The Experts below are selected from a list of 354612 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Uwe Herwig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural circuits associated with positive and Negative Self-Appraisal.
Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Annette Beatrix Brühl, Michael Rufer, Tina Kaffenberger, Volker Baur, Uwe HerwigAbstract:Self-worth is particularly influenced by Self-Appraisal, which is Negatively biased in many psychiatric disorders. Positive and Negative Self-Appraisals also shape current emotional states or even evoke defensive reactions, when they are incongruent with a subject's current state. Prior studies have mainly used externally given evaluative appraisals. In this study, 30 subjects used individual Negative and positive Self-Appraisals during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We additionally investigated the effects of such Self-Appraisals onto the subsequent perception of photos of the individual subjects. Both Self-Appraisal conditions activated dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to the neutral condition. Positive Self-Appraisal evoked stronger activity than Negative Self-Appraisal in the amygdala, ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex, whereas Negative Self-Appraisal was associated with increased activity in the occipital regions. Positive Self-Appraisal had no effect on the perception of a photo of oneself, whereas Negative appraisal increased activity in the anterior insula and parietal regions. Overall, positive Self-Appraisal activated more emotion-related brain regions, whereas Negative Self-Appraisal had a relatively stronger influence on perception-related brain activity. These findings could on the one hand explain the effect of Negative Self-Appraisal on the behavior in the real world and on the other hand support a stronger focus of psychotherapy on enhancing positive Self-Appraisals.
Annette Beatrix Brühl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural circuits associated with positive and Negative Self-Appraisal.
Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Annette Beatrix Brühl, Michael Rufer, Tina Kaffenberger, Volker Baur, Uwe HerwigAbstract:Self-worth is particularly influenced by Self-Appraisal, which is Negatively biased in many psychiatric disorders. Positive and Negative Self-Appraisals also shape current emotional states or even evoke defensive reactions, when they are incongruent with a subject's current state. Prior studies have mainly used externally given evaluative appraisals. In this study, 30 subjects used individual Negative and positive Self-Appraisals during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We additionally investigated the effects of such Self-Appraisals onto the subsequent perception of photos of the individual subjects. Both Self-Appraisal conditions activated dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to the neutral condition. Positive Self-Appraisal evoked stronger activity than Negative Self-Appraisal in the amygdala, ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex, whereas Negative Self-Appraisal was associated with increased activity in the occipital regions. Positive Self-Appraisal had no effect on the perception of a photo of oneself, whereas Negative appraisal increased activity in the anterior insula and parietal regions. Overall, positive Self-Appraisal activated more emotion-related brain regions, whereas Negative Self-Appraisal had a relatively stronger influence on perception-related brain activity. These findings could on the one hand explain the effect of Negative Self-Appraisal on the behavior in the real world and on the other hand support a stronger focus of psychotherapy on enhancing positive Self-Appraisals.
Michael J Crowley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the glass is half empty Negative self appraisal bias and attenuated neural response to positive self judgment in adolescence
Social Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Cynthia J Willner, Zachariah Brown, Barbara C Banz, Stefon J R Van Noordt, Allison C Waters, Michael J CrowleyAbstract:Substantial changes in cognitive-affective self-referential processing occur during adolescence. We studied the behavioral and ERP correlates of self-evaluation in healthy male and female adolescen...
Frances Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploring self-image during hot flushes using a semantic differential scale: associations between poor self-image, depression, flush frequency and flush distress.
Maturitas, 2002Co-Authors: Frances ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract Objectives: This study developed a semantic differential scale for assessing self-image during hot flushes, based on a previously published scale (Nursing Res. 35 (1986) 81). The objectives were to explore the sensitivity and validity of this scale, and to examine whether poor self-image during hot flushes is linked to flush distress, perceived control, flush frequency, flush chronicity, self-esteem and depression. Method: Two community samples of women with current experience of hot flushes completed a postal questionnaire. Results: The semantic differential scale was sensitive to individual differences in self-image, and was validated through its association with measured self-esteem using a standardised scale. Defining the self in Negative ways during flushes was highly predictive of flush distress. Poor self-image was also closely associated with depression. Correlations with perceived control, and flush frequency were weaker and did not reach significance in the second, smaller sample. Conclusion: The study extends previous findings that women low in self-esteem have more difficulty coping with menopausal changes, by showing that Negative Self-Appraisal during flushes (e.g. defining self as unattractive or dirty) are highly demoralising and associated with distress. The findings suggest that cognitive behavioural strategies of challenging and re-interpreting thoughts about self could be helpful in moderating the discomfort and stressfulness of hot flushes for women not taking HRT. However, the findings are based on relatively small, volunteer samples and require further replication.
Ronald M. Rapee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Post-Event Rumination and Negative Self-Appraisal in Social Phobia Before and After Treatment.
Journal of abnormal psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Maree J. Abbott, Ronald M. RapeeAbstract:This study investigated the relationship between Self-Appraisals of performance, symptom severity and post-event rumination in social phobia, and evaluated the effect of treatment on these variables. A socially phobic group and a nonanxious control group performed an impromptu speech and were told that their performance would be evaluated. Participants appraised their performance immediately after the speech and 1 week later, and the frequency of post-event rumination during the week following the speech was assessed. The socially phobic group maintained the Negative appraisals of their speech over the week, whereas the nonclinical group showed increased positivity about their performance. The socially phobic group also engaged in more Negative rumination than controls. Treatment improved perceptions of performance and reduced Negative rumination. These results are discussed in the light of cognitive models of social phobia. The role of post-event rumination in the maintenance of social phobia has recently been the focus of theoretical and empirical attention (Abbott & Rapee, 2003; Clark & Wells, 1995; Mellings & Alden, 2000; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). In relation to social phobia, post-event rumination refers to the tendency for socially phobic individuals to engage in Negative rumination following a social or performance event, such as a speech or social interaction (Clark & Wells, 1995). Clark and Wells’s cognitive model of social phobia includes post-event rumination as one of four primary processes involved in the maintenance of social anxiety, along with self-focused attention, in-situation safety behaviors and assumptions, and self-schemata. According to the Clark and Wells model, socially phobic individuals engage in a “post-mortem” of social events that features both anxious feelings and Negative cognitions relating to their self-perception. Clark and Wells argue that the cognitive content and associated affect of post-event rumination for socially phobic individuals is guided by the thoughts and feelings that were processed during the social or performance event itself. In other words, if socially phobic individuals believe that others perceive them as stupid and incompetent during a speech task, then the content of ruminations following their speech may include thoughts indicative of the belief that they have been evaluated Negatively, such as “I looked stupid” and “Everyone thinks I am a failure.” In addition, Clark and Wells also suggest that the process of post-event rumination may prompt past recollections of perceived social failures. These recollections may also play a role in maintaining and reinforcing the Negative affect and cognitions associated with social phobia. The processing of performance events in this way may also result in the perception of one’s performance worsening over time. Clark and Wells cite a disturbing case study reported by Heimberg (1991, cited in Clark & Wells, 1995) in which a socially phobic client was role-playing a hostess at a party. In the example, she spilled a drink and coped well with the initial anxiety, but later attempted suicide after dwelling on her performance. This graphic and sad example highlights the possibility that socially phobic individuals may perceive their performance in social situations more poorly over time.
