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Kenneth N. Olivier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transcriptional Response of Respiratory Epithelium to Nontuberculous mycobacteria
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2018Co-Authors: Masashi Matsuyama, Andrew J. Martins, Shamira J. Shallom, Olena Kamenyeva, Anuj K. Kashyap, Elizabeth P. Sampaio, Juraj Kabat, Kenneth N. Olivier, Adrian M. Zelazny, John S. TsangAbstract:The incidence of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasing, but host responses in respiratory epithelium infected with NTM are not fully understood. In this work, we aimed to identify infection-relevant gene expression signatures of NTM infection of the respiratory epithelium. We infected air-liquid interface (ALI) primary respiratory epithelial cell cultures with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAC) or Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB). We used cells from four different donors to obtain generalizable data. Differentiated respiratory epithelial cells at the ALI were infected with MAC or MAB at a multiplicity of infection of 100:1 or 1,000:1, and RNA sequencing was performed at Days 1 and 3 after infection. In response to infection, we found down-regulation of ciliary genes but upregulation of genes associated with cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-32, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Inflammatory response genes tended to be more upregulated by MAB than by MAC infection. Primary respiratory epithelial cell infection with NTM at the ALI identified ciliary function, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cytokine/chemokine production as major host responses to infection. Some of these pathways may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
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environmental risks for Nontuberculous mycobacteria individual exposures and climatic factors in the cystic fibrosis population
Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2014Co-Authors: Rebecca D Prevots, Jennifer Adjemian, Aisling G Fernandez, Michael R Knowles, Kenneth N. OlivierAbstract:Rationale: Persons with cystic fibrosis are at high risk of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, with a national prevalence estimated at 13%. The risk of Nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with specific environmental exposures, and the correlation with climatic conditions in this population has not been described. Objectives: To describe the association of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria with individual exposures to water and soil aerosols, and the population associations of these infections with climatic factors. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within a cohort study of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria prevalence at 21 geographically diverse national cystic fibrosis centers. Incident Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection cases (at least one prior negative culture followed by one positive culture) were age- and sex-matched to culture-negative controls. Exposures to water and soil were assessed by administering a standardized questionnaire. Cohort prevalence at each of the 21 centers was correlated with climatic conditions in the same area through linear regression modeling. Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 48 cases and 85 control subjects were enrolled. Indoor swimming was associated with incident infection (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.3–26.1), although only nine cases (19%) and five control subjects (6%) reported indoor swimming in the 4 months prior to infection. Exposure to showering and municipal water supply was common among both cases and control subjects: 77% of cases and 76% of control subjects reported showering at least daily. In linear regression, average annual atmospheric water vapor content was significantly predictive of center prevalence (P = 0.0019), with R2 = 0.40. Conclusions: Atmospheric conditions explain more of the variation in disease prevalence than individual behaviors. The risk of specific exposures may vary by geographic region due to differences in conditions favoring mycobacterial growth and survival. However, because exposure to these organisms is ubiquitous and behaviors are similar among persons with and without pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria, genetic susceptibility beyond cystic fibrosis is likely to be important for disease development. Common individual risk factors in high-risk populations remain to be identified.
