted of eight treatments of pinching; six treatments were executed at 20, 30 and 40 days after transplanting (DAT) at 10 and 20 cm height (main branches only), one at 40 DAT (main + secondary branches) at 20 cm height and one control (no pinching). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete-block design with three replications. Pinching treatments significantly affected number of leaves, branches per plant, plant spread and leaf yield, as compared with the control. Stevia plants pinched at 40 DAT (main + secondary branches) at 20 cm height recorded significantly higher number of leaves plant−1 (213), fresh leaf weight (93.8 g plant−1) at first harvest and 27.7 % higher total leaf dry biomass as compared with control. This treatment also recorded higher net returns (Rs. 1,86,998 ha−1) and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio because of higher production of leaf biomass as compared with other treatments. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside–A) were not affected significantly by pinching treatments. Interaction effects of years and pinching treatments were significant for all the growth traits and yield during both the harvests. We conclude that pinching enhances leaf biomass and profits in stevia.
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Effect of agro-techniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) under western Himalayan conditions
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2012Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Bikram Singh, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ramdeen Prasad, Vijay Lata Pathania, Rakesh Deosharan SinghAbstract:Two separate field experiments were conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of agrotechniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Himalayan conditions. In the first experiment during 2007 and 2008 two doses of farm yard manure (FYM) and seven inorganic fertilizers were compared with untreated plot (control). Application of 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded significantly higher plant height, stem, flower and total weight/plant (dry) and consequently recorded higher dry leaf yield as compared to other treatments. However, stevioside and rebaudioside contents were found to reduce due to the application of manures/fertilizers. FYM application recorded higher marker compounds than inorganic fertilizers. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded highest steviol glycoside (stevioside and rebaudioside A) yield/ha than other treatments. In second experiment during 2008 and 2009, effect of land configuration and harvesting time on growth, yield and steviol glycosides of stevia was evaluated. Planting stevia in broad bed and furrow (BBF) recorded 31 and 23% higher leaf biomass over flat and camber bed methods, respectively. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) concentration was higher when stevia was planted in camber bed as compared to flat and BBF. Significantly higher leaf biomass was obtained from stevia plants which were harvested once at 50% flower bud stage compared with those harvested once at the 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Rebaudioside -A content was higher when leaves were harvested at 50% flower bud stage. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, stevia planted in BBF and harvested at 50% flower bud stage recorded highest net return and B:C ratio than other treatments.
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effect of agro techniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant stevia stevia rebaudiana under western himalayan conditions
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2012Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Bikram Singh, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ramdeen Prasad, Vijay Lata Pathania, Rakesh Deosharan SinghAbstract:Two separate field experiments were conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of agrotechniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Himalayan conditions. In the first experiment during 2007 and 2008 two doses of farm yard manure (FYM) and seven inorganic fertilizers were compared with untreated plot (control). Application of 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded significantly higher plant height, stem, flower and total weight/plant (dry) and consequently recorded higher dry leaf yield as compared to other treatments. However, stevioside and rebaudioside contents were found to reduce due to the application of manures/fertilizers. FYM application recorded higher marker compounds than inorganic fertilizers. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded highest steviol glycoside (stevioside and rebaudioside A) yield/ha than other treatments. In second experiment during 2008 and 2009, effect of land configuration and harvesting time on growth, yield and steviol glycosides of stevia was evaluated. Planting stevia in broad bed and furrow (BBF) recorded 31 and 23% higher leaf biomass over flat and camber bed methods, respectively. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) concentration was higher when stevia was planted in camber bed as compared to flat and BBF. Significantly higher leaf biomass was obtained from stevia plants which were harvested once at 50% flower bud stage compared with those harvested once at the 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Rebaudioside -A content was higher when leaves were harvested at 50% flower bud stage. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, stevia planted in BBF and harvested at 50% flower bud stage recorded highest net return and B:C ratio than other treatments.
