The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ting Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Nitrogen Compounds in RFCC diesel oil by mass spectrometry
Fuel Processing Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Xingguo Cheng, Ting ZhaoAbstract:This paper describes a simple method to separate and identify the Nitrogen Compounds in residual fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) diesel oil. A 2% H2SO4 solution in ethanol was used to enrich Nitrogen Compounds from RFCC diesel oil. Then, the Nitrogen-rich fraction was further separated into four fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Two discrete fractions containing neutral and basic Nitrogen Compounds were identified by mass spectrometry with atmosphere pressure chemical ionization source (APCI-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that the Nitrogen Compounds in these two fractions of RFCC diesel oil were anilines, quinoline, indole, carbazole and their derivatives.
Zelong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of basic Nitrogen Compounds isolated with FeCl3 in vacuum gas oil and its hydrotreated product
Fuel, 2020Co-Authors: Tingting Lai, Yichao Mao, Wei Wang, Xieqing Wang, Naixin Wang, Zelong LiuAbstract:Abstract The basic Nitrogen Compounds in petroleum are harmful heteroaromatic Compounds, which would substantially affect the refining process and the quality of the resultant products. Obtaining comprehensive molecular information of the basic Nitrogen Compounds is challenging, particularly for those in heavy oils. In this work, a novel separation method was developed to isolate the basic Nitrogen Compounds from vacuum gas oil and its hydrotreated product with high recovery and high purity. The basic Nitrogen Compounds were isolated from the vacuum gas oil and its hydrotreated product by the formation of complexes coordinated with FeCl3. Then, the insoluble complexes were treated by NaOH to destroy the coordinate bonds between the FeCl3 and basic Nitrogen Compounds. The separated basic Nitrogen Compounds were characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography coupled with high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). The separated basic Nitrogen Compounds facilitated the GC × GC-TOFMS analysis due to the reduced matrix complexity. The basic Nitrogen Compounds from vacuum gas oil are mainly tricyclic and tetracyclic Nitrogen-containing aromatic Compounds, such as benzoquinolines and benzacridines. The basic Nitrogen Compounds from the vacuum gas oil with short alkyl chains can be preferentially removed by hydrotreatment. Moreover, partially saturated products of the basic Nitrogen Compounds were widely found in the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil, such as tetrahydrobenzoquinolines, octahydrobenzoquinolines, tetrahydroindenoquinolines, and octahydroindenoquinolines. This study contributes to the structural characterization of basic Nitrogen Compounds in heavy oils and the conversion of these Compounds during hydrotreating.
Xingguo Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Nitrogen Compounds in RFCC diesel oil by mass spectrometry
Fuel Processing Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Xingguo Cheng, Ting ZhaoAbstract:This paper describes a simple method to separate and identify the Nitrogen Compounds in residual fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) diesel oil. A 2% H2SO4 solution in ethanol was used to enrich Nitrogen Compounds from RFCC diesel oil. Then, the Nitrogen-rich fraction was further separated into four fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Two discrete fractions containing neutral and basic Nitrogen Compounds were identified by mass spectrometry with atmosphere pressure chemical ionization source (APCI-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that the Nitrogen Compounds in these two fractions of RFCC diesel oil were anilines, quinoline, indole, carbazole and their derivatives.
Jukka Leppälahti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation and behaviour of Nitrogen Compounds in an IGCC process
Bioresource Technology, 1993Co-Authors: Jukka LeppälahtiAbstract:A summary of the latest available information on the formation and decomposition of Nitrogen Compounds in gasification, hot-gas cleaning, and gas combustion is presented. When Nitrogenous fuels are gasified, Nitrogen Compounds are formed in gas from fuel Nitrogen. In pressurized high-temperature fluidized-bed and entrained-bed gasifiers, NH3 is the primary Nitrogen compound. Very little HCN is formed in these types of gasifier. The most important factors correlating with the NH3 content of the gas seem to be gas temperature and fuel quality. The NH3 content of the gas can be reduced by catalysts or by feeding oxidizers to the gas. CH4 reduces the decomposition rate of NH3.