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environmental risks for Nontuberculous mycobacteria individual exposures and climatic factors in the cystic fibrosis population
Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2014Co-Authors: Rebecca D Prevots, Jennifer Adjemian, Aisling G Fernandez, Michael R Knowles, Kenneth N. OlivierAbstract:Rationale: Persons with cystic fibrosis are at high risk of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, with a national prevalence estimated at 13%. The risk of Nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with specific environmental exposures, and the correlation with climatic conditions in this population has not been described. Objectives: To describe the association of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria with individual exposures to water and soil aerosols, and the population associations of these infections with climatic factors. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within a cohort study of pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria prevalence at 21 geographically diverse national cystic fibrosis centers. Incident Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection cases (at least one prior negative culture followed by one positive culture) were age- and sex-matched to culture-negative controls. Exposures to water and soil were assessed by administering a standardized questionnaire. Cohort prevalence at each of the 21 centers was correlated with climatic conditions in the same area through linear regression modeling. Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 48 cases and 85 control subjects were enrolled. Indoor swimming was associated with incident infection (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.3–26.1), although only nine cases (19%) and five control subjects (6%) reported indoor swimming in the 4 months prior to infection. Exposure to showering and municipal water supply was common among both cases and control subjects: 77% of cases and 76% of control subjects reported showering at least daily. In linear regression, average annual atmospheric water vapor content was significantly predictive of center prevalence (P = 0.0019), with R2 = 0.40. Conclusions: Atmospheric conditions explain more of the variation in disease prevalence than individual behaviors. The risk of specific exposures may vary by geographic region due to differences in conditions favoring mycobacterial growth and survival. However, because exposure to these organisms is ubiquitous and behaviors are similar among persons with and without pulmonary Nontuberculous mycobacteria, genetic susceptibility beyond cystic fibrosis is likely to be important for disease development. Common individual risk factors in high-risk populations remain to be identified.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria the changing epidemiology and treatment challenges in cystic fibrosis
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Janice M Leung, Kenneth N. OlivierAbstract:Purpose of reviewAlthough patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) face numerous infectious pathogens over the course of their lifespan, increasing attention has recently been paid to Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). As reported prevalence rates rise across many countries such as the United States, the
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Janice M Leung, Kenneth N. OlivierAbstract:As a result of their underlying lung disease, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a higher risk of developing Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections compared with the general population. Although NTM may be present intermittently in low amounts in the airways of CF patients without an apparent clinical effect, progressive respiratory decline due to NTM disease may also occur. Identifying this latter group of patients can be challenging for clinicians because the usual symptoms exhibited by infected individuals without CF may be difficult to distinguish from the baseline respiratory dysfunction of a patient with CF. The distinction, however, is of utmost importance because those patients with clinical worsening may benefit considerably from antimycobacterial treatment. For CF patients under evaluation for lung transplantation, NTM can play a critical role in determining overall outcomes, and treatment in the pre- and post-transplant period may be vital to success. A general approach to NTM in CF thus involves surveillance to detect NTM, careful monitoring for associated clinical decline, and consideration of treatment given for those with an otherwise unexplained deterioration. In this review, the epidemiology and clinical course of NTM in CF is described with an algorithm for management proposed.
Joseph O Falkinham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Epidemiologic Trends of the Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Current Environmental Health Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:The Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are waterborne opportunistic pathogens of humans. They are normal inhabitants of premise plumbing, found, for example, in household and hospital shower heads, water taps, aerators, and hot tubs. The hydrophobic NTM are readily aerosolized, and pulmonary infections and hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been traced to the presence of NTM in shower heads. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in automotive workers was traced to the presence of NTM in metal recovery fluid used in grinding operations. Recently, NTM bacteremia in heart transplant patients has been traced to the presence of NTM in water reservoirs of instruments employed in operating rooms to heat and cool patient blood during periods of mechanical circulation. Although NTM are difficult to eradicate from premise plumbing as a consequence of their disinfectant-resistance and formation of biofilms, measures such as reduction of turbidity and reduction in carbon and nitrogen for growth and the installation of microbiological filters can reduce exposure of NTM to susceptible individuals.
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environmental sources of Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Clinics in Chest Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include over 150 species. The source for human infection is the environment. NTM are normal inhabitants of soil and drinking water. NTM grow and persist in many buildings. They are not contaminants of drinking water, but members of the natural drinking water microbial population. Infection occurs because humans share the same habitats. Because the ecology, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence of individual species differs, identifying NTM isolates to species is important. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics. NTM patients are innately sensitive to NTM infection, resulting in reinfection. Knowledge of the sources of NTM can reduce exposure to environmental NTM.
