The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Juan Carlos Vera Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the beginnings of fruit tree cultivation in the iberian peninsula plant remains from the city of huelva southern spain
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2017Co-Authors: Guillem Perezjorda, Leonor Penachocarro, Marcos Garcia Fernandez, Juan Carlos Vera RodriguezAbstract:The combination of an archaeobotanical analysis from two different sites in the city of Huelva (Spain) and the identification of vine fields in the same area suggests that different fruit tree species (grapevine, olive, almond and pomegranate) and vegetables such as melon were introduced into the Iberian peninsula in the transition from the 9th to the 8th century cal bc. These dates represent the earliest chronology for arboriculture within the Iberian Peninsula. The material has been preserved by waterlogging allowing the preservation of a wide variety of species which indicate the development of fruit tree cultivation. The archaeological context provides information on the connections between this innovation and the Phoenician communities that established in the region in search of metal resources. Fruit tree cultivation, and particularly wine production, had a great impact on the local agriculture which was traditionally based on the production of annual Crops. The New Crops soon became an essential agricultural element of the communities that lived in the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula. From the 8th century cal bc onwards, agricultural production would be mostly market oriented.
Leonor Penachocarro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the origin of rural landscapes looking for physico chemical fingerprints of historical agricultural practice in the atlantic basque country n spain
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Josu Narbartehernandez, Eneko Iriarte, Carlos Rad, Angel Carranchoalonso, Penelope Gonzalezsamperiz, Leonor Penachocarro, Juan Antonio QuiroscastilloAbstract:Evolution and change in agricultural practice is a major factor in the codification of social relations and represents one of the main resources employed by human societies to establish a durable relationship with their environment. Using a multi-proxy integrated approach, this paper seeks to decipher the long-term dynamics that have shaped agricultural landscapes in the Basque Country (N Spain). Social and economic indicators (archival records, toponymy and oral sources) are used along with geological core sampling (geochemistry, magnetic, palynological and carpological analyses) to reconstruct a diachronic sequence of human settlement and agricultural management in the village of Aizarna over the last ~1500 years. The oldest records obtained refer to non-agricultural human activities dating back to the Roman period. Later on, traces of agricultural landscape-transformation can be divided into four main phases: 1) the onset of terraced agriculture, defined by the clearance and terracing of previous forested areas during the Early Middle Ages; 2) a Late Medieval reorganisation, with New terraces being (re)constructed close to dispersed farmsteads, linked to the emergence of the modern rural landscape; 3) a New model of intensive polyculture developed during the Modern period as a consequence of the introduction of New Crops of American origin; and 4) the mechanisation and commercialisation of the agricultural production over the 20th century. These results provide a valuable pathway for the investigation of currently inhabited rural contexts, and offer, for the first time in this region, an overview on long-term landscape construction in the Atlantic areas of the Basque Country.
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the beginnings of fruit tree cultivation in the iberian peninsula plant remains from the city of huelva southern spain
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2017Co-Authors: Guillem Perezjorda, Leonor Penachocarro, Marcos Garcia Fernandez, Juan Carlos Vera RodriguezAbstract:The combination of an archaeobotanical analysis from two different sites in the city of Huelva (Spain) and the identification of vine fields in the same area suggests that different fruit tree species (grapevine, olive, almond and pomegranate) and vegetables such as melon were introduced into the Iberian peninsula in the transition from the 9th to the 8th century cal bc. These dates represent the earliest chronology for arboriculture within the Iberian Peninsula. The material has been preserved by waterlogging allowing the preservation of a wide variety of species which indicate the development of fruit tree cultivation. The archaeological context provides information on the connections between this innovation and the Phoenician communities that established in the region in search of metal resources. Fruit tree cultivation, and particularly wine production, had a great impact on the local agriculture which was traditionally based on the production of annual Crops. The New Crops soon became an essential agricultural element of the communities that lived in the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula. From the 8th century cal bc onwards, agricultural production would be mostly market oriented.
John C Larkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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making plants break a sweat the structure function and evolution of plant salt glands
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Maheshi Dassanayake, John C LarkinAbstract:Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing New Crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in fourteen angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least twelve times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using New genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in Crops.
Guillem Perezjorda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the beginnings of fruit tree cultivation in the iberian peninsula plant remains from the city of huelva southern spain
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2017Co-Authors: Guillem Perezjorda, Leonor Penachocarro, Marcos Garcia Fernandez, Juan Carlos Vera RodriguezAbstract:The combination of an archaeobotanical analysis from two different sites in the city of Huelva (Spain) and the identification of vine fields in the same area suggests that different fruit tree species (grapevine, olive, almond and pomegranate) and vegetables such as melon were introduced into the Iberian peninsula in the transition from the 9th to the 8th century cal bc. These dates represent the earliest chronology for arboriculture within the Iberian Peninsula. The material has been preserved by waterlogging allowing the preservation of a wide variety of species which indicate the development of fruit tree cultivation. The archaeological context provides information on the connections between this innovation and the Phoenician communities that established in the region in search of metal resources. Fruit tree cultivation, and particularly wine production, had a great impact on the local agriculture which was traditionally based on the production of annual Crops. The New Crops soon became an essential agricultural element of the communities that lived in the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula. From the 8th century cal bc onwards, agricultural production would be mostly market oriented.
Per Hofvander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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platform Crops amenable to genetic engineering a requirement for successful production of bio industrial oils through genetic engineering
Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Anders S. Carlsson, Li-hua Zhu, Mariette Andersson, Per HofvanderAbstract:Abstract Plants producing industrial oils of high quality and low price will facilitate a switch to vegetable oil-based raw materials from the current petroleum-based in the chemical industry. Oils have qualities designed to meet the stringent requirements of the industry, thus it is necessary that they are kept separate from farming of food staples. It is therefore a sensible strategy to develop such production in oil Crops dedicated for industrial production. Genes for the special features of the non-food industry oil are missing and must be brought to plants by genetic engineering to improve or develop New Crops tailoring the industry's needs. This requires that the crop platforms designated for the industrial oil production will need to be transformable. This review provides an overview of potential non-food oil Crops that could become production platforms for oil of industrial quality. It also gives a short state of the art regarding the transformation of these plants producing quality non-food oil.