The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Naomi Breslau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
chrnb3 is more strongly associated with fagerstrom test for cigarette Dependence based Nicotine Dependence than cigarettes per day phenotype definition changes genome wide association studies results
Addiction, 2012Co-Authors: John P. Rice, Naomi Breslau, Sarah M Hartz, Kathleen K Bucholz, Kimberly F Doheny, Arpana Agrawal, Laura Almasy, Siiri N Bennett, Howard J Edenberg, Alison GoateAbstract:Aims Nicotine Dependence is a highly heritable disorder associated with severe medical morbidity and mortality. Recent meta-analyses have found novel genetic loci associated with cigarettes per day (CPD), a proxy for Nicotine Dependence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of phenotype definition (i.e. CPD versus Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score as a measure of Nicotine Dependence) on genome-wide association studies of Nicotine Dependence. Design Genome-wide association study. Setting Community sample. Participants A total of 3365 subjects who had smoked at least one cigarette were selected from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). Of the participants, 2267 were European Americans, 999 were African Americans. Measurements Nicotine Dependence defined by FTCD score ≥4, CPD. Findings The genetic locus most strongly associated with Nicotine Dependence was rs1451240 on chromosome 8 in the region of CHRNB3 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, P = 2.4 × 10−8]. This association was further strengthened in a meta-analysis with a previously published data set (combined P = 6.7 × 10−16, total n = 4200). When CPD was used as an alternate phenotype, the association no longer reached genome-wide significance (β = −0.08, P = 0.0004). Conclusions Daily cigarette consumption and the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence show different associations with polymorphisms in genetic loci.
-
Multiple cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes affect Nicotine Dependence risk in African and European Americans
Genes Brain and Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Nancy L Saccone, Dorothy Hatsukami, Richard A Grucza, Naomi Breslau, Eric O. Johnson, Tae-hwi Schwantes-an, John P. Rice, Alison Goate, Laura J BierutAbstract:Several independent studies show that the chromosome 15q25.1 region, which contains the CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 gene cluster, harbors variants strongly associated with Nicotine Dependence, other smoking behaviors, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We investigated whether variants in other cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRN) genes affect the risk of Nicotine Dependence in a new sample of African Americans (AAs) (N = 710). We also analyzed this AA sample together with a European American (EA) sample (N = 2062, 1608 of which have been previously studied), allowing for differing effects in the two populations. Cases are current Nicotine-dependent smokers and controls are non-dependent smokers. Variants in or near CHRND–CHRNG, CHRNA7 and CHRNA10 show modest association with Nicotine Dependence risk in the AA sample. In addition, CHRNA4, CHRNB3–CHRNA6 and CHRNB1 show association in at least one population. CHRNG and CHRNA4 harbor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have opposite directions of effect in the two populations. In each of the population samples, these loci substantially increase the trait variation explained, although no loci meet Bonferroni-corrected significance in the AA sample alone. The trait variation explained by three key associated SNPs in CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 is 1.9% in EAs and also 1.9% in AAs; this increases to 4.5% in EAs and 7.3% in AAs when we add six variants representing associations at other CHRN genes. Multiple nicotinic receptor subunit genes outside chromosome 15q25 are likely to be important in the biological processes and development of Nicotine Dependence, and some of these risks may be shared across diverse populations.
