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Djilali Heddadj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological model was developed (i) to identify the macropores by 2D image analysis in undisturbed soil samples, and (ii) to characterize their morphology with two shape parameters (elongation and regularity indexes). Based on the three usual pore categories (tubular, planar and packing pores), five groups were defined with an additional distinction within the packing pore category (discrete, continuous and planar packing). This typology, as based on a set of images that reached the representative elementary area (REA), proved appropriate to describe the structural modifications linked to the crop management practices. It was shown that mechanical soil working produces ‘continuous packing pores’ whereas the absence of work induces ‘discrete packing pores’. The study of the intra-annual structural dynamics enabled the identification of the processes responsible for those modifications. With conventional tillage, the progressive substitution of continuous packing pores with discrete packing pores can be interpreted as the resumption of biological fragmentation after mechanical fragmentation (harrowing). Without management, the soil is only subjected to biological fragmentation, so neither quantitative nor morphological evolution of the macroporosity was observed during the growing season, with the soil structure depending more on spatial heterogeneity than on seasonal changes.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practice

Tomas Rydberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • crop yield in swedish experiments with shallow tillage and no tillage 1983 2012
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Johan Arvidsson, Ararso Etana, Tomas Rydberg
    Abstract:

    Abstract Crop yield data from 918 experimental years with shallow (5–10 cm) non-inversion tillage and 226 experimental years with No-Tillage conducted in the period 1983–2012 were analysed, especially regarding effects of crop, preceding crop, soil type and duration of tillage system. For all experiments with shallow tillage, crop yield was 1.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing. Yield of spring cereals and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was similar for the two systems, while yield of peas (Pisum vulgare L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was 5–10% lower for shallow tillage. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in particular was much affected by preceding crop, with lower relative yield for shallow tillage with cereal as the preceding crop. For No-Tillage, relative yield was on average 9.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing, with the greatest yield losses for spring-sown crops. Plant establishment was similar for shallow tillage and mouldboard ploughing, but lower with No-Tillage. There was no obvious trend in crop yield over time in long-term experiments with shallow tillage, indicating that in terms of crop yield, primary tillage systems can be chosen depending on the conditions in a specific year. The results indicate that compaction in reduced tillage under Swedish conditions was a minor problem for cereals, whereas dicots were more sensitive to compaction. The major problems in reduced tillage were caused by plant residues and, in No-Tillage, by poor establishment due to the lack of a seedbed. Overall, the results show that under Swedish climate conditions, shallow tillage can give similar yields to mouldboard ploughing. For No-Tillage, the system has to be improved to secure plant establishment and crop yield.

  • Crop yield in Swedish experiments with shallow tillage and No-Tillage 1983–2012
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Johan Arvidsson, Ararso Etana, Tomas Rydberg
    Abstract:

    Abstract Crop yield data from 918 experimental years with shallow (5–10 cm) non-inversion tillage and 226 experimental years with No-Tillage conducted in the period 1983–2012 were analysed, especially regarding effects of crop, preceding crop, soil type and duration of tillage system. For all experiments with shallow tillage, crop yield was 1.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing. Yield of spring cereals and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was similar for the two systems, while yield of peas (Pisum vulgare L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was 5–10% lower for shallow tillage. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in particular was much affected by preceding crop, with lower relative yield for shallow tillage with cereal as the preceding crop. For No-Tillage, relative yield was on average 9.8% lower than for mouldboard ploughing, with the greatest yield losses for spring-sown crops. Plant establishment was similar for shallow tillage and mouldboard ploughing, but lower with No-Tillage. There was no obvious trend in crop yield over time in long-term experiments with shallow tillage, indicating that in terms of crop yield, primary tillage systems can be chosen depending on the conditions in a specific year. The results indicate that compaction in reduced tillage under Swedish conditions was a minor problem for cereals, whereas dicots were more sensitive to compaction. The major problems in reduced tillage were caused by plant residues and, in No-Tillage, by poor establishment due to the lack of a seedbed. Overall, the results show that under Swedish climate conditions, shallow tillage can give similar yields to mouldboard ploughing. For No-Tillage, the system has to be improved to secure plant establishment and crop yield.

Fabien Hubert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological model was developed (i) to identify the macropores by 2D image analysis in undisturbed soil samples, and (ii) to characterize their morphology with two shape parameters (elongation and regularity indexes). Based on the three usual pore categories (tubular, planar and packing pores), five groups were defined with an additional distinction within the packing pore category (discrete, continuous and planar packing). This typology, as based on a set of images that reached the representative elementary area (REA), proved appropriate to describe the structural modifications linked to the crop management practices. It was shown that mechanical soil working produces ‘continuous packing pores’ whereas the absence of work induces ‘discrete packing pores’. The study of the intra-annual structural dynamics enabled the identification of the processes responsible for those modifications. With conventional tillage, the progressive substitution of continuous packing pores with discrete packing pores can be interpreted as the resumption of biological fragmentation after mechanical fragmentation (harrowing). Without management, the soil is only subjected to biological fragmentation, so neither quantitative nor morphological evolution of the macroporosity was observed during the growing season, with the soil structure depending more on spatial heterogeneity than on seasonal changes.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practice

Paul Sardini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological model was developed (i) to identify the macropores by 2D image analysis in undisturbed soil samples, and (ii) to characterize their morphology with two shape parameters (elongation and regularity indexes). Based on the three usual pore categories (tubular, planar and packing pores), five groups were defined with an additional distinction within the packing pore category (discrete, continuous and planar packing). This typology, as based on a set of images that reached the representative elementary area (REA), proved appropriate to describe the structural modifications linked to the crop management practices. It was shown that mechanical soil working produces ‘continuous packing pores’ whereas the absence of work induces ‘discrete packing pores’. The study of the intra-annual structural dynamics enabled the identification of the processes responsible for those modifications. With conventional tillage, the progressive substitution of continuous packing pores with discrete packing pores can be interpreted as the resumption of biological fragmentation after mechanical fragmentation (harrowing). Without management, the soil is only subjected to biological fragmentation, so neither quantitative nor morphological evolution of the macroporosity was observed during the growing season, with the soil structure depending more on spatial heterogeneity than on seasonal changes.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practice

Laurent Caner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Abstract The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological model was developed (i) to identify the macropores by 2D image analysis in undisturbed soil samples, and (ii) to characterize their morphology with two shape parameters (elongation and regularity indexes). Based on the three usual pore categories (tubular, planar and packing pores), five groups were defined with an additional distinction within the packing pore category (discrete, continuous and planar packing). This typology, as based on a set of images that reached the representative elementary area (REA), proved appropriate to describe the structural modifications linked to the crop management practices. It was shown that mechanical soil working produces ‘continuous packing pores’ whereas the absence of work induces ‘discrete packing pores’. The study of the intra-annual structural dynamics enabled the identification of the processes responsible for those modifications. With conventional tillage, the progressive substitution of continuous packing pores with discrete packing pores can be interpreted as the resumption of biological fragmentation after mechanical fragmentation (harrowing). Without management, the soil is only subjected to biological fragmentation, so neither quantitative nor morphological evolution of the macroporosity was observed during the growing season, with the soil structure depending more on spatial heterogeneity than on seasonal changes.

  • Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practices
    Geoderma, 2007
    Co-Authors: Fabien Hubert, Vincent Hallaire, Paul Sardini, Laurent Caner, Djilali Heddadj
    Abstract:

    Pore morphology changes under tillage and No-Tillage practice