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ecology of Nontuberculous mycobacteria where do human infections come from
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental, opportunistic human pathogens whose reservoirs include peat-rich potting soil and drinking water in buildings and households. In fact, humans are likely surrounded by NTM. NTM are ideally adapted for residence in drinking water distribution systems and household and building plumbing as they are disinfectant-resistant, surface adherent, and able to grow on low concentrations of organic matter. For individuals at risk for NTM infection, measures can be taken to reduce NTM exposure. These include avoiding inhalation of dusts from peat-rich potting soil and aerosols from showers, hot tubs, and humidifiers. A riskanalysis of the presence of NTM in drinking water has not been initiated because the virulence of independent isolates of even single NTM species (e.g., Mycobacterium avium) is quite broad, and virulence determinants have not been identified.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria in household plumbing as possible cause of chronic rhinosinusitis
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Wellington S Tichenor, Barbara A Brownelliott, Richard J Wallace, Jennifer Thurlow, Steven Mcnulty, Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:Symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often persist despite treatment. Because Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs and are found in drinking water that patients may use for sinus irrigation, we investigated whether some CRS patients were infected with NTM in New York, New York, USA, during 2001-2011. Two approaches were chosen: 1) records of NTM-infected CRS patients were reviewed to identify common features of infection and Mycobacterium species; 2) samples from plumbing in households of 8 NTM-infected patients were cultured for NTM presence. In 3 households sampled, M. avium sharing rep-PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis fingerprints identified M. avium isolates clonally related to the patients' isolates. We conclude that patients with treatment-resistant CRS may be infected with NTM and should have cultures performed for NTM so appropriate therapy can be instituted. In addition, the results suggest that CRS patients can be infected by NTM in their household plumbing.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:To determine whether plumbing could be a source of Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, during 2007-2009 I isolated NTM from samples from household water systems of NTM patients. Samples from 22/37 (59%) households and 109/394 (28%) total samples yielded NTM. Seventeen (46%) of the 37 households yielded ≥1 Mycobacterium spp. isolate of the same species as that found in the patient; in 7 of those households, the patient isolate and 1 plumbing isolate exhibited the same repetitive sequence-based PCR DNA fingerprint. Households with water heater temperatures ≤125 degrees C (≤50 degrees C) were significantly more likely to harbor NTM compared with households with hot water temperatures ≥130 degrees F (≥55 degrees C) (p = 0.0107). Although households with water from public or private water systems serving multiple households were more likely to have NTM (19/27, 70%) compared with households with a well providing water to only 1 household (5/12, 42%), that difference was not significant (p = 0.1532).
Richard J Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria in household plumbing as possible cause of chronic rhinosinusitis
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Wellington S Tichenor, Barbara A Brownelliott, Richard J Wallace, Jennifer Thurlow, Steven Mcnulty, Joseph O FalkinhamAbstract:Symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often persist despite treatment. Because Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs and are found in drinking water that patients may use for sinus irrigation, we investigated whether some CRS patients were infected with NTM in New York, New York, USA, during 2001-2011. Two approaches were chosen: 1) records of NTM-infected CRS patients were reviewed to identify common features of infection and Mycobacterium species; 2) samples from plumbing in households of 8 NTM-infected patients were cultured for NTM presence. In 3 households sampled, M. avium sharing rep-PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis fingerprints identified M. avium isolates clonally related to the patients' isolates. We conclude that patients with treatment-resistant CRS may be infected with NTM and should have cultures performed for NTM so appropriate therapy can be instituted. In addition, the results suggest that CRS patients can be infected by NTM in their household plumbing.
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antimicrobial susceptibility testing drug resistance mechanisms and therapy of infections with Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2012Co-Authors: Barbara A Brownelliott, Kevin A Nash, Richard J WallaceAbstract:Summary: Within the past 10 years, treatment and diagnostic guidelines for Nontuberculous mycobacteria have been recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Moreover, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has published and recently (in 2011) updated recommendations including suggested antimicrobial and susceptibility breakpoints. The CLSI has also recommended the broth microdilution method as the gold standard for laboratories performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Nontuberculous mycobacteria. This article reviews the laboratory, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines together with established and probable drug resistance mechanisms of the Nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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in vitro activity of linezolid against slowly growing Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2003Co-Authors: Barbara A Brownelliott, Christopher J Crist, Linda Mann, Rebecca W Wilson, Richard J WallaceAbstract:MICs of linezolid in broth microdilutions were tested against 341 slowly growing Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) belonging to 15 species. The proposed linezolid susceptibility MICs for all Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium malmoense, and Mycobacterium xenopi isolates and for 90% of Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium triplex isolates were ≤8 μg/ml. Linezolid has excellent therapeutic potential against most species of NTM.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria i multicenter prevalence study in cystic fibrosis
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth N. Olivier, Richard J Wallace, Rebecca W Wilson, David J Weber, Ali R Faiz, Jihyun Lee, Yansheng Zhang, Barbara A Brownelliot, Allison Handler, Michael S SchechterAbstract:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potential respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). To assess the species-specific prevalence and risk factors for acquisition, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of NTM and clinical features of patients at 21 U.S. centers. Almost 10% of patients with CF who were 10 years or older were included (n = 986). The overall prevalence of NTM in sputum was 13.0% (range by center, 7-24%). Mycobacterium avium complex (72%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (16%) were the most common species. When compared with patients with CF without NTM, culture-positive subjects were older (26 vs. 22 years, p < 0.001), had a higher FEV1 (60 vs. 54%, p < 0.01), higher frequency of Staphylococcus aureus (43 vs. 31%, p < 0.01), and lower frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71 vs. 82%, p < 0.01). Molecular typing revealed that almost all patients within each center had unique NTM strains. In summary, NTM are common in patients with CF, but neither person-to-person nor nosocomial acquisition explained the high prevalence. Older age was the most significant predictor for isolation of NTM. The clinical significance of NTM in CF is incompletely defined, but patients with these organisms should be monitored with repeat cultures.