-
the chrna5 chrna3 chrnb4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for Nicotine Dependence in african americans and in european americans
Cancer Research, 2009Co-Authors: Nancy L Saccone, Weimin Duan, Jen C Wang, Scott F Saccone, John P Budde, Richard A Grucza, Naomi Breslau, Eric O. Johnson, Robert CulverhouseAbstract:Genetic association studies have shown the importance of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q24-25.1 for the risk of Nicotine Dependence, smoking, and lung cancer in populations of European descent. We have carried out a detailed study of this region using dense genotyping in both European-Americans and African-Americans. We genotyped 75 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one sequencing-discovered SNP in an African-American sample ( N = 710) and in a European-American sample ( N = 2,062). Cases were Nicotine-dependent and controls were nondependent smokers. The nonsynonymous CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 is the most significant SNP associated with Nicotine Dependence in the full sample of 2,772 subjects [ P = 4.49 × 10 −8 ; odds ratio (OR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–1.61] as well as in African-Americans only ( P = 0.015; OR, 2.04; 1.15–3.62) and in European-Americans only ( P = 4.14 × 10 −7 ; OR, 1.40; 1.23–1.59). Other SNPs that have been shown to affect the mRNA levels of CHRNA5 in European-Americans are associated with Nicotine Dependence in African-Americans but not in European-Americans. The CHRNA3 SNP rs578776, which has a low correlation with rs16969968, is associated with Nicotine Dependence in European-Americans but not in African-Americans. Less common SNPs (frequency ≤ 5%) are also associated with Nicotine Dependence. In summary, multiple variants in this gene cluster contribute to Nicotine Dependence risk, and some are also associated with functional effects on CHRNA5 . The nonsynonymous SNP rs16969968, a known risk variant in populations of European-descent, is also significantly associated with risk in African-Americans. Additional SNPs contribute to risk in distinct ways in these two populations. [Cancer Res 2009;69(17):6848–56]
-
cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes implicated in a Nicotine Dependence association study targeting 348 candidate genes with 3713 snps
Human Molecular Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Scott F Saccone, Gary A. Chase, Pamela Af Madden, Karel Konvicka, Anthony L. Hinrichs, Nancy L Saccone, Naomi Breslau, Eric O. Johnson, Ovide F. PomerleauAbstract:Nicotine Dependence is one of the world's leading causes of preventable death. To discover genetic variants that influence risk for Nicotine Dependence, we targeted over 300 candidate genes and analyzed 3713 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1050 cases and 879 controls. The Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess Dependence, in which cases were required to have an FTND of 4 or more. The control criterion was strict: control subjects must have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes and had an FTND of 0 during the heaviest period of smoking. After correcting for multiple testing by controlling the false discovery rate, several cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes dominated the top signals. The strongest association was from an SNP representing CHRNB3, the beta3 nicotinic receptor subunit gene (P = 9.4 x 10(-5)). Biologically, the most compelling evidence for a risk variant came from a non-synonymous SNP in the alpha5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene CHRNA5 (P = 6.4 x 10(-4)). This SNP exhibited evidence of a recessive mode of inheritance, resulting in individuals having a 2-fold increase in risk of developing Nicotine Dependence once exposed to cigarette smoking. Other genes among the top signals were KCNJ6 and GABRA4. This study represents one of the most powerful and extensive studies of Nicotine Dependence to date and has found novel risk loci that require confirmation by replication studies.
-
novel genes identified in a high density genome wide association study for Nicotine Dependence
Human Molecular Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Laura J Bierut, Dorothy Hatsukami, Pamela Af Madden, Sarah Bertelsen, Ovide F. Pomerleau, Naomi Breslau, Gary E Swan, Eric O. Johnson, Joni L Rutter, Louis FoxAbstract:Tobacco use is a leading contributor to disability and death worldwide, and genetic factors contribute in part to the development of Nicotine Dependence. To identify novel genes for which natural variation contributes to the development of Nicotine Dependence, we performed a comprehensive genome wide association study using Nicotine dependent smokers as cases and non-dependent smokers as controls. To allow the efficient, rapid, and cost effective screen of the genome, the study was carried out using a two-stage design. In the first stage, genotyping of over 2.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was completed in case and control pools. In the second stage, we selected SNPs for individual genotyping based on the most significant allele frequency differences between cases and controls from the pooled results. Individual genotyping was performed in 1050 cases and 879 controls using 31 960 selected SNPs. The primary analysis, a logistic regression model with covariates of age, gender, genotype and gender by genotype interaction, identified 35 SNPs with P-values less than 10(-4) (minimum P-value 1.53 x 10(-6)). Although none of the individual findings is statistically significant after correcting for multiple tests, additional statistical analyses support the existence of true findings in this group. Our study nominates several novel genes, such as Neurexin 1 (NRXN1), in the development of Nicotine Dependence while also identifying a known candidate gene, the beta3 nicotinic cholinergic receptor. This work anticipates the future directions of large-scale genome wide association studies with state-of-the-art methodological approaches and sharing of data with the scientific community.
