The Experts below are selected from a list of 99 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lynn K Paul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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facial emotion recognition in agenesis of the corpus callosum
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew W Bridgman, Warren S Brown, Michael L Spezio, Matthew K Leonard, Ralph Adolphs, Lynn K PaulAbstract:Background: Impaired social functioning is a common symptom of individuals with developmental disruptions in callosal connectivity. Among these developmental conditions, agenesis of the corpus callosum provides the most extreme and clearly identifiable example of callosal disconnection. To date, deficits in Nonliteral Language comprehension, humor, theory of mind, and social reasoning have been documented in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Here, we examined a basic social ability as yet not investigated in this population: recognition of facial emotion and its association with social gaze. Methods: Nine individuals with callosal agenesis and nine matched controls completed four tasks involving emotional faces: emotion recognition from upright and inverted faces, gender recognition, and passive viewing. Eye-tracking data were collected concurrently on all four tasks and analyzed according to designated facial regions of interest. Results: Individuals with callosal agenesis exhibited impairments in recognizing emotions from upright faces, in particular lower accuracy for fear and anger, and these impairments were directly associated with diminished attention to the eye region. The callosal agenesis group exhibited greater consistency in emotion recognition across conditions (upright vs. inverted), with poorest performance for fear identification in both conditions. The callosal agenesis group also had atypical facial scanning (lower fractional dwell time in the eye region) during gender naming and passive viewing of faces, but they did not differ from controls on gender naming performance. The pattern of results did not differ when taking into account full-scale intelligence quotient or presence of autism spectrum symptoms. Conclusions: Agenesis of the corpus callosum results in a pattern of atypical facial scanning characterized by diminished attention to the eyes. This pattern suggests that reduced callosal connectivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of emotion processing deficits involving reduced attention to others' eyes.
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comprehension of humor in primary agenesis of the corpus callosum
Neuropsychologia, 2005Co-Authors: Warren S Brown, Lynn K Paul, Melissa F Symington, Rosalind DietrichAbstract:Individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) can, in some cases, perform normally on standardized intelligence tests. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that individuals with ACC and normal IQ scores have deficits in domains of fluid and social intelligence. Anecdotal reports from families suggest diminished appreciation of the subtleties of social interactions, and deficits in the comprehension of jokes and stories. In this research, both the cartoon and narrative joke subtests of a humor test (developed by Brownell et al. [Brownell, H., Michel, D., Powelson, J., & Gardner, H. (1983). Surprise but not coherence: sensitivity to verbal humor in right-hemisphere patients. Brain and Language, 18(1), 20–27] and Bihrle et al. [Bihrle, A. M., Brownell, H. H., Powelson, J. A., & Gardner, H. (1986). Comprehension of humorous and non-humorous materials by left and right brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition, 5(4), 399–411]) were given to 16 adults with complete ACC (all with IQs > 80) and 31 controls of similar age and IQ. Individuals with ACC performed worse than controls on the narrative joke subtest (p < .025) when VIQ was controlled. However, on the cartoon subtest the two groups were not significantly different. Covarying age, forms of IQ, narrative memory, set-switching, and literal Language comprehension did not substantially alter the group difference. However, covarying comprehension of Nonliteral Language and proverbs eliminated the difference, suggesting a common origin for the comprehension of jokes, Nonliteral Language, and proverbs, most likely related to capacity for understanding second-order meanings.