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nosocomial outbreaks pseudo outbreaks caused by Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Annual Review of Microbiology, 1998Co-Authors: Richard J Wallace, Barbara A Brown, David E GriffithAbstract:▪ Abstract Nosocomial outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks caused by the Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been recognized for more than 20 years and continue to be a problem. Most of these outbreaks have involved the rapidly growing mycobacterial species Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. abscessus. The reservoir for these outbreaks is generally municipal and (often separate) hospital water supplies. These mycobacterial species and others are incredibly hardy, able to grow in municipal and distilled water, thrive at temperatures of 45°C or above (M. xenopi and M. avium complex), and resist the activity of organomercurials, chlorine, 2% concentrations of formaldehyde and alkaline glutaraldehyde, and other commonly used disinfectants. Disease outbreaks usually involve sternal wound infections, plastic surgery wound infections, or postinjection abscesses. Pseudo-outbreaks most commonly relate to contaminated bronchoscopes and endoscopic cleaning machines (M. abscessus) and contaminated hospital water supplies (M...
Poren Hsueh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulmonary infection and colonization with Nontuberculous mycobacteria taiwan 2000 2012
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Jungyien Chien, Chihcheng Lai, Wanghuei Sheng, Poren HsuehAbstract:We analyzed samples from 13,652 patients who had respiratory cultures positive for mycobacteria in Taiwan during 2000–2012 and found that 56.9% were positive for Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Whereas annual prevalence of tuberculosis decreased during the study period, prevalence of NTM disease and colonization increased, particularly among older patients and male patients.
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high recurrence rate of lymphadenitis due to Nontuberculous mycobacteria and its association with concurrent salmonella infection in taiwan
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 2014Co-Authors: Chenghsiang Hsiao, Poren HsuehAbstract:Background The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of lymphadenitis due to Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Taiwan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who presented to the National Taiwan University Hospital with culture-positive NTM lymphadenitis during the period 2000–2010. Patients with concurrent extranodal involvement were excluded. Results From 2000 to 2010, 15 patients with lymphadenitis caused by Nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified. Most patients (80%, n = 12) were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria. Mycobacterium abscessus was the most common infective species ( n = 8). Recurrence of infection involving multiple organs occurred 2–7 years after the completion of treatment in 11 (73%) patients. Five (33.3%) patients had concurrent Salmonella infections (4 patients with bacteremia and 1 patient with empyema thoracis) during the course of the disease. Conclusion In Taiwanese patients, we found a high recurrence rate of NTM lymphadenitis that was closely associated with Salmonella infections. We also noted that the clinical and epidemiological manifestations of NTM lymphadenitis in Taiwan differed from their manifestations in western countries.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory tract infections eastern asia
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: S O Simons, Poren Hsueh, Jakko Van Ingen, Nguyen Van Hung, P Richard N Dekhuijzen, Martin J Boeree, Dick Van SoolingenAbstract:To characterize the distribution of Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species isolated from pulmonary samples from persons in Asia and their association with pulmonary infections, we reviewed the literature. Mycobacterium avium complex bacteria were most frequently isolated (13%-81%) and were the most common cause of pulmonary NTM disease (43%-81%). Also pathogenic were rapidly growing mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. abscessus). Among all NTM isolated from pulmonary samples, 31% (582/1,744) were considered clinically relevant according to American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria. Most patients were male (79%) and had a history of tuberculosis (37%). In Asia, high prevalence of rapidly growing mycobacteria and a history of tuberculosis are distinct characteristics of pulmonary NTM disease. This geographic variation is not well reflected in the American Thoracic Society criteria for NTM infections and could be incorporated in future guidelines.
