The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ronald E Wrolstad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sugar and Nonvolatile Acid composition of blackberries.
Journal of AOAC International, 2010Co-Authors: Ho-ju Fan-chiang, Ronald E WrolstadAbstract:Sugar and Nonvolatile Acid analyses were conducted on 52 samples of blackberries (Rubus spp), the objective being to develop a compositional database for evaluating authenticity and quality. °Brix ranged from 6.88 to 16.83, with a mean of 10.82. Titratable Acidity ranged from 0.52 to 2.24 g citric Acid/100 mL, with a mean of 1.35. Sucrose levels (range, 0-12.9%; mean, 4.6%) were highly variable. The overall glucose:fructose ratio ranged from 0.81 to 1.17, with a mean of 1.01. Malic, isocitric, lactoisocitric, citric, shikimic, and fumaric Acids were identified, with succinic Acid being present in some samples. Malic Acid ranged from 5.2 to 35.3% of total Acids (87.5-603 mg/100 g), with a mean of 16.4% (280 mg/100 g). Isocitric Acid ranged from 4.7 to 71.6%, with a mean of 34.7% (599 mg/100 g), and lactoisocitric Acid ranged from 3.4 to 32.6% with a mean of 17.3% (293 mg/100 g). Citric Acid ranged from 1.3 to 80.2%, with a mean of 31.6 (572 mg/100 g). Shikimic, fumaric, and succinic were present in trace quantities. Two patterns of Nonvolatile Acid compositions were evident. Ten commercial blackberry juice samples were analyzed, and it was possible to determine whether they were Marion, Evergreen, or a mixture of the two from their Acid profiles.
-
Sugar, Nonvolatile Acid, 13C/12C Ratio, and Mineral Analysis for Determination of the Authenticity and Quality of Red Raspberry Juice Composition
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 1995Co-Authors: Robert W. Durst, Ronald E Wrolstad, Dana A KruegerAbstract:Analyses of sugars, Nonvolatile Acids, 13 C/ 12 C ratios, and minerals were conducted on 46 samples of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) to develop a compositional database for evaluating authenticity and quality. Sample differences included cultivar (n = 10) and factors such as maturity, geographic origin, mold contamination, and harvesting procedures. A pilot-plant process typical of conventional commercial processing operations was used to process juices, along with newer technologies such as enzymatic liquefaction, diffusion extraction, and direct osmotic concentration. °Brix ranged from 7.0 to 15.0 with a mean of 9.95. All data have been normalized to 9.2 °Brix. Sorbitol expressed as percentage of total sugars ranged from 0 to 0.5% with a mean of 0.15%. Sucrose levels (range, 0-24.1% ; mean, 1.4%) were highly variable. The glucose :fructose ratio ranged from 0.76 to 1.03 with a mean of 0.93. Citric Acid is the major Acid, ranging from 89.8 to 98.9% of total Acids (mean, 95.6% ; 1.70 g/100 mL). Malic Acid ranged from 0.3 to 9.6% of total Acids with a mean of 3.3% (66.1 mg/100 mL). Isocitric Acid ranged from 0.2 to 2.6% (5.7-44.0 mg/100 mL) with mean of 1.1% (17.0 mg/100 mL). Potassium ranged from 108 to 400 mg/100 mL with a mean of 227.8 mg/100 mL. Sodium ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 mg/100 mL with a mean of 2.1 mg/100 mL. Magnesium ranged from 11.3 to 29.4 mg/100 mL with a mean of 18.6 mg/100 mL. Calcium ranged from 8.0 to 16.3 mg/100 mL with a mean of 12.5 mg/100 mL. 13 C/ 12 C ratios ranged from -26.0 to -21.9‰ PDB (PeeDee Belemnite) with a mean of -24.2‰.