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Formation and Removal of Nitrogen Compounds in Gasification Processes
Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1993Co-Authors: Jukka Leppälahti, Pekka Simell, Esa Kurkela, Pekka StåhlbergAbstract:When gasifying Nitrogenious fuels, organic and inorganic Nitrogen Compounds form in the gas. The main Nitrogen compound in gasification atmosphere is ammonia. The ammonia content of the product gas has ranged in pressurized peat gasification processes between 6 000-13 400 ppm and hydrogen cyanide content 10 - 500 ppm. Decomposition and removal of Nitrogen Compounds can be accelerated by catalysis. The effect of several catalytic materials on the Nitrogen Compounds from an operating peat gasifier was measured. Nickel catalyst and ferrous materials proved to be most efficient in decomposing ammonia at high temperature. Limestone and dolomite did not have any strong catalytic effect on the decomposition of ammonia in the atmospheres studied. The calcareous and ferrous materials can increase the ammonium content of the gas at low temperatures by converting part of the organic Nitrogen into ammonia if gas contains high tar loading.
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Catalytic conversion of Nitrogen Compounds in gasification gas
Fuel Processing Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Jukka Leppälahti, Pekka Simell, Esa KurkelaAbstract:Abstract New forms of energy production, such as combined-cycle power plants and fuel cells, can be introduced by gasification. When gasifying Nitrogenous fuels, organic and inorganic Nitrogen Compounds form in the gas. In gas combustion these can form Nitrogen oxides detrimental to the environment. Catalytic decomposition of the Nitrogen Compounds in the gasification gas is one alternative for reducing the formation of Nitrogen oxides. In the research work under review, catalytic effects of various inexpensive materials on the Nitrogen Compounds of the gasification gas at high temperatures were studied. The materials were iron sinter, iron pellet, ferrous dolomite, dolomite and limestone, and, as reference materials, inert silicon carbide and a commercial nickel catalyst. The most significant Nitrogen Compounds formed in gasification are ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and organic Nitrogen Compounds of tar. The ferrous materials and the commercial nickel catalyst proved to be the most efficient agents for decomposing ammonia. Limestone and dolomite did not exhibit any essential catalytic capacity for decomposing ammonia, although they reduced the hydrogen cyanide content of the gas.
Heinz-jürgen Brauch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polar Nitrogen Compounds and their behaviour in the drinking water treatment process.
Water Research, 2001Co-Authors: Jörg Pietsch, Frank Sacher, Wido Schmidt, Heinz-jürgen BrauchAbstract:Abstract Aliphatic and alicyclic amines as well as ethanolamines are extremely polar Compounds, frequently found in the environment, and some of them have high toxicity. To address the contamination of selected German surface waters examined and the importance of bank filtration in Eastern Germany, investigations on the behaviour of polar organic Nitrogen Compounds during water treatment were carried out. Test conditions were designed appropriately for drinking water treatment conditions, and the tests were carried out using model water as well as bank filtrate. Test filter studies of microbial degradation of selected Compounds demonstrated the following order of biodegradability: ethanolamine>dimethylamine>pyrrolidine>ethylenediamine, piperidine>diethylamine>morpholine>piperazine>cyclohexylamine. Flocculation tests using iron salts as well as aluminium salts as coagulants showed very low removal rates for the amines. The best results for the removal of the polar organic Nitrogen Compounds from the water were obtained using ozonation. Based on the reaction-rate constants, the order of degradation by ozone is: piperazine>morpholine>ethylenediamine>piperidine, cyclohexylamine>dimethylamine>ethanolamine>pyrrolidine>diethylamine. Disinfection by chlorine-containing agents under drinking water treatment conditions did not give effective elimination of the selected polar Nitrogen Compounds.