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increasing incidence of Nontuberculous mycobacteria taiwan 2000 2008
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Chihcheng Lai, Chekim Tan, Chienhong Chou, Hsiaoleng Hsu, Chunhsing Liao, Yutsung Huang, Panchyr Yang, Kwentay Luh, Poren HsuehAbstract:To assess the species distribution and epidemiologic trends of Nontuberculous mycobacteria, we examined isolates from patients in Taiwan. During 2000–2008, the proportion increased significantly from 32.3% to 49.8%. Associated disease incidence increased from 2.7 to 10.2 cases per 100,000 patients. Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus were most frequently isolated.
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increasing incidence of Nontuberculous mycobacteria
2010Co-Authors: Chihcheng Lai, Chekim Tan, Chienhong Chou, Hsiaoleng Hsu, Chunhsing Liao, Yutsung Huang, Panchyr Yang, Kwentay Luh, Poren HsuehAbstract:To assess the species distribution and epidemiologic trends of Nontuberculous mycobacteria, we examined iso-lates from patients in Taiwan. During 2000–2008, the pro-portion increased signifi cantly from 32.3% to 49.8%. Asso-ciated disease incidence increased from 2.7 to 10.2 cases per 100,000 patients.
Jakko Van Ingen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drug susceptibility testing of Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Future Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Jakko Van Ingen, E J KuijperAbstract:Diseases caused by Nontuberculous mycobacteria are emerging in many settings. With an increased number of patients needing treatment, the role of drug susceptibility testing is again in the spotlight. This articles covers the history and methodology of drug susceptibility tests for Nontuberculous mycobacteria, but focuses on the correlations between in vitro drug susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and in vivo outcomes of treatment. Among slow-growing Nontuberculous mycobacteria, clear correlations have been established for macrolides and amikacin (Mycobacterium avium complex) and for rifampicin (Mycobacterium kansasii). Among rapid-growing mycobacteria, correlations have been established in extrapulmonary disease for aminoglycosides, cefoxitin and co-trimoxazole. In pulmonary disease, correlations are less clear and outcomes of treatment are generally poor, especially for Mycobacterium abscessus. The clinical significance of inducible resistance to macrolides among rapid growers is an important topic. The true role of drug susceptibility testing for Nontuberculous mycobacteria still needs to be addressed, preferably within clinical trials.
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resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing of Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Drug Resistance Updates, 2012Co-Authors: Jakko Van Ingen, Dick Van Soolingen, Martin J Boeree, Johan W MoutonAbstract:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans. For most NTM infections the therapy of choice is drug treatment, but treatment regimens differ by species, in particular between slow (e.g. Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii) and rapid growers (e.g. Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum). In general, drug treatment is long, costly, and often associated with drug-related toxicities; outcome of drug treatment is poor and is likely related to the high levels of natural antibiotic resistance in NTM. The role of drug susceptibility testing (DST) in the choice of agents for antimicrobial treatment of NTM disease, mainly that by slow growers, remains subject of debate. There are important discrepancies between drug susceptibility measured in vitro and the activity of the drug observed in vivo. In part, these discrepancies derive from laboratory technical issues. There is still no consensus on a standardized method. With the increasing clinical importance of NTM disease, DST of NTM is again in the spotlight. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of drug resistance in NTM, phenotypic methods for testing susceptibility in past and current use for DST of NTM, as well as molecular approaches to assess drug resistance.
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rapidly growing Nontuberculous mycobacteria cultured from home tap and shower water
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Jakko Van Ingen, Hetty Blaak, Jessica L De Beer, Ana Maria De Roda Husman, Dick Van SoolingenAbstract:Tap and shower water at two locations in the Netherlands was examined for the presence of rapidly growing Nontuberculous mycobacteria. Cultures yielded Mycobacterium peregrinum, M. salmoniphilum, M. llatzerense, M. septicum, and three potentially novel species, a distribution different from that in clinical samples.
