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D. K. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enzyme activity in the Nervous Tissue of lymnaea acuminata fed to different bait formulations
    Chemistry: A European Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Pradeep Kumar, Vipin Kumar Singh, D. K. Singh
    Abstract:

    Lymnaeid snails transmit medical and veterinary trematodiases, mainly fascioliasis. Vector specificity of fasciolid parasites defines disease distribution and characteristics. Control of fascioliasis is to de-link the life cycle of fluke, by destroying the Lymnaeid snails. Different Bait formulations were fed to snail Lymnaea acuminata in clear glass aquaria having diameter of 30 cm. Snail attractant containing bait formulations were prepared from different binary combination of amino acid (valine, aspartic acid, lysine and alanine 10 mM) in 100 ml of 2% agar solution + sub-lethal (20% and 60% of 24h LC50 and 96h LC50) doses of different molluscicides (eugenol, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and limonene). Snails were fed bait with sub-lethal concentration of different molluscicides inside the snail attractant pellets, which caused a significant inhibition in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the Nervous Tissue of the vector snail L. acuminata. Combination of different amino acids such as valine + aspartic acid, lysine + valine, lysine + alanine and alanine + valine was used as attractant with active molluscicidal components. Maximum inhibition in ALP (23.57% of control) and AChE (49.48% of control) activity were observed in the Nervous Tissue of the L. acuminata exposed to 60% of 96h LC50 of ferulic acid, umbelliferone, respectively in the bait pellets containing valine + aspartic acid as attractant.

  • Inhibition kinetics of certain enzymes in the Nervous Tissue of vector snail Lymnaea acuminata by active molluscicidal components of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula.
    Chemosphere, 2011
    Co-Authors: Aparna Upadhyay, D. K. Singh
    Abstract:

    Effect of active molluscicidal components of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activity in the Nervous Tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata were studied. In vivo and in vitro exposure of saponin (active component of S. mukorossi pericarp) and tannic acid (active component of T. chebula) significantly inhibited the AChE, ACP and ALP activity in the Nervous Tissue of L. acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicate that saponin and tannic acid caused competitive and competitive-non-competitive inhibition of AChE, respectively. Saponin also caused competitive and competitive-non-competitive inhibition of ACP and ALP, respectively, whereas tannic acid caused competitive-non-competitive inhibition of ACP and ALP. Thus the inhibition of AChE, ACP and ALP by saponin and tannic acid in the Nervous Tissue of L. acuminata may be the cause of molluscicidal activity of S. mukorossi and T. chebula.

  • Enzyme Inhibition by Molluscicidal Components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. in the Nervous Tissue of Snail Lymnaea acuminata
    Enzyme Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Preetee Jaiswal, Vinay Kumar Singh, Pradeep Kumar, D. K. Singh
    Abstract:

    This study was designed to investigate the effects of molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) on certain enzymes in the Nervous Tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck (Lymnaeidae). In vivo and in vitro treatments of trimyristin and myristicin (active molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt.) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the Nervous Tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicates that both the trimyristin and myristicin caused competitive noncompetitive inhibition of AChE. Trimyristin caused uncompetitive and competitive/noncompetitive inhibitions of ACP and ALP, respectively whereas the myristicin caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of ACP and ALP, respectively. Thus results from the present study suggest that inhibition of AChE, ACP, and ALP by trimyristin and myristicin in the snail Lymnaea acuminata may be the cause of the molluscicidal activity of Myristica fragrans.

  • ENZYME INHIBITION BY HERBAL MOLLUSCICIDES IN THE Nervous Tissue OF THE SNAIL LYMNAEA ACUMINATA
    2003
    Co-Authors: A Singh, D. K. Singh
    Abstract:

    The effect of Annona squamosa, Lawsonia inermis and their combination with other herbal molluscicides were studied on different enzyme activity in the Nervous Tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. Twenty-Four hour in vivo exposure to 40% and 80% of 24 h LC50 of plant derived molluscicides and their combination with other molluscicides such as Cedrus deodara, Azadirachta indica oil, Allium sativum, Polianthes tuberosa bulb and oleoresin of Zingiber officinale and acetogenins caused a significant reduction in the activity of acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome oxidase and Na + /K + ATPase in the Nervous Tissue of L. acuminata. Combination of C. deodara with A. squamosa or L. inermis inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in the Nervous Tissue up to 60% and 58.70% of control, respectively. Acetogenin was more effective against Na + /K + ATPase and cytochrome oxidase. Inhibition of these enzymes even at lower concentrations of plant derived molluscicides present in binary mixture with respect to their single treatment inhibit the enzyme activity nearly up to same level.