Saurabh Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comprehensive review on agro technologies of low calorie Natural Sweetener stevia stevia rebaudiana bertoni a boon to diabetic patients
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016Co-Authors: Saurabh Sharma, Swati Walia, Bikram Singh, Rakesh KumarAbstract:Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a low-calorie Natural Sweetener plant native to Paraguay. The leaves of stevia have sweetening compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), which contain different marker compounds, i.e. stevioside (St), rebaudioside (Rb) A, B, C, D and E, dulcoside A and steviol biosides, which are nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is a better alternative to sugar in formulating food products, reducing the harmful effect of sugar and improving the nutrient properties. We have tried to compile a literature on various agronomic and management aspects which are helpful in increasing the yield and quality of stevia to be grown as a crop that will benefit farmers and industrialists. The stevioside thus obtained can be used to make different food products for sweetening purposes, which could be a boon to diabetic patients. Incorporation of different agronomic techniques like propagation method, transplanting time, intercropping, irrigation, mulching, plant geometry, pinching and harvesting time not only improve the biomass but also increase the quality of stevia. Therefore, agronomic considerations are of high priority to utilize its maximum potential. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Comprehensive review on agro technologies of low‐calorie Natural Sweetener stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni): a boon to diabetic patients
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2015Co-Authors: Saurabh Sharma, Swati Walia, Bikram Singh, Rakesh KumarAbstract:Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a low-calorie Natural Sweetener plant native to Paraguay. The leaves of stevia have sweetening compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), which contain different marker compounds, i.e. stevioside (St), rebaudioside (Rb) A, B, C, D and E, dulcoside A and steviol biosides, which are nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is a better alternative to sugar in formulating food products, reducing the harmful effect of sugar and improving the nutrient properties. We have tried to compile a literature on various agronomic and management aspects which are helpful in increasing the yield and quality of stevia to be grown as a crop that will benefit farmers and industrialists. The stevioside thus obtained can be used to make different food products for sweetening purposes, which could be a boon to diabetic patients. Incorporation of different agronomic techniques like propagation method, transplanting time, intercropping, irrigation, mulching, plant geometry, pinching and harvesting time not only improve the biomass but also increase the quality of stevia. Therefore, agronomic considerations are of high priority to utilize its maximum potential. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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growth and yield of Natural Sweetener plant stevia as affected by pinching
Indian journal of plant physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Mohit SharmaAbstract:Leaf is the main economic part of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), hence production of more leaf biomass with higher steviol glycosides is the main criterion for crop performance. A field experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 to assess the effect of pinching on growth, yield and quality of stevia. The experiment consisted of eight treatments of pinching; six treatments were executed at 20, 30 and 40 days after transplanting (DAT) at 10 and 20 cm height (main branches only), one at 40 DAT (main + secondary branches) at 20 cm height and one control (no pinching). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete-block design with three replications. Pinching treatments significantly affected number of leaves, branches per plant, plant spread and leaf yield, as compared with the control. Stevia plants pinched at 40 DAT (main + secondary branches) at 20 cm height recorded significantly higher number of leaves plant−1 (213), fresh leaf weight (93.8 g plant−1) at first harvest and 27.7 % higher total leaf dry biomass as compared with control. This treatment also recorded higher net returns (Rs. 1,86,998 ha−1) and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio because of higher production of leaf biomass as compared with other treatments. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside–A) were not affected significantly by pinching treatments. Interaction effects of years and pinching treatments were significant for all the growth traits and yield during both the harvests. We conclude that pinching enhances leaf biomass and profits in stevia.
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Effect of agro-techniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) under western Himalayan conditions
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2012Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Bikram Singh, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ramdeen Prasad, Vijay Lata Pathania, Rakesh Deosharan SinghAbstract:Two separate field experiments were conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of agrotechniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Himalayan conditions. In the first experiment during 2007 and 2008 two doses of farm yard manure (FYM) and seven inorganic fertilizers were compared with untreated plot (control). Application of 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded significantly higher plant height, stem, flower and total weight/plant (dry) and consequently recorded higher dry leaf yield as compared to other treatments. However, stevioside and rebaudioside contents were found to reduce due to the application of manures/fertilizers. FYM application recorded higher marker compounds than inorganic fertilizers. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded highest steviol glycoside (stevioside and rebaudioside A) yield/ha than other treatments. In second experiment during 2008 and 2009, effect of land configuration and harvesting time on growth, yield and steviol glycosides of stevia was evaluated. Planting stevia in broad bed and furrow (BBF) recorded 31 and 23% higher leaf biomass over flat and camber bed methods, respectively. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) concentration was higher when stevia was planted in camber bed as compared to flat and BBF. Significantly higher leaf biomass was obtained from stevia plants which were harvested once at 50% flower bud stage compared with those harvested once at the 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Rebaudioside -A content was higher when leaves were harvested at 50% flower bud stage. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, stevia planted in BBF and harvested at 50% flower bud stage recorded highest net return and B:C ratio than other treatments.