Saul Shiffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
validation of the Nicotine Dependence syndrome scale ndss a criterion group design contrasting chippers and regular smokers
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2005Co-Authors: Saul Shiffman, Michael A SayetteAbstract:The Nicotine Dependence syndrome scale (NDSS) is a new multi-dimensional measure of Nicotine Dependence, yielding five scores for different aspects of Dependence as well as a total score. In this study, we tested the NDSS in a young adult sample (mean age = 24), using an extreme-groups comparison between non-dependent smokers (chippers, n = 123) and regular smokers (n = 130). Scores on each NDSS subscale strongly discriminated between the groups, with the NDSS-total discriminating them almost perfectly. The subscales were generally independent discriminators, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the subscales. NDSS scales also discriminated levels of intake and Dependence within the chippers group, suggesting that the scales were sensitive to individual differences even at the very low end of the Dependence continuum.
-
the Nicotine Dependence syndrome scale a multidimensional measure of Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2004Co-Authors: Saul Shiffman, Andrew J Waters, Mary HickcoxAbstract:We report the development of a new multidimensional questionnaire to measure Nicotine Dependence, based on Edwards's syndromal conceptualization of Dependence. We present three studies. In study 1, we administered the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) to 317 smokers in a smoking cessation study. Factor analysis of the NDSS revealed five factors: Drive (craving and withdrawal, and subjective compulsion to smoke), priority (preference for smoking over other reinforcers), tolerance (reduced sensitivity to the effects of smoking), continuity (regularity of smoking rate), and stereotypy (invariance of smoking). A single overall score based on the first principal component, NDSS-T, was retained as a single core measure of Dependence. The NDSS showed promising psychometric properties: NDSS-T and factor scores showed strong associations with Dependence-relevant measures, even when we controlled for scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ); and the NDSS predicted urges when smoking, withdrawal in acute abstinence, and outcome in cessation. The five factor scores showed differential patterns of correlations with external validators, supporting the multidimensionality of the measure. In study 2, we revised the NDSS to expand some subscales and administered it to 802 smokers in a cessation study. The same five factors were extracted, the internal reliability of some subscales was improved, and the factor scores again showed associations with Dependence-relevant validators, which were largely maintained when we controlled for FTQ scores. In study 3, with 91 smokers in a cessation trial, we established that the test-retest reliability of the subscales was adequate. Thus, the NDSS presents a valid multidimensional assessment of Nicotine Dependence that may expand on current measures.
-
measuring Nicotine Dependence among youth a review of available approaches and instruments
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2000Co-Authors: Suzanne M Colby, Saul Shiffman, Stephen T Tiffany, Raymond NiauraAbstract:This paper reviews issues and concepts related to the measurement of Nicotine Dependence among youth. The primary objectives of this review are to: (1) review the measures of Nicotine Dependence currently being used; and (2) delineate a future research agenda in an attempt to advance the quality of measurement and instrumentation for this important research endeavor. Existing measures of Nicotine Dependence, including formal diagnostic interviews, related withdrawal assessments, brief self-report measures, and single-item indicators, are described. While formal diagnostic systems have been considered the 'gold standard' for evaluating Dependence clinically, their specific limitations related to use for research purposes are outlined. Each broad class of measure is evaluated in terms of its rationale for use, strengths and limitations, and the extent to which it has successfully been applied to adolescent populations. A research agenda follows in the second section of the paper. In this section, the need for identification and inclusion of a standard set of optimal Dependence measures, for enhancement of current measures, and for the onset of a new and comprehensive measures development program is outlined.