Michael Bülte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection of central Nervous Tissue in meat products an immunohistochemical approach
    Nutrition Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Sabine Wenisch, Rico Leiser, Ernst Lücker, Erich Eigenbrodt, Michael Bülte
    Abstract:

    Abstract With regard to bovine spongiforme encephalopathy the consumers' loss of confidence in meat and meat products as well as the associated economic loss result from the lack of adequate methods for the detection of central Nervous Tissue in meat and meat products within the scope of official food control. The present study has documented for the first time a highly specific immunohistochemical method for the detection of these unwanted ingredients in meat products. Cooked sausages with varying additions of bovine brain (0%, 7.4%, 13.3%) and a ‘Bregenwurst’ containing 15% of porcine brain were produced to serve as reference material. Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies against neuron specific enolase (γγ - enolase) specifically revealed the central Nervous Tissue added. Advantages of the immunohistochemical procedure are the low expenditure of time and cost, the low degree of methodological difficulty, and the high specificity of the immunoreaction. Beyond that, food histology as well as neurohistological staining techniques must be regarded as insufficient methods owing to the high degree of technology-induced destruction of the central Nervous Tissue.

Thomas Seebeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central Nervous Tissue with trypanosoma brucei brucei
    International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Luc Stoppini, Lorena Parisi, Reto Brun, Sophie Duport, Pierre-alain Buchs, Dominique Muller, Thomas Seebeck
    Abstract:

    We recently described a new procedure to grow Nervous Tissue as organotypic culture. The main feature of these slice cultures is to maintain a well preserved, three-dimensional organisation of the central Nervous Tissue. As these cultures can be kept for several weeks (up to three months), we have used this in vitro approach to study the complex interactions between host Tissue and parasites during late stages of cerebral African trypanosomiasis. Light and electron microscopical studies, as well as electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that the structure and function of the Nervous Tissue is not severely affected even after several weeks of trypanosome infection. The presence of a large number of parasites does not seem to be deleterious to neuronal survival. Secondly, most of the trypanosomes are located around the periphery of the Nervous Tissue, but many of them also penetrate into the Nervous parenchyma. Thirdly, trypanosomes with well-conserved morphology are found within the cytoplasm of glial cells, which in some cases were identified as astrocytes. These "intracellular parasites" seem to actively invade the target cells. Our study demonstrates that the presence of proliferating trypanosomes does not per se interfere with the neural activity of CNS Tissues. Secondly, it provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first in vitro demonstration of intracellular forms of African trypanosomes.

Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Standardization of in vitro Nervous Tissue culture for honeybee: A high specificity toxicological approach
    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2019
    Co-Authors: Patricia Azevedo, Nicole Pavan Butolo, Luciano Delmondes De Alencar, Hellen Maria Soares-lima, Victor Ribeiro Sales, Osmar Malaspina, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bees are important pollinators that help to maintain the biodiversity of wild and cultivated plants. However, the increased and inappropriate use of agrochemicals has caused an imbalance in the populations of these insects visiting flowers for pollen and nectar collection. Therefore, new research methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of pesticides and their impacts on the brains of bees, such as neurotoxicity and cellular changes, in response to different active characteristics and dosages of insecticides are necessary. Thus, with the aim of developing tests with greater specificity at the level of cells or Tissues, this study sought to standardize a method for the in vitro culture of the Nervous Tissue of Apis mellifera. For this purpose, the brains of six foragers bees were transferred to three different insect cell culture media and it supplementation with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS): Grace, Schneider, Leibovitz, Grace + FBS, Schneider + FBS and Leibovitz + FBS media for each collection time. Nervous Tissue was collected after 1, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation in a humidified CO2 incubator at 32 °C, and histological sections of the organs were analysed. The results showed that Leibovitz medium and Leibovitz medium + serum are potential culture media for the cultivation of Nervous Tissue, since they resulted in less Tissue spacing and Tissue disarrangement. Therefore, additional supplements are necessary to obtain an ideal medium for the cultivation of A. mellifera Nervous Tissue.

Dayashankar Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enzyme inhibition by molluscicidal component of areca catechu and carica papaya in the Nervous Tissue of vector snail lymnaea acuminata
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Preetee Jaiswal, Vinay Kumar Singh, Dayashankar Singh
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present study toxic effects of active molluscicidal component of Areca catechu and Carica papaya was studied on certain enzymes in the Nervous Tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata. In in vivo and in vitro exposure of arecoline (active component of Areca catechu seed) and papain (C. papaya latex and seed) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activity in the Nervous Tissue of L. acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicate that arecoline and papain caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of AChE, respectively, whereas arecoline caused competitive–non-competitive inhibition of ACP/ALP and papain caused non-competitive inhibition of ACP/ALP. Thus the inhibition of AChE, ACP and ALP by arecoline and papain in the Nervous Tissue of L. acuminata may be the cause of molluscicidal activity of A. catechu and C. papaya, respectively.