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communicative deficits in agenesis of the corpus callosum Nonliteral Language and affective prosody
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Lynn K Paul, Diana Van Lanckersidtis, Beatrix Schieffer, Rosalind Dietrich, Warren S BrownAbstract:While some individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum can perform normally on standardized intelligence tests, clinical observations suggest that they nevertheless have deficits in the domains of fluid and social intelligence. Particularly important for social competence is adequate understanding and use of paralinguistic information. This study examined the impact of callosal absence on the processing of pragmatic and paralinguistic information. Young adult males with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) were evaluated in the areas of Nonliteral Language comprehension, proverb recognition and interpretation, and perception of affective prosody. Ten ACC individuals with normal Wechsler IQ were compared to 14 sex, age, and IQ matched normal controls. The Formulaic and Novel Language Comprehension Test (FANL-C), Gorham Proverbs Test, and LA Prosody Test were administered. ACC subjects exhibited significant impairment on the Nonliteral items of the FANL-C, but no significant difference from controls in comprehension of literal items. ACC subjects also exhibited significant deficits in both self-generated interpretation and recognition of proverb meaning, and in recognition of affective prosody. These results demonstrate that normally intelligent individuals with ACC are impaired in the understanding of Nonliteral Language and emotional-prosodic cues that are important in social communication. In all three tests, the performance of individuals with ACC was similar to patients with right hemisphere brain damage. Thus, persons with ACC appear to lack interhemispheric integration of critical aspects of Language processed by the right hemisphere.
Warren S Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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facial emotion recognition in agenesis of the corpus callosum
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew W Bridgman, Warren S Brown, Michael L Spezio, Matthew K Leonard, Ralph Adolphs, Lynn K PaulAbstract:Background: Impaired social functioning is a common symptom of individuals with developmental disruptions in callosal connectivity. Among these developmental conditions, agenesis of the corpus callosum provides the most extreme and clearly identifiable example of callosal disconnection. To date, deficits in Nonliteral Language comprehension, humor, theory of mind, and social reasoning have been documented in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Here, we examined a basic social ability as yet not investigated in this population: recognition of facial emotion and its association with social gaze. Methods: Nine individuals with callosal agenesis and nine matched controls completed four tasks involving emotional faces: emotion recognition from upright and inverted faces, gender recognition, and passive viewing. Eye-tracking data were collected concurrently on all four tasks and analyzed according to designated facial regions of interest. Results: Individuals with callosal agenesis exhibited impairments in recognizing emotions from upright faces, in particular lower accuracy for fear and anger, and these impairments were directly associated with diminished attention to the eye region. The callosal agenesis group exhibited greater consistency in emotion recognition across conditions (upright vs. inverted), with poorest performance for fear identification in both conditions. The callosal agenesis group also had atypical facial scanning (lower fractional dwell time in the eye region) during gender naming and passive viewing of faces, but they did not differ from controls on gender naming performance. The pattern of results did not differ when taking into account full-scale intelligence quotient or presence of autism spectrum symptoms. Conclusions: Agenesis of the corpus callosum results in a pattern of atypical facial scanning characterized by diminished attention to the eyes. This pattern suggests that reduced callosal connectivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of emotion processing deficits involving reduced attention to others' eyes.
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comprehension of humor in primary agenesis of the corpus callosum
Neuropsychologia, 2005Co-Authors: Warren S Brown, Lynn K Paul, Melissa F Symington, Rosalind DietrichAbstract:Individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) can, in some cases, perform normally on standardized intelligence tests. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that individuals with ACC and normal IQ scores have deficits in domains of fluid and social intelligence. Anecdotal reports from families suggest diminished appreciation of the subtleties of social interactions, and deficits in the comprehension of jokes and stories. In this research, both the cartoon and narrative joke subtests of a humor test (developed by Brownell et al. [Brownell, H., Michel, D., Powelson, J., & Gardner, H. (1983). Surprise but not coherence: sensitivity to verbal humor in right-hemisphere patients. Brain and Language, 18(1), 20–27] and Bihrle et al. [Bihrle, A. M., Brownell, H. H., Powelson, J. A., & Gardner, H. (1986). Comprehension of humorous and non-humorous materials by left and right brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition, 5(4), 399–411]) were given to 16 adults with complete ACC (all with IQs > 80) and 31 controls of similar age and IQ. Individuals with ACC performed worse than controls on the narrative joke subtest (p < .025) when VIQ was controlled. However, on the cartoon subtest the two groups were not significantly different. Covarying age, forms of IQ, narrative memory, set-switching, and literal Language comprehension did not substantially alter the group difference. However, covarying comprehension of Nonliteral Language and proverbs eliminated the difference, suggesting a common origin for the comprehension of jokes, Nonliteral Language, and proverbs, most likely related to capacity for understanding second-order meanings.