-
sugar Nonvolatile Acid 13c 12c ratio and mineral analysis for determination of the authenticity and quality of red raspberry juice composition
Journal of AOAC International, 1995Co-Authors: Robert W. Durst, Ronald E Wrolstad, Dana A KruegerAbstract:Analyses of sugars, Nonvolatile Acids, 13 C/ 12 C ratios, and minerals were conducted on 46 samples of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) to develop a compositional database for evaluating authenticity and quality. Sample differences included cultivar (n = 10) and factors such as maturity, geographic origin, mold contamination, and harvesting procedures. A pilot-plant process typical of conventional commercial processing operations was used to process juices, along with newer technologies such as enzymatic liquefaction, diffusion extraction, and direct osmotic concentration. °Brix ranged from 7.0 to 15.0 with a mean of 9.95. All data have been normalized to 9.2 °Brix. Sorbitol expressed as percentage of total sugars ranged from 0 to 0.5% with a mean of 0.15%. Sucrose levels (range, 0-24.1% ; mean, 1.4%) were highly variable. The glucose :fructose ratio ranged from 0.76 to 1.03 with a mean of 0.93. Citric Acid is the major Acid, ranging from 89.8 to 98.9% of total Acids (mean, 95.6% ; 1.70 g/100 mL). Malic Acid ranged from 0.3 to 9.6% of total Acids with a mean of 3.3% (66.1 mg/100 mL). Isocitric Acid ranged from 0.2 to 2.6% (5.7-44.0 mg/100 mL) with mean of 1.1% (17.0 mg/100 mL). Potassium ranged from 108 to 400 mg/100 mL with a mean of 227.8 mg/100 mL. Sodium ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 mg/100 mL with a mean of 2.1 mg/100 mL. Magnesium ranged from 11.3 to 29.4 mg/100 mL with a mean of 18.6 mg/100 mL. Calcium ranged from 8.0 to 16.3 mg/100 mL with a mean of 12.5 mg/100 mL. 13 C/ 12 C ratios ranged from -26.0 to -21.9‰ PDB (PeeDee Belemnite) with a mean of -24.2‰.
-
Composition and Sensory Characterization of Red Raspberry Juice Concentrated by Direct-Osmosis or Evaporation
Journal of Food Science, 1993Co-Authors: Ronald E Wrolstad, Mina R. Mcdaniel, Robert W. Durst, Nancy J. Micheals, Keith Lampi, Edward BeaudryAbstract:Raspberries were processed into juice and concentrated to 45 o Brix by two processes Osmotek's cold, direct-osmotic concentration process and conventional evaporative technology. Compositional analyses included pH, titratable Acidity, formol value, total anthocyanin pigment, polymeric color, and Nonvolatile Acid, sugar and anthocyanin pigment profiles. Concentration by either process resulted in small anthocyanin pigment losses and formation of fumaric Acid and small increases of polymerized pigment. The aroma and flavor of the experimental samples and nine commercial concentrates were evaluated in a raspberry drink formulation by a trained descriptive flavor panel. Principal component analysis revealed no significant flavor differences between the single-strength juice, the concentrates and three of the commericial samples
-
the effectiveness of pattern recognition sugar Nonvolatile Acid and 13c 12c analyses for detecting adulteration in apple juice
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992Co-Authors: Leticia S Pilando, Ronald E WrolstadAbstract:Abstract Pattern recognition methods were successfully used to classify authentic apple juice by variety and geographic origin on the basis of its sugar composition. The technique was also used to discriminate 10 potential adulterants from authentic apple juice, but it had only limited success in detecting adulteration of apple juice with the adulterants at the 40% level by volume. Analysis of the Nonvolatile Acid profile by more traditional methods enabled the detection of some but not all adulterants. The t,-malic test could detect adulteration at the 20% but not the 10% level. Similarly, adulteration with high fructose corn syrup and pineapple juice could be detected by isotopic carbon analysis at the 20% but not the 10% level.
Leticia S Pilando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the effectiveness of pattern recognition sugar Nonvolatile Acid and 13c 12c analyses for detecting adulteration in apple juice
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992Co-Authors: Leticia S Pilando, Ronald E WrolstadAbstract:Abstract Pattern recognition methods were successfully used to classify authentic apple juice by variety and geographic origin on the basis of its sugar composition. The technique was also used to discriminate 10 potential adulterants from authentic apple juice, but it had only limited success in detecting adulteration of apple juice with the adulterants at the 40% level by volume. Analysis of the Nonvolatile Acid profile by more traditional methods enabled the detection of some but not all adulterants. The t,-malic test could detect adulteration at the 20% but not the 10% level. Similarly, adulteration with high fructose corn syrup and pineapple juice could be detected by isotopic carbon analysis at the 20% but not the 10% level.
