The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lin Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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brain responses to visceral and somatic stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome a central Nervous System Disorder
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 2005Co-Authors: Lin ChangAbstract:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) Disorder characterized by visceral hypersensitivity throughout the GI tract [1]. Most studies, however, have found normal to decreased somatic perception [2–6]. The exception is a recent study demonstrating that patients with IBS had rectal hypersensitivity and somatic hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli applied to the foot and to a lesser extent to the hand [7]. There has been considerable debate on the localization of visceral hypersensitivity (eg, peripheral versus central) in IBS, but there is evidence to support predominant central mechanisms. In recent years, an appreciation for central Nervous System (CNS) modulation of visceral and somatic stimuli has occurred, particularly with the growing number of functional neuroimaging studies. Recent applications of functional brain imaging techniques of positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI) have begun to more directly address the role of specific central networks in normal and altered processing of visceral and somatic related input. This article reviews the findings from functional neuroimaging studies that have evaluated central processing of visceral and somatic stimuli in healthy individuals and also provides evidence for alterations of these central networks to visceral and somatic stimuli in IBS.
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brain responses to visceral and somatic stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome a central Nervous System Disorder
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 2005Co-Authors: Lin ChangAbstract:In healthy subjects, the brain regions most consistently activated in visceral and somatic pain are the key regions in the central pain matrix,including the mid/anterior insula, subregions of the ACC, PFC, thalamus,and in some cases, pontine regions such as the dorsal pons and PAG. Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated evidence of altered regional brain activation responses during visceral and somatic stimuli in IBS that have been associated with perceptual differences. Although perceptual studies have shown increased sensitivity to rectosigmoid distension in IBS, most somatic pain studies have demonstrated normal or decreased sensitivity compared with controls; however, a recent study showed increased sensitivity to thermal heat. Altered brain responses in IBS,particularly to visceral stimuli, include activation of regions concerned with attentional processes and response selection, corticolimbic regions concerned with emotional and autonomic responses to stimuli, and subcortical regions receiving cortical projections from the latter and afferent input from the soma and viscera. Altered activations of these regions also may be present in the absence of a noxious visceral stimulus. Changes in rCBF of some of these regions have been associated with treatment response in IBS. With regard to differences in cortical processing of visceral versus somatic stimuli in IBS, there have been only two studies. Greater activations of the dorsal ACC, thalamus, and PFC have been shown with visceral stimuli compared with somatic stimuli in IBS. A plausible hypothesis for the observations from brain imaging studies is that IBS patients demonstrate a compromised activation of pain inhibition circuits including those of the cortico-pontine circuit but increased activation of limbic and paralimbic circuits that may be related to pain facilitation.
Floris A Van De Laar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incidence of neuralgic amyotrophy parsonage turner syndrome in a primary care setting a prospective cohort study
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Nens Van Alfen, Jeroen J J Van Eijk, Tessa Ennik, Sean O Flynn, Inge E G Nobacht, Jan T Groothuis, Sigrid Pillen, Floris A Van De LaarAbstract:textabstractObjective Neuralgic amyotrophy is considered a rare peripheral Nervous System Disorder but in practice seems grossly under recognized, which negatively affects care for these patients. In this study we prospectively counted the one-year incidence rate of classic neuralgic amyotrophy in a primary care setting. Methods In a prospective cohort study during the year 2012 we registered all new cases of neck, shoulder or arm complaints from two large primary care centers serving a population of 14,118. Prior to study, general practitioners received a short training on how to diagnose classic neuralgic amyotrophy. Neuralgic amyotrophy was defined according to published criteria irrespective of family history. Only patients with a classic phenotype were counted as definite cases. After inclusion, patients with suspected neuralgic amyotrophy who had not yet seen a neurologist were offered neurologic evaluation for diagnostic confirmation. Results Of the 492 patients identified with new onset neck, shoulder or arm complaints, 34 were suspected of having neuralgic amyotrophy. After neurologic evaluation the diagnosis was confirmed in 14 patients. This amounts to a one-year incidence rate for classic neuralgic amyotrophy of 1 per 1000. Conclusions Our findings suggest that neuralgic amyotrophy is 30-50 times more common than previously thought. Unawareness of the Disorder and its clinical presentation seems the most likely explanation for this difference. An incidence rate of 1 per 1000 and the long-term sequelae many patients suffer warrant more vigilance in diagnosing the Disorder, to pave the way for timely treatment and prevent complications.