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communicative deficits in agenesis of the corpus callosum Nonliteral Language and affective prosody
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Lynn K Paul, Diana Van Lanckersidtis, Beatrix Schieffer, Rosalind Dietrich, Warren S BrownAbstract:While some individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum can perform normally on standardized intelligence tests, clinical observations suggest that they nevertheless have deficits in the domains of fluid and social intelligence. Particularly important for social competence is adequate understanding and use of paralinguistic information. This study examined the impact of callosal absence on the processing of pragmatic and paralinguistic information. Young adult males with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) were evaluated in the areas of Nonliteral Language comprehension, proverb recognition and interpretation, and perception of affective prosody. Ten ACC individuals with normal Wechsler IQ were compared to 14 sex, age, and IQ matched normal controls. The Formulaic and Novel Language Comprehension Test (FANL-C), Gorham Proverbs Test, and LA Prosody Test were administered. ACC subjects exhibited significant impairment on the Nonliteral items of the FANL-C, but no significant difference from controls in comprehension of literal items. ACC subjects also exhibited significant deficits in both self-generated interpretation and recognition of proverb meaning, and in recognition of affective prosody. These results demonstrate that normally intelligent individuals with ACC are impaired in the understanding of Nonliteral Language and emotional-prosodic cues that are important in social communication. In all three tests, the performance of individuals with ACC was similar to patients with right hemisphere brain damage. Thus, persons with ACC appear to lack interhemispheric integration of critical aspects of Language processed by the right hemisphere.
Herbert Roeyers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pragmatic Language in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder do theory of mind and executive functions have a mediating role
Autism Research, 2021Co-Authors: Ramona Cardillo, Irene C Mammarella, Ellen Demurie, David Giofre, Herbert RoeyersAbstract:Pragmatic Language (PL) is defined as the ability to use Language effectively in communicative exchanges. Previous findings showed that deficits in PL are a core characteristic of the communicative profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While different lines of research have revealed a close link between PL and theory of mind (ToM), and between PL and executive functions (EFs), to our knowledge, few studies have explored the relationship between these three domains in children with ASD, and their results have been contradictory. The present study thus aimed to contribute to our understanding of PL in children with ASD and to analyze the underlying mediating role of ToM and EFs. PL is a complex and multifaceted construct. In the present study, we focused on two specific aspects, such as the comprehension of Nonliteral Language, and the ability to make inferences. After testing 143 participants (73 with ASD), our results confirmed that impairments in PL are a crucial feature of the ASD profile. Children with ASD were also more impaired than their typically developing peers in both ToM and EFs. When the mediating role of ToM and EFs on PL was considered, it emerged that only ToM contributed significantly to the relationship between group and PL. We discussed the potential importance of interventions not focused exclusively on PL, but also involving ToM. LAY SUMMARY: In everyday life, we use pragmatic Language to interact successfully with others. Individuals with autism experience significant difficulty in pragmatic Language, showing consequent impairments in communication. This study compared the comprehension of Nonliteral Language, and the ability to make inferences of children with autism and children with typical development, focusing on the role of social and cognitive abilities. Children with autism had difficulties in pragmatic Language compared to children with typical development. In addition, the capacity to consider the perspective, intentions and beliefs of other people contributed significantly to the pragmatic Language. Autism Res 2021, 14: 932-945. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Keith E Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trajectories of pragmatic and Nonliteral Language development in children with autism spectrum disorders
Journal of Communication Disorders, 2015Co-Authors: Elisabeth M Whyte, Keith E NelsonAbstract:Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties with understanding pragmatic Language and also Nonliteral Language. However, little is understood about the development of these two Language domains. The current study examines pragmatic and Nonliteral Language development in 69 typically developing (TD) children and 27 children with ASD, ages 5–12 years. For both groups, performance on pragmatic Language and Nonliteral Language scores on the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language increased significantly with chronological age, vocabulary, syntax, and theory of mind abilities both for children with ASD and TD children. Based on a cross-sectional trajectory analysis, the children with ASD showed slower rates of development with chronological age relative to TD children for both the pragmatic Language and Nonliteral Language subtests. However, the groups did not show significant differences in the rate of development for either pragmatic Language or Nonliteral Language abilities with regard to their vocabulary abilities or TOM abilities. It appears that children with ASD may reach levels of pragmatic Language that are in line with their current levels of basic Language abilities. Both basic Language abilities and theory of mind abilities may aid in the development of pragmatic Language and Nonliteral Language abilities. Learning outcomes: After reading this article, the reader will understand: (1) the relation between basic Language abilities (vocabulary and syntax) and advanced Language abilities (pragmatic and Nonliteral Language), (2) how the cross-sectional trajectory analysis differs from traditional group matching studies, and (3) how pragmatic and Nonliteral Language development for children with autism shows both similarities and differences compared to typically developing children.