-
current models of Nicotine Dependence what is known and what is needed to advance understanding of tobacco etiology among youth
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2000Co-Authors: William G Shadel, Saul Shiffman, Raymond Niaura, Mark Nichter, David B AbramsAbstract:Youth smoking has risen dramatically during the last 5 years, leading one to the conclusion that prevention interventions have not been particularly effective. This paper provides an examination of features that define adult Nicotine Dependence and argues that these features need to be considered in any studied examination of youth etiology and development to Nicotine Dependence. We review the historical context for the concept of Nicotine Dependence, features that define the concept and current models of substance Dependence more generally. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Ronald C. Kessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nicotine Dependence and pre enlistment suicidal behavior among u s army soldiers
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Laura Campbellsills, Ronald C. Kessler, Robert J Ursano, Xiaoying Sun, Steven G Heeringa, Matthew K Nock, Sonia Jain, Murray B SteinAbstract:Introduction Identification of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behaviors is a priority for the U.S. Army. This study investigated associations of Nicotine Dependence with suicidal behaviors among incoming soldiers. Methods Lifetime DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence, mental disorders, suicidal behaviors, and their ages of onset were retrospectively assessed in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) New Soldier Study. Discrete-time survival analysis of person-year data from 30,436 soldiers was performed to evaluate associations of Nicotine Dependence with subsequent suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. Among respondents with lifetime ideation (n=4,060), models tested associations of Nicotine Dependence with progression from ideation to first onset of plan, from plan to first attempt, and, among ideators without plans, from ideation to first unplanned attempt. A hierarchy of models incorporated increasing controls for other risk factors. Data were collected in 2011–2012 and analyzed in 2017–2018. Results In models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, Nicotine Dependence was associated with onset of all suicidal behaviors (AORs, 2.07–4.08, p Conclusions Nicotine Dependence exhibited associations with onset of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt—and with progression from ideation to unplanned attempt—that were independent of other measured risk factors. Awareness of associations of Nicotine Dependence with suicidal behaviors may inform risk assessment, facilitate targeting of prevention efforts, and provide further impetus for reducing Nicotine Dependence.
-
the importance of timing of transitions for risk of regular smoking and Nicotine Dependence
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Lisa Dierker, Amanda Kalaydjian, Joel Swendsen, Louisa Degenhardt, Meyer D Glantz, Kevin P Conway, James C Anthony, Wai Tat Chiu, Nancy A Sampson, Ronald C. KesslerAbstract:Estimating the timing and speed among smoking milestones is an important challenge for epidemiology given that further reductions in smoking prevalence may be best achieved by programs that target potentially malleable smoking behavior before the development of Nicotine Dependence. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between the timing and speed of transition among major smoking milestones (onset, weekly, and daily smoking) and onset and recovery from Nicotine Dependence. Analyses are based on data from The National Comorbidity Survey—Replication, a nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003. Of those who had ever smoked (n = 5,692), 71.3% had reached weekly smoking levels and 67.5% had reached daily smoking. Four in ten who had ever smoked met criteria for Nicotine Dependence. A shorter time since the onset of weekly and daily smoking was associated with a transition to both daily smoking and Nicotine Dependence, respectively. The risk for each smoking transition was highest within the year following the onset of the preceding milestone. Recovery was associated with a longer period of time between smoking initiation and the development of Dependence and a later age of smoking onset. These findings shed light on the clinical course of smoking and Nicotine Dependence. Given the importance of timing of smoking transitions, prevalence may be further reduced through intervention targeted at adolescents and young adults in the months most proximal to smoking initiation.
-
Nicotine Dependence in the United States: prevalence, trends, and smoking persistence.
Archives of general psychiatry, 2001Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Eric O. Johnson, Eva Hiripi, Ronald C. KesslerAbstract:Background The prevalence of smoking in the United States has been closely monitored. However, little is known about the epidemiology of Nicotine Dependence. We studied DSM-III-R Nicotine Dependence in the United States, trends across cohorts, and the role of Nicotine Dependence in smoking persistence. Methods The Tobacco Supplement to the National Comorbidity Survey was administered to a representative subset of 4414 persons aged 15 to 54 years. The World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess Nicotine Dependence. Results Lifetime prevalence of Nicotine Dependence was 24%, nearly half of those who had ever smoked daily for a month or more. The highest risk for Nicotine Dependence occurred in the first 16 years after daily smoking began, at which point the rate declined and continued at a slower pace for several years. Nicotine Dependence increased the risk of smoking persistence, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.0). Members of the most recent cohort, who were 15 to 24 years of age at the time of the survey, were the least likely to smoke daily, but those who smoked had the highest risk of Dependence: OR for daily smoking in the most recent vs earliest cohort was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5-0.9), and for Dependence among smokers, 7.2 (95% CI, 5.0-10.4). Conclusions Despite evidence that Nicotine Dependence is the leading preventable cause of death and morbidity, it remains a common psychiatric disorder. Smoking cessation and the decline in uptake in recent years varied across subgroups of the population.