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effect of agro techniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant stevia stevia rebaudiana under western himalayan conditions
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2012Co-Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Saurabh Sharma, Bikram Singh, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ramdeen Prasad, Vijay Lata Pathania, Rakesh Deosharan SinghAbstract:Two separate field experiments were conducted during 2007, 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of agrotechniques on the performance of Natural Sweetener plant–stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Himalayan conditions. In the first experiment during 2007 and 2008 two doses of farm yard manure (FYM) and seven inorganic fertilizers were compared with untreated plot (control). Application of 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded significantly higher plant height, stem, flower and total weight/plant (dry) and consequently recorded higher dry leaf yield as compared to other treatments. However, stevioside and rebaudioside contents were found to reduce due to the application of manures/fertilizers. FYM application recorded higher marker compounds than inorganic fertilizers. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, 50:60:50 kg NPK/ha recorded highest steviol glycoside (stevioside and rebaudioside A) yield/ha than other treatments. In second experiment during 2008 and 2009, effect of land configuration and harvesting time on growth, yield and steviol glycosides of stevia was evaluated. Planting stevia in broad bed and furrow (BBF) recorded 31 and 23% higher leaf biomass over flat and camber bed methods, respectively. Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) concentration was higher when stevia was planted in camber bed as compared to flat and BBF. Significantly higher leaf biomass was obtained from stevia plants which were harvested once at 50% flower bud stage compared with those harvested once at the 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Rebaudioside -A content was higher when leaves were harvested at 50% flower bud stage. Owing to higher dry leaf yield, stevia planted in BBF and harvested at 50% flower bud stage recorded highest net return and B:C ratio than other treatments.
Thirayudh Glinsukon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Digestion of Stevioside, a Natural Sweetener, by Various Digestive Enzymes.
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 1997Co-Authors: Albert M. Hutapea, Prapin Wilairat, Chaivat Toskulkao, Duang Buddhasukh, Thirayudh GlinsukonAbstract:In vitro digestibility of stevioside, a Natural Sweetener, by various digestive enzymes was investigated. Stevioside was incubated with salivary α-amylase, pancreatic α-amylase, saliva, pepsin, gastric secretion, pancreatin and intestinal brush border membrane enzymes of mice, rats, and hamsters as well as with intestinal microflora of mice, rats, hamsters and humans. None of these enzymes digested stevioside except the microflora of the rat and hamster cecal contents, which hydrolyzed it to steviol, and the microflora of mouse cecal content and human feces, which hydrolyzed it to both steviol and steviol-16,17 α-epoxide. Steviol-16,17 α-epoxide was then completely converted back into steviol. These results suggest that steviol might be the only metabolite produced by the intestinal microflora from various animal species and humans.
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acute toxicity of stevioside a Natural Sweetener and its metabolite steviol in several animal species
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 1997Co-Authors: C Toskulkac, L Chaturat, P Temcharoen, Thirayudh GlinsukonAbstract:ABSTRACTThe acute toxicity of stevioside and steviol (a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of stevioside) was investigated in three animal species including rat, mouse and hamster. The susceptibility to stevioside and steviol acute toxicity in both sexes of these animal species was compared. The animals were treated intragastrically with stevioside or steviol and general signs and symptoms were observed. The numbers of dead animals were recorded within a period of 14 days after administration for estimation of LD50. Stevioside at a dose as high as 15 g/kg BW was not lethal to either mice, rats or hamsters. Hamsters were found to be more susceptible to steviol than rats or mice. LD50 values of steviol in hamsters were 5.20 and 6.10 g/kg BW for males and females, respectively. In rats and mice, LD50 values of steviol were higher than 15 g/kg BW in both sexes. Histopathological examination in the kidney of hamsters induced by steviol revealed severe degeneration of the proximal tubular cells. These structural a...
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the low calorie Natural Sweetener stevioside nephrotoxicity and its relationship to urinary enzyme excretion in the rat
Phytotherapy Research, 1994Co-Authors: Chaivat Toskulkao, Thirayudh Glinsukon, Wimon Deechakawan, Vijittra Leardkamolkarn, Dhuang BuddhasukhAbstract:The relationships between urinary enzyme levels and changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine levels, along with simultaneous ultrastructural changes of the kidney, were studied in rats treated with stevioside. BUN levels increased at 3 h onward after subcutaneous injection (s.c.) with stevioside (1.5 g/kg BW). The maximum increases in BUN and creatinine were approximately 180% and 132% at 9 h after stevioside injection, respectively. At this time, stevioside also caused significant increases in glucosuria, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) but no significant changes in proteinuria, N-acetyl-β-D-glucuronidase (NAG) or glutathione-S-transferase (GSH-S-TF). Histopathological examination of the kidney induced by stevioside revealed degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubule cells but no relation to lipid peroxide formation was detected. These results suggest that stevioside induced nephrotoxicity at the proximal convoluted tubules rather than at the glomeruli and other tubules presumably by a defect of cell volume regulation due to depletion of intracellular ATP and disruption of microvilli, and nuclear dysfunction.