-
compositional profiles of fruit juice concentrates and sweeteners
Food Chemistry, 1992Co-Authors: Leticia S Pilando, Ronald E WrolstadAbstract:Abstract Sugar, Nonvolatile Acid, mineral, and UV spectral profiles were determined for seven commercial fruit juice concentrates—‘hard’ pear, ‘soft’ pear, white grape, pineapple, prune, fig and raisin—and three sweeteners—invert beet, invert cane and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Sugar and Nonvolatile Acids were quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sugar analyses included glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol content and Nonvolatile Acid determinations included quinic, malic, citric, tartaric, shikimic, and fumaric Acids. l -Malic content was also determined by enzymic procedures. Mineral composition was measured by induction coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Fruit juice concentrates and sweeteners have characteristic compositional profiles that are useful for evaluating juice quality and authenticity.
-
The effectiveness of pattern recognition, sugar, Nonvolatile Acid, and 13C/12C analyses for detecting adulteration in apple juice☆
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992Co-Authors: Leticia S Pilando, Ronald E WrolstadAbstract:Abstract Pattern recognition methods were successfully used to classify authentic apple juice by variety and geographic origin on the basis of its sugar composition. The technique was also used to discriminate 10 potential adulterants from authentic apple juice, but it had only limited success in detecting adulteration of apple juice with the adulterants at the 40% level by volume. Analysis of the Nonvolatile Acid profile by more traditional methods enabled the detection of some but not all adulterants. The t,-malic test could detect adulteration at the 20% but not the 10% level. Similarly, adulteration with high fructose corn syrup and pineapple juice could be detected by isotopic carbon analysis at the 20% but not the 10% level.
Jerry A. Payne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
THE Nonvolatile Acid AND SUGAR COMPOSITION OF MAYHAW FRUITS (CRATAEGUS AESTIVALIS, C. OPACA, C. RUFULA)
Journal of Food Quality, 1991Co-Authors: Glenn W. Chapman, Robert J. Horvat, Jerry A. PayneAbstract:Nonvolatile Acid and sugar compositions were determined in ten cultivars from three species of mayhaw fruits (Crataegus aestivalis, Walter, Torrey & Gray; C. opaca, Hook. & Arn.; C. rufula, Sarg.). Fructose and glucose were the major sugars and malic Acid was the principle Nonvolatile Acid found in these fruits. Citric Acid, quinic Acid, sorbitol, sucrose, xylose, and inositol were quantitated but were found in lesser amounts and succinic Acid, arabinose, and galactose were trace components in all fruits. Pyruvic Acid and tartaric Acid were tentatively identified in most cultivars based on GC retention times. The Nonvolatile Acid and sugar composition among all mayhaw fruit species were very similar although one unnamed cultivar of C. aestivalis had much higher levels of fructose and glucose, and the cv. T. O. Superberry had higher levels of malic Acid. Malic Acid levels were found to be much higher in mayhaw fruits than the levels reported in other stone and pome fruits. Three cultivars of C. rufula grown under cultivation yielded mature fruit with almost identical Nonvolatile Acid and sugar composition.
-
Sugar and Nonvolatile Acid Composition of Persimmons During Maturation
Journal of Food Science, 1991Co-Authors: S. D. Senter, G. W. Chapman, W. R. Forbus, Jerry A. PayneAbstract:Sugars and Nonvolatile Acids of Japanese persimmons were identified and quantitated by GLC as oxime-TMS derivatives. Sugars quantitated were arabinose, galactose, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Fructose, glucose and sucrose were predominant and present in all cultivars from mature green to fully ripe. Quantities of all sugars varied significantly by cultivar and maturity. Nonvolatile Acids quantitated were succinic, malic, citric, and quinic. Malic was the predominant Acid in all cultivars followed by citric. Quantities of malic increased with maturity; citric decreased. Sorbitol and inositol were present in minor quantities and varied significantly by cultivar and maturity stage.
