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Maria Oliviera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peripheral nerve grafts promoting central Nervous System Regeneration after spinal cord injury in the primate.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2002Co-Authors: Allan D. Levi, Hector Dancausse, Suzanne Duncan, Laura Horkey, Maria OlivieraAbstract:Object. Partial restoration of hindlimb function in adult rats following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been demonstrated using a variety of transplantation techniques. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to determine whether strategies designed to promote Regeneration in the rat can yield similar results in the primate; and 2) to establish whether central Nervous System (CNS) Regeneration will influence voluntary grasping and locomotor function in the nonhuman primate. Methods. Ten cynomologus monkeys underwent T-11 laminectomy and resection of a 1-cm length of hemispinal cord. Five monkeys received six intercostal nerve autografts and fibrin glue containing acidic fibroblast growth factor (2.1 µg/ml) whereas controls underwent the identical laminectomy procedure but did not receive the nerve grafts. At 4 months postgrafting, the spinal cord—graft site was sectioned and immunostained for peripheral myelin proteins, biotinylated dextran amine, and tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas the midpoint of t...
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Peripheral nerve grafts promoting central Nervous System Regeneration after spinal cord injury in the primate.
Journal of neurosurgery, 2002Co-Authors: Allan D. Levi, Hector Dancausse, Suzanne Duncan, Laura Horkey, Maria OlivieraAbstract:Partial restoration of hindlimb function in adult rats following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been demonstrated using a variety of transplantation techniques. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to determine whether strategies designed to promote Regeneration in the rat can yield similar results in the primate; and 2) to establish whether central Nervous System (CNS) Regeneration will influence voluntary grasping and locomotor function in the nonhuman primate. Ten cynomologus monkeys underwent T-11 laminectomy and resection of a 1-cm length of hemispinal cord. Five monkeys received six intercostal nerve autografts and fibrin glue containing acidic fibroblast growth factor (2.1 microg/ml) whereas controls underwent the identical laminectomy procedure but did not receive the nerve grafts. At 4 months postgrafting, the spinal cord-graft site was sectioned and immunostained for peripheral myelin proteins, biotinylated dextran amine, and tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas the midpoint of the graft was analyzed histologically for the total number of myelinated axons within and around the grafts. The animals underwent pre- and postoperative testing for changes in voluntary hindlimb grasping and gait. 1) A reproducible model of SCI in the primate was developed. 2) Spontaneous recovery of the ipsilateral hindlimb function occurred in both graft- and nongraft-treated monkeys over time without evidence of recovering the ability for voluntary tasks. 3) Regeneration of the CNS from proximal spinal axons into the peripheral nerve grafts was observed; however, the grafts did not promote Regeneration beyond the lesion site. 4) The grafts significantly enhanced (p < 0.0001) the Regeneration of myelinated axons into the region of the hemisected spinal cord compared with the nongrafted animals.
Allan D. Levi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peripheral nerve grafts promoting central Nervous System Regeneration after spinal cord injury in the primate.
Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2002Co-Authors: Allan D. Levi, Hector Dancausse, Suzanne Duncan, Laura Horkey, Maria OlivieraAbstract:Object. Partial restoration of hindlimb function in adult rats following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been demonstrated using a variety of transplantation techniques. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to determine whether strategies designed to promote Regeneration in the rat can yield similar results in the primate; and 2) to establish whether central Nervous System (CNS) Regeneration will influence voluntary grasping and locomotor function in the nonhuman primate. Methods. Ten cynomologus monkeys underwent T-11 laminectomy and resection of a 1-cm length of hemispinal cord. Five monkeys received six intercostal nerve autografts and fibrin glue containing acidic fibroblast growth factor (2.1 µg/ml) whereas controls underwent the identical laminectomy procedure but did not receive the nerve grafts. At 4 months postgrafting, the spinal cord—graft site was sectioned and immunostained for peripheral myelin proteins, biotinylated dextran amine, and tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas the midpoint of t...
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Peripheral nerve grafts promoting central Nervous System Regeneration after spinal cord injury in the primate.
Journal of neurosurgery, 2002Co-Authors: Allan D. Levi, Hector Dancausse, Suzanne Duncan, Laura Horkey, Maria OlivieraAbstract:Partial restoration of hindlimb function in adult rats following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been demonstrated using a variety of transplantation techniques. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to determine whether strategies designed to promote Regeneration in the rat can yield similar results in the primate; and 2) to establish whether central Nervous System (CNS) Regeneration will influence voluntary grasping and locomotor function in the nonhuman primate. Ten cynomologus monkeys underwent T-11 laminectomy and resection of a 1-cm length of hemispinal cord. Five monkeys received six intercostal nerve autografts and fibrin glue containing acidic fibroblast growth factor (2.1 microg/ml) whereas controls underwent the identical laminectomy procedure but did not receive the nerve grafts. At 4 months postgrafting, the spinal cord-graft site was sectioned and immunostained for peripheral myelin proteins, biotinylated dextran amine, and tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas the midpoint of the graft was analyzed histologically for the total number of myelinated axons within and around the grafts. The animals underwent pre- and postoperative testing for changes in voluntary hindlimb grasping and gait. 1) A reproducible model of SCI in the primate was developed. 2) Spontaneous recovery of the ipsilateral hindlimb function occurred in both graft- and nongraft-treated monkeys over time without evidence of recovering the ability for voluntary tasks. 3) Regeneration of the CNS from proximal spinal axons into the peripheral nerve grafts was observed; however, the grafts did not promote Regeneration beyond the lesion site. 4) The grafts significantly enhanced (p < 0.0001) the Regeneration of myelinated axons into the region of the hemisected spinal cord compared with the nongrafted animals.