-
are social fears and dsm iv social anxiety disorder associated with smoking and Nicotine Dependence in adolescents and young adults
European Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Holger Sonntag, Ronald C. Kessler, Hansulrich Wittchen, Michael Hofler, Murray B SteinAbstract:To investigate associations between social anxiety and smoking behaviour in order to explore whether social anxiety predicts the first onset of cigarette smoking, regular smoking and the development of Nicotine Dependence. Baseline and four-year follow-up data from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a prospective-longitudinal community study of 3,021 adolescents and young adults, are used. Smoking behaviour and psychopathology were assessed with the M-CIDI and its DSM-IV algorithms. At baseline, 35.7% of the sample were regular smokers, and 18.7% fulfilled criteria for DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence. Twenty-seven point two percent reported at least one social fear, and 7.2% met criteria for DSM-IV social phobia, most of whom reported first onset of social fear problems clearly prior to smoking initiation. Cross-sectional retrospective baseline analyses based on retrospective reports revealed that social fears and DSM-IV social phobia were both significantly associated with higher rates of Nicotine Dependence. Prospective-longitudinal analyses that were conducted in an attempt to confirm cross-sectional retrospective results showed that baseline non-users with social fears (OR = 3.85) and baseline non-dependent users with social fears (OR = 1.5) had an increased risk of onset of Nicotine Dependence during the follow-up period of four years. These findings remained significant even when controlling for co-morbid depressive disorders. Social anxiety was found to be significantly associated with Nicotine Dependence in both cross-sectional retrospective and prospective-longitudinal analyses. It is suggested that social fears could lead to heavy tobacco use as smoking is a socially acceptable behaviour that relieves anxiety in social situations. Possible differential effects of social anxiety on the early stages of smoking behaviour compared to effects on Nicotine Dependence are discussed. These findings should stimulate a continued search into potentially causal links between social fear symptoms and the development of tobacco consumption and Nicotine Dependence in adolescence.
Timothy B Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
human neuronal acetylcholine receptor a5 a3 b4 haplotypes are associated with multiple Nicotine Dependence phenotypes
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2009Co-Authors: Timothy B Baker, Megan E Piper, Daniel M Bolt, Stevens S Smith, Michael C Fiore, Robert B Weiss, Andrew Von Niederhausern, Diane M Dunn, Nori Matsunami, Hilary CoonAbstract:Introduction Previous research revealed significant associations between haplotypes in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 subunit cluster and scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among individuals reporting daily smoking by age 17. The present study used subsamples of participants from that study to investigate associations between the CHRNA5-A3-B4 haplotypes and an array of phenotypes not analyzed previously (i.e., withdrawal severity, ability to stop smoking, and specific scales on the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) that reflect loss of control, strong craving, and heavy smoking. Methods Two cohorts of current or former smokers (N = 886) provided both self-report data and DNA samples. One sample (Wisconsin) comprised smokers making a quit smoking attempt, which permitted the assessment of withdrawal and relapse during the attempt. The other sample (Utah) comprised participants studied for risk factors for Nicotine Dependence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and included individuals originally recruited in the Lung Health Study. Results The CHRNA5-A3-B4 haplotypes were significantly associated with the targeted WISDM-68 scales (Tolerance, Craving, Loss of Control) in both samples of participants but only among individuals who began smoking early in life. The haplotypes were significantly associated with relapse likelihood and withdrawal severity, but these associations showed no evidence of an interaction with age at daily smoking. Discussion The CHRNA5-A3-B4 haplotypes are associated with a broad range of Nicotine Dependence phenotypes, but these associations are not consistently moderated by age at initial smoking.