Rosalind Dietrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comprehension of humor in primary agenesis of the corpus callosum
Neuropsychologia, 2005Co-Authors: Warren S Brown, Lynn K Paul, Melissa F Symington, Rosalind DietrichAbstract:Individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) can, in some cases, perform normally on standardized intelligence tests. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that individuals with ACC and normal IQ scores have deficits in domains of fluid and social intelligence. Anecdotal reports from families suggest diminished appreciation of the subtleties of social interactions, and deficits in the comprehension of jokes and stories. In this research, both the cartoon and narrative joke subtests of a humor test (developed by Brownell et al. [Brownell, H., Michel, D., Powelson, J., & Gardner, H. (1983). Surprise but not coherence: sensitivity to verbal humor in right-hemisphere patients. Brain and Language, 18(1), 20–27] and Bihrle et al. [Bihrle, A. M., Brownell, H. H., Powelson, J. A., & Gardner, H. (1986). Comprehension of humorous and non-humorous materials by left and right brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition, 5(4), 399–411]) were given to 16 adults with complete ACC (all with IQs > 80) and 31 controls of similar age and IQ. Individuals with ACC performed worse than controls on the narrative joke subtest (p < .025) when VIQ was controlled. However, on the cartoon subtest the two groups were not significantly different. Covarying age, forms of IQ, narrative memory, set-switching, and literal Language comprehension did not substantially alter the group difference. However, covarying comprehension of Nonliteral Language and proverbs eliminated the difference, suggesting a common origin for the comprehension of jokes, Nonliteral Language, and proverbs, most likely related to capacity for understanding second-order meanings.
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communicative deficits in agenesis of the corpus callosum Nonliteral Language and affective prosody
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Lynn K Paul, Diana Van Lanckersidtis, Beatrix Schieffer, Rosalind Dietrich, Warren S BrownAbstract:While some individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum can perform normally on standardized intelligence tests, clinical observations suggest that they nevertheless have deficits in the domains of fluid and social intelligence. Particularly important for social competence is adequate understanding and use of paralinguistic information. This study examined the impact of callosal absence on the processing of pragmatic and paralinguistic information. Young adult males with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) were evaluated in the areas of Nonliteral Language comprehension, proverb recognition and interpretation, and perception of affective prosody. Ten ACC individuals with normal Wechsler IQ were compared to 14 sex, age, and IQ matched normal controls. The Formulaic and Novel Language Comprehension Test (FANL-C), Gorham Proverbs Test, and LA Prosody Test were administered. ACC subjects exhibited significant impairment on the Nonliteral items of the FANL-C, but no significant difference from controls in comprehension of literal items. ACC subjects also exhibited significant deficits in both self-generated interpretation and recognition of proverb meaning, and in recognition of affective prosody. These results demonstrate that normally intelligent individuals with ACC are impaired in the understanding of Nonliteral Language and emotional-prosodic cues that are important in social communication. In all three tests, the performance of individuals with ACC was similar to patients with right hemisphere brain damage. Thus, persons with ACC appear to lack interhemispheric integration of critical aspects of Language processed by the right hemisphere.