Mark H Tuszynski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spinal cord injury plasticity Regeneration and the challenge of translational drug development
Trends in Neurosciences, 2009Co-Authors: Armin Blesch, Mark H TuszynskiAbstract:Over the past three decades, multiple mechanisms limiting central Nervous System Regeneration have been identified. Here, we address plasticity arising from spared Systems as a particularly important and often unrecognized mechanism that potentially contributes to functional recovery in studies of 'Regeneration' after spinal cord injury. We then discuss complexities involved in translating findings from animal models to human clinical trials in spinal cord injury; current strategies might be too limited in scope to yield detectable benefits in the complex and variable arena of human injury. Our animal models are imperfect, and the very variability that we attempt to control in the course of conducting rigorous research might, ironically, limit our ability to identify the most promising therapies in the human arena. Therapeutic candidates are most likely to have a detectable effect in human trials if they elicit benefits in severe contusion and larger animal models and pass the test of independent replication.
Anna Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Response to letter to editor from Dr Walshe
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2014Co-Authors: Anna WilliamsAbstract:I am delighted that Dr. Walshe has written to me with a comment on my article about research advances in central Nervous System Regeneration,1 where I concentrate on remyelination—it is a pleasure to correspond with such an important figure in the history of Wilson’s disease. I think that Dr. Walshe is correct that the dogma ‘central Nervous …
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central Nervous System Regeneration where are we
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Anna WilliamsAbstract:Until relatively recently, we thought that the human central Nervous System (CNS) was unable to regenerate. However, with the initial discovery of remyelination within the brain and the spinal cord in cat (Bunge, Bunge and Ris. Ultrastructural study of remyelination in an experimental lesion in adult cat spinal cord. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1961;10:67-94.) and later in human (Prineas and Connell. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1979;5:22-31.), we know that Regeneration can be quite extensive. This review will concentrate on CNS remyelination, indicating why it is important for various human neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, and relate how stem cells may be involved--both in endogenous repair and in proposed therapies.
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Central Nervous System Regeneration—where are we?
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2013Co-Authors: Anna WilliamsAbstract:Until relatively recently, we thought that the human central Nervous System (CNS) was unable to regenerate. However, with the initial discovery of remyelination within the brain and the spinal cord in cat (Bunge, Bunge and Ris. Ultrastructural study of remyelination in an experimental lesion in adult cat spinal cord. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1961;10:67-94.) and later in human (Prineas and Connell. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1979;5:22-31.), we know that Regeneration can be quite extensive. This review will concentrate on CNS remyelination, indicating why it is important for various human neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, and relate how stem cells may be involved--both in endogenous repair and in proposed therapies.
Patrick Aebischer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tissue-Engineering approaches for central and peripheral Nervous-System Regeneration.
MRS Bulletin, 1996Co-Authors: Markus Borkenhagen, Patrick AebischerAbstract:The Nervous System of the human body can be divided into two parts: the central and the peripheral Nervous System. While the central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain and the spinal cord, the peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of all the nerve branches exiting the spinal cord or brain stem that process information from our environment to the CNS and vice versa. The main extension that passes all incoming information to the next neuron or a peripheral target is called an axon. Axons can be as long as 1 meter, as in the case of axons sending electrical signals to the toes. All incoming information is received by smaller structures called dendrites. Axons are wrapped with glial cells, Schwann cells in the PNS, and oligodendrocytes in the CNS. These cells are responsible for the deposition of myelin, a powerful insulator. Each glial cell is covering an axonal segment of about 1-2 mm. An unmyelinated gap separates two glial cells. Action potentials are generated at those gaps. This electrical signal jumps from one unmyelinated gap to the next, giving rise to conduction velocities as fast as 1 m/s. In the PNS, axons are grouped together into fascicles, consisting of a layer of connective tissue surrounding bundles of axons. Several of these fascicles form a peripheral nerve surrounded by another connective tissue layer named epineurium. The epineurium is responsible for the integrity of the overall structure of a peripheral nerve. While the PNS shows regenerative capabilities, this is in general not the case for the CNS. The mechanisms explaining the poor Regeneration capabilities of the CNS have started to be elucidated. The expression of inhibitory molecules in the mammalian-adult Nervous System seems to be an essential component in the inherent lack of CNS Regeneration. Examples for possible applications of materials Systems addressing certain issues of PNS and CNS Regeneration are presented in the following sections.