-
assessing dimensions of Nicotine Dependence an evaluation of the Nicotine Dependence syndrome scale ndss and the wisconsin inventory of smoking Dependence motives wisdm
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2008Co-Authors: Megan E Piper, Danielle E Mccarthy, Daniel M Bolt, Stevens S Smith, Caryn Lerman, Neal L Benowitz, Michael C Fiore, Timothy B BakerAbstract:Considerable research, ranging from survey to clinical to genetic, has utilized traditional measures of tobacco Dependence, such as the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.) (DSM-IV) criteria, that focus on endpoint definitions of tobacco Dependence such as heavy smoking, time to first cigarette in the morning, and smoking despite consequences. In an effort to better understand possible theories and mechanisms underlying tobacco Dependence, which could be used to improve treatment and research, two multidimensional measures of tobacco Dependence have been developed: the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). This research used data from three randomized smoking cessation trials to examine the internal consistency and validity (convergent, concurrent and predictive) of these scales, relative to each other and the traditional measures. Results reveal that NDSS and WISDM subscales are related to important Dependence criteria, but in a heterogeneous fashion. The data suggest that there are important underlying mechanisms or motives that are significantly related to different important outcomes, such as withdrawal and cessation. The FTND was most strongly related to abstinence at 1 week and 6 months post-quit, whereas the WISDM Tolerance subscale was most strongly related to abstinence at the end of treatment. The NDSS Priority subscale was consistently predictive of outcome at all three follow-up time points. There is also evidence that WISDM subscales are related to a biomarker of the rate of Nicotine metabolism.
-
time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking implications for Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2007Co-Authors: Timothy B Baker, Suzanne M Colby, Megan E Piper, Danielle E Mccarthy, Daniel M Bolt, Stevens S Smith, Suyoung Kim, David V Conti, Gary A Giovino, Dorothy HatsukamiAbstract:An inability to maintain abstinence is a key indicator of tobacco Dependence. Unfortunately, little evidence exists regarding the ability of the major tobacco Dependence measures to predict smoking cessation outcome. This paper used data from four placebo-controlled smoking cessation trials and one international epidemiologic study to determine relations between the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton et al., 1991), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI; Kozlowski et al., 1994), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS; Shiffman et al., 2004) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM; Piper et al. 2004) with cessation success. Results showed that much of the predictive validity of the FTND could be attributed to its first item, time to first cigarette in the morning, and this item had greater validity than any other single measure. Thus, the time to first cigarette item appears to tap a pattern of heavy, uninterrupted, and automatic smoking and may be a good single-item measure of Nicotine Dependence.
Kathleen K Bucholz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
temporal trends in smoking and Nicotine Dependence in relation to co occurring substance use in the united states 2005 2016
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2021Co-Authors: Yun Wang, Pamela Af Madden, Kathleen K Bucholz, Andrew C Heath, Michael T Lynskey, Ying Liu, Mary Waldron, Alexandra N Houstonludlam, Vivia V Mccutcheon, Min LianAbstract:BACKGROUND Despite an overall decline in tobacco use in the United States, secular trends of smoking and Nicotine Dependence with co-occurring substance use are not well characterized. METHODS We examined self-reported tobacco and other substance use in 22,245 participants age 21-59 in the United States from six waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using Joinpoint regression, we assessed secular trends of smoking and Nicotine Dependence as a function of co-occurring use of alcohol, prescription opioids, marijuana/hashish, cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine, or other injection drug use. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to identify the potential risk factors. RESULTS During 2005-2016, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (without co-occurring substance use: 17.0 %-12.7 %; with co-occurring use of one substance: 35.3 % to 24.6 %; with co-occurring use of two or more substances: 53.8 %-42.2 %), and moderate-to-severe Nicotine Dependence decreased as well (8.0 %-4.2 %, 16.0 %-8.8 %, and 23.9 %-15.7 %, respectively). Smoking and Nicotine Dependence were more likely in those with co-occurring use of one substance (current smoking: odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.01-2.45); Nicotine Dependence: OR = 1.88, 95 % CI = 1.63-2.17) and in those with co-occurring use of two or more substances (current smoking: OR = 5.25, 95 % CI = 4.63-5.95; Nicotine Dependence: OR = 3.24, 95 % CI = 2.72-3.87). CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring substance use was associated with smaller reductions in tobacco use, over time, and with increased odds of Nicotine Dependence. This suggests that co-occurring substance users should be regarded as a tobacco-related disparity group and prioritized for tobacco control interventions.