Julia J. Scialla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Higher net Acid excretion is associated with a lower risk of kidney disease progression in patients with diabetes
Kidney International, 2017Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, L. Lee Hamm, John R. Asplin, Mirela Dobre, Alex R. Chang, James Lash, Chi-yuan Hsu, Radhakrishna Kallem, Harold I. Feldman, Jing ChenAbstract:Higher diet-dependent Nonvolatile Acid load is associated with faster chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, but most studies have used estimated Acid load or measured only components of the gold standard, net Acid excretion (NAE). Here we measured NAE as the sum of urine ammonium and titratable Acidity in 24-hour urines from a random subset of 980 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. In multivariable models accounting for demographics, comorbidity and kidney function, higher NAE was significantly associated with lower serum bicarbonate (0.17 mEq/l lower serum bicarbonate per 10 mEq/day higher NAE), consistent with a larger Acid load. Over a median of 6 years of follow-up, higher NAE was independently associated with a significantly lower risk of the composite of end-stage renal disease or halving of estimated glomerular filtration rate among diabetics (hazard ratio 0.88 per 10 mEq/day higher NAE), but not those without diabetes (hazard ratio 1.04 per 10 mEq/day higher NAE). For comparison, we estimated the Nonvolatile Acid load as net endogenous Acid production using self-reported food frequency questionnaires from 2848 patients and dietary urine biomarkers from 3385 patients. Higher net endogenous Acid production based on biomarkers (urea nitrogen and potassium) was modestly associated with faster CKD progression consistent with prior reports, but only among those without diabetes. Results from the food frequency questionnaires were not associated with CKD progression in any group. Thus, disparate results obtained from analyses of Nonvolatile Acid load directly measured as NAE and estimated from diet suggest a novel hypothesis that the risk of CKD progression related to low NAE or Acid load may be due to diet-independent changes in Acid production in diabetes.
-
Dietary Acid Load: A Novel Nutritional Target in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2013Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Cheryl A.m. AndersonAbstract:Nonvolatile Acid is produced from the metabolism of organic sulfur in dietary protein and the production of organic anions during the combustion of neutral foods. Organic anion salts that are found primarily in plant foods are directly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and yield bicarbonate. The difference between endogenously produced Nonvolatile Acid and absorbed alkali precursors yields the dietary Acid load, technically known as the net endogenous Acid production, and must be excreted by the kidney to maintain Acid-base balance. Although typically 1 mEq/kg/day, dietary Acid load is lower with greater intake of fruits and vegetables. In the setting of CKD, a high dietary Acid load invokes adaptive mechanisms to increase Acid excretion despite reduced nephron number, such as increased per nephron ammoniagenesis and augmented distal Acid excretion mediated by the renin-angiotensin system and endothelin-1. These adaptations may promote kidney injury. Additionally, high dietary Acid loads produce low-grade, subclinical Acidosis that may result in bone and muscle loss. Early studies suggest that lowering the dietary Acid load can improve subclinical Acidosis, preserve bone and muscle, and slow the decline of glomerular filtration rate in animal models and humans. Studies focusing on hard clinical outcomes are needed.
-
plant protein intake is associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 and serum bicarbonate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study
Journal of Renal Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Lawrence J Appel, Edgar R Miller, Myles Wolf, Wei Yang, Xiaoming Zhang, Stephen M Sozio, Lydia A Bazzano, Magdalena Cuevas, Melanie GlennAbstract:Background Protein from plant, as opposed to animal, sources may be preferred in chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of the lower bioavailability of phosphate and lower Nonvolatile Acid load. Study Design Observational cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants A total of 2,938 participants with CKD and information on their dietary intake at the baseline visit in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Predictors Percentage of total protein intake from plant sources (percent plant protein) was determined by scoring individual food items using the National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Outcomes Metabolic parameters, including serum phosphate, bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), potassium, and albumin, plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and hemoglobin levels. Measurements We modeled the association between percent plant protein and metabolic parameters using linear regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes status, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, income, smoking status, total energy intake, total protein intake, 24-hour urinary sodium concentration, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and use of diuretics. Results Higher percent plant protein was associated with lower FGF-23 ( P = .05) and higher HCO 3 ( P = .01) levels, but not with serum phosphate or parathyroid hormone concentrations ( P = .9 and P = .5, respectively). Higher percent plant protein was not associated with higher serum potassium ( P = .2), lower serum albumin ( P = .2), or lower hemoglobin ( P = .3) levels. The associations of percent plant protein with FGF-23 and HCO 3 levels did not differ by diabetes status, sex, race, CKD stage (2/3 vs. 4/5), or total protein intake (≤0.8 g/kg/day vs. >0.8 g/kg/day; P -interaction >.10 for each). Limitations This is a cross-sectional study; determination of percent plant protein using the Diet History Questionnaire has not been validated. Conclusions Consumption of a higher percentage of protein from plant sources may lower FGF-23 and raise HCO 3 levels in patients with CKD.