Soo-un Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular cloning and characterization of epi α bisabolol synthase catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of the Natural Sweetener hernandulcin in lippia dulcis
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2012Co-Authors: M. Attia, Soo-un KimAbstract:Abstract Hernandulcin, a C15 sesquiterpene ketone, is a Natural Sweetener isolated from the leaves of Lippia dulcis . It is a promising sugar substitute due to its safety and low caloric potential. However, the biosynthesis of hernandulcin in L. dulcis remains unknown. The first biochemical step of hernandulcin is the synthesis of (+)- epi -α-bisabolol from farnesyl diphosphate, which is presumed to be catalyzed by a unique sesquiterpene synthase in L. dulcis . In order to decipher hernandulcin biosynthesis, deep transcript sequencings (454 and Illumina) were performed, which facilitated the molecular cloning of five new sesquiterpene synthase cDNAs from L. dulcis . In vivo activity evaluation of these cDNAs in yeast identified them as the sesquiterpene synthases for α-copaene/δ-cadinene, bicyclogermacrene, β-caryophyllene, trans -α-bergamotene, and α-bisabolol. The engineered yeast could synthesize a significant amount (∼0.3 mg per mL) of α-bisabolol in shake-flask cultivation. This efficient in vivo production was congruent with the competent kinetic properties of recombinant α-bisabolol synthase ( K m 4.8 μM and k cat 0.04 s −1 ). Detailed chemical analyses of the biosynthesized α-bisabolol confirmed its configuration to be (+)- epi -α-bisabolol, the core skeleton of hernandulcin. These results demonstrated that enzymatic, stereoselective synthesis of (+)- epi -α-bisabolol can be achieved, promising the heterologous production of a Natural Sweetener, hernandulcin.
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Molecular cloning and characterization of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol synthase, catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of the Natural Sweetener, hernandulcin, in Lippia dulcis.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2012Co-Authors: M. Attia, Soo-un KimAbstract:Abstract Hernandulcin, a C15 sesquiterpene ketone, is a Natural Sweetener isolated from the leaves of Lippia dulcis . It is a promising sugar substitute due to its safety and low caloric potential. However, the biosynthesis of hernandulcin in L. dulcis remains unknown. The first biochemical step of hernandulcin is the synthesis of (+)- epi -α-bisabolol from farnesyl diphosphate, which is presumed to be catalyzed by a unique sesquiterpene synthase in L. dulcis . In order to decipher hernandulcin biosynthesis, deep transcript sequencings (454 and Illumina) were performed, which facilitated the molecular cloning of five new sesquiterpene synthase cDNAs from L. dulcis . In vivo activity evaluation of these cDNAs in yeast identified them as the sesquiterpene synthases for α-copaene/δ-cadinene, bicyclogermacrene, β-caryophyllene, trans -α-bergamotene, and α-bisabolol. The engineered yeast could synthesize a significant amount (∼0.3 mg per mL) of α-bisabolol in shake-flask cultivation. This efficient in vivo production was congruent with the competent kinetic properties of recombinant α-bisabolol synthase ( K m 4.8 μM and k cat 0.04 s −1 ). Detailed chemical analyses of the biosynthesized α-bisabolol confirmed its configuration to be (+)- epi -α-bisabolol, the core skeleton of hernandulcin. These results demonstrated that enzymatic, stereoselective synthesis of (+)- epi -α-bisabolol can be achieved, promising the heterologous production of a Natural Sweetener, hernandulcin.
Tara M Snyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel diterpene glycoside with nine glucose units from stevia rebaudiana bertoni
Biomolecules, 2017Co-Authors: Indra Prakash, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna Prasad Devkota, Romila D Charan, Catherine Ramirez, Tara M SnyderAbstract:Following our interest in new diterpene glycosides with better taste profiles than that of Rebaudioside M, we have recently isolated and characterized Rebaudioside IX—a novel steviol glycoside—from a commercially‐supplied extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. This molecule contains a hexasaccharide group attached at C‐13 of the central diterpene core, and contains three additional glucose units when compared with Rebaudioside M. Here we report the complete structure elucidation—based on extensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis (1H, 13C, Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence‐Distortionless Enhancement Polarization Transfer (HSQC‐DEPT), Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), 1D Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY)) and mass spectral data—of this novel diterpene glycoside with nine sugar moieties and containing a relatively rare 16 α‐linked glycoside. A steviol glycoside bearing nine glucose units is unprecedented in the literature, and could have an impact on the Natural Sweetener catalog.