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incidence of neuralgic amyotrophy parsonage turner syndrome in a primary care setting a prospective cohort study
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Nens Van Alfen, Jeroen J J Van Eijk, Tessa Ennik, Sean O Flynn, Inge E G Nobacht, Jan T Groothuis, Sigrid Pillen, Floris A Van De LaarAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Neuralgic amyotrophy is considered a rare peripheral Nervous System Disorder but in practice seems grossly under recognized, which negatively affects care for these patients. In this study we prospectively counted the one-year incidence rate of classic neuralgic amyotrophy in a primary care setting. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study during the year 2012 we registered all new cases of neck, shoulder or arm complaints from two large primary care centers serving a population of 14,118. Prior to study, general practitioners received a short training on how to diagnose classic neuralgic amyotrophy. Neuralgic amyotrophy was defined according to published criteria irrespective of family history. Only patients with a classic phenotype were counted as definite cases. After inclusion, patients with suspected neuralgic amyotrophy who had not yet seen a neurologist were offered neurologic evaluation for diagnostic confirmation. RESULTS: Of the 492 patients identified with new onset neck, shoulder or arm complaints, 34 were suspected of having neuralgic amyotrophy. After neurologic evaluation the diagnosis was confirmed in 14 patients. This amounts to a one-year incidence rate for classic neuralgic amyotrophy of 1 per 1000. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that neuralgic amyotrophy is 30-50 times more common than previously thought. Unawareness of the Disorder and its clinical presentation seems the most likely explanation for this difference. An incidence rate of 1 per 1000 and the long-term sequelae many patients suffer warrant more vigilance in diagnosing the Disorder, to pave the way for timely treatment and prevent complications.
Sara Ramezanpoor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a signal processing based analysis and prediction of seizure onset in patients with epilepsy
Oncotarget, 2016Co-Authors: Hamidreza Namazi, Vladimir V Kulish, Jamal Hussaini, Jalal Hussaini, Ali Delaviz, Fatemeh Delaviz, Shaghayegh Habibi, Sara RamezanpoorAbstract:One of the main areas of behavioural neuroscience is forecasting the human behaviour. Epilepsy is a central Nervous System Disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted, causing seizures or periods of unusual behaviour, sensations and sometimes loss of consciousness. An estimated 5% of the world population has epileptic seizure but there is not any method to cure it. More than 30% of people with epilepsy cannot control seizure. Epileptic seizure prediction, refers to forecasting the occurrence of epileptic seizures, is one of the most important but challenging problems in biomedical sciences, across the world. In this research we propose a new methodology which is based on studying the EEG signals using two measures, the Hurst exponent and fractal dimension. In order to validate the proposed method, it is applied to epileptic EEG signals of patients by computing the Hurst exponent and fractal dimension, and then the results are validated versus the reference data. The results of these analyses show that we are able to forecast the onset of a seizure on average of 25.76 seconds before the time of occurrence.
Tetsuya Suhara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative assessment of central Nervous System Disorder induced by prenatal x ray exposure using diffusion and manganese enhanced mri
NMR in Biomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Shigeyoshi Saito, Ichio Aoki, Kazuhiko Sawada, Tetsuya SuharaAbstract:Prenatal radiation exposure induces various central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders depending on the dose, affected region and gestation period. The goal of this study was to assess noninvasively a CNS development Disorder induced by prenatal X-ray exposure using quantitative manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transverse relaxation time (T2) maps in comparison with immunohistological staining. The changes in ΔR1 (increase in the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) from before and after MnCl2 administration.) induced by the Mn2+ contrast agent were evaluated in the CNS of normal and prenatally irradiated rats. ADC and T2 were also compared with the histological results obtained using hematoxylin and eosin (to estimate cell density), activated caspase-3 (apoptotic cells) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (proliferation of astrocytes/astroglia). We found the following: (i) the decreased Mn2+ uptake (indicated by a smaller ΔR1) for radiation-exposed rats was predominantly correlated with a decrease in cell viability (apoptotic cytopathogenicity) and CNS cell density after prenatal radiation exposure; (ii) the longer T2 and ADC were associated with a decrease in CNS cell density and apoptotic alteration after radiation exposure. In addition to the slight proliferation of astroglia (+58%), there was a substantial decrease in cell density (−78%) and an excessive increase in apoptotic cells (+613%) in our prenatal radiation exposure model. The results suggest that MEMRI in the prenatal X-ray exposure model predominantly reflected the decrease in cell density and viability rather than the proliferation of astroglia. In conclusion, quantitative MEMRI with ADC/T2 mapping provides objective information for the in vivo assessment of cellular level alterations by prenatal radiation exposure, and has the potential to be used as a standard approach for the evaluation of the cellular damage of radiotherapy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Takashi Taguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and central Nervous System Disorder, treated successfully with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 1997Co-Authors: Mariko Ogino, Shigeru Kohno, Masahiro Kawatomi, Kenichi Miyazaki, Ryousuke Shimamine, Satoru Namie, Masanobu Miyazaki, Yoshiyuki Ozono, Takashi Harada, Takashi TaguchiAbstract:We report on a 15-year-old girl who had Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, and central Nervous System Disorder including an episode of convulsions. Red cell fragmentation was observed in the peripheral blood, but only a slight abnormality was noted in the coagulative/fibrinolytic System. She was treated with corticosteroid pulse therapy, hemodialysis, and plasmapheresis and anticoagulants. The severe anemia and thrombocytopenia responded to immunoadsorption. The renal biopsy specimen showed a thickening of the small arteries with a narrowing of the lumens, and an immunofluorescent study revealed deposits of fibrinogen in the renal blood vessels. A provisional diagnosis of SLE with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was made. A magnetic resonance image of the brain obtained at the time of a convulsion showed multiple, scattered high-intensity areas on the rim of the cerebral cortex; these disappeared after treatment. These findings were strikingly similar to those observed in central Nervous System lupus. We describe a case of SLE with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia that provides an insight into the mechanisms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and SLE that affect the central Nervous System.