-
chrnb3 is more strongly associated with fagerstrom test for cigarette Dependence based Nicotine Dependence than cigarettes per day phenotype definition changes genome wide association studies results
Addiction, 2012Co-Authors: John P. Rice, Naomi Breslau, Sarah M Hartz, Kathleen K Bucholz, Kimberly F Doheny, Arpana Agrawal, Laura Almasy, Siiri N Bennett, Howard J Edenberg, Alison GoateAbstract:Aims Nicotine Dependence is a highly heritable disorder associated with severe medical morbidity and mortality. Recent meta-analyses have found novel genetic loci associated with cigarettes per day (CPD), a proxy for Nicotine Dependence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of phenotype definition (i.e. CPD versus Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score as a measure of Nicotine Dependence) on genome-wide association studies of Nicotine Dependence. Design Genome-wide association study. Setting Community sample. Participants A total of 3365 subjects who had smoked at least one cigarette were selected from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). Of the participants, 2267 were European Americans, 999 were African Americans. Measurements Nicotine Dependence defined by FTCD score ≥4, CPD. Findings The genetic locus most strongly associated with Nicotine Dependence was rs1451240 on chromosome 8 in the region of CHRNB3 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, P = 2.4 × 10−8]. This association was further strengthened in a meta-analysis with a previously published data set (combined P = 6.7 × 10−16, total n = 4200). When CPD was used as an alternate phenotype, the association no longer reached genome-wide significance (β = −0.08, P = 0.0004). Conclusions Daily cigarette consumption and the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence show different associations with polymorphisms in genetic loci.
-
Nicotine Dependence subtypes association with smoking history diagnostic criteria and psychiatric disorders in 5440 regular smokers from the vietnam era twin registry
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Hong Xian, Jeffrey F Scherrer, Seth A Eisen, Michael J Lyons, Ming T Tsuang, William R True, Kathleen K BucholzAbstract:Abstract Studies suggest empirically derived subtypes of Nicotine Dependence exist in young adult populations with short smoking careers. It is not known if classes of Dependence exist in middle aged smokers with longer smoking careers and whether these classes reflect quantitative or qualitative differences. It is not known if psychiatric disorders are associated with classes of Nicotine Dependence. Nicotine Dependence symptoms were obtained from a 1992 administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Latent Class Analyses (LCA) was computed using data from 5440 members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. LCA was used to derive significantly different classes of Nicotine Dependence, which were assessed for their association with smoking history, Nicotine Dependence, and other psychiatric disorders. The LCA model which best fit the data was a 4 class solution characterized by severity. Age onset of regular smoking decreased with more severe classes. Cigarette consumption, failed cessation and psychiatric disorders were associated with more severe classes. Empirically derived subtypes of Nicotine Dependence are mostly characterized by increasing severity. Suggestions for refinement of Nicotine Dependence diagnostic criteria are discussed.
-
defining Nicotine Dependence for genetic research evidence from australian twins
Psychological Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Christina N Lessov, Nicholas G Martin, Dixie J Statham, Alexandre A Todorov, Wendy S Slutske, Kathleen K Bucholz, Andrew C Heath, Pamela Af MaddenAbstract:Background. Whether current criteria used to define Nicotine Dependence are informative for genetic research is an important empirical question. The authors used items of the DSM-IV and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index to characterize the Nicotine Dependence phenotype and to identify salient symptoms in a genetically informative community sample of Australian young adult female and mate twins. Method. Phenotypic and genetic factor analyses were performed on nine Dependence symptoms (the seven DSM-IV substance Dependence criteria and the two Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) items derived from the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day). Phenotypic and genetic analyses were restricted to ever smokers. Results. Phenotypic Nicotine Dependence symptom covariation was best captured by two factors with a similar pattern of factor loadings for women and men. In genetic factor analysis item covariation was best captured by two genetic but one shared environmental factor for both women and men; however, item factor loadings differed by gender. All Nicotine Dependence symptoms were substantially heritable, except for the DSM-IV criterion of 'giving up or reducing important activities in order to smoke', which was weakly familial. Conclusions. The salient behavioral indices of Nicotine Dependence are similar for women and men. DSM-IV criteria of tolerance, withdrawal, and experiencing difficulty quitting and HSI items time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day may represent the most highly heritable symptoms of Nicotine Dependence for both women and men.