-
estimated net endogenous Acid production and serum bicarbonate in african americans with chronic kidney disease
Clinical Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 2011Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Lawrence J Appel, Brad C Astor, Edgar R Miller, Srinivasan Beddhu, Mark Woodward, Rulan S Parekh, Cheryl A.m. AndersonAbstract:Summary Background and objectives Metabolic Acidosis may contribute to morbidity and disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ratio of dietary protein, the major source of Nonvolatile Acid, to dietary potassium, which is naturally bound to alkali precursors, can be used to estimate net endogenous Acid production (NEAP). We tested the association between estimated NEAP and serum bicarbonate in patients with CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements NEAP was estimated among 462 African American adults with hypertensive CKD using published equations: NEAP (mEq/d) = −10.2 + 54.5 (protein [g/d]/potassium [mEq/d]). Dietary protein and potassium intake were estimated from 24-hour urinary excretion of urea nitrogen and potassium, respectively. All of the eligible measurements during follow-up were modeled using generalized linear regression clustered by participant and adjusted for demographics, 24-hour urinary sodium, kidney function, and selected medications. Results Higher NEAP was associated with lower serum bicarbonate in a graded fashion (P trend Conclusions Reducing NEAP, through reduction of dietary protein and increased intake of fruits and vegetables, may prevent metabolic Acidosis in patients with CKD.
Cheryl A.m. Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Dietary Acid Load: A Novel Nutritional Target in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2013Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Cheryl A.m. AndersonAbstract:Nonvolatile Acid is produced from the metabolism of organic sulfur in dietary protein and the production of organic anions during the combustion of neutral foods. Organic anion salts that are found primarily in plant foods are directly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and yield bicarbonate. The difference between endogenously produced Nonvolatile Acid and absorbed alkali precursors yields the dietary Acid load, technically known as the net endogenous Acid production, and must be excreted by the kidney to maintain Acid-base balance. Although typically 1 mEq/kg/day, dietary Acid load is lower with greater intake of fruits and vegetables. In the setting of CKD, a high dietary Acid load invokes adaptive mechanisms to increase Acid excretion despite reduced nephron number, such as increased per nephron ammoniagenesis and augmented distal Acid excretion mediated by the renin-angiotensin system and endothelin-1. These adaptations may promote kidney injury. Additionally, high dietary Acid loads produce low-grade, subclinical Acidosis that may result in bone and muscle loss. Early studies suggest that lowering the dietary Acid load can improve subclinical Acidosis, preserve bone and muscle, and slow the decline of glomerular filtration rate in animal models and humans. Studies focusing on hard clinical outcomes are needed.
-
estimated net endogenous Acid production and serum bicarbonate in african americans with chronic kidney disease
Clinical Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 2011Co-Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Lawrence J Appel, Brad C Astor, Edgar R Miller, Srinivasan Beddhu, Mark Woodward, Rulan S Parekh, Cheryl A.m. AndersonAbstract:Summary Background and objectives Metabolic Acidosis may contribute to morbidity and disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ratio of dietary protein, the major source of Nonvolatile Acid, to dietary potassium, which is naturally bound to alkali precursors, can be used to estimate net endogenous Acid production (NEAP). We tested the association between estimated NEAP and serum bicarbonate in patients with CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements NEAP was estimated among 462 African American adults with hypertensive CKD using published equations: NEAP (mEq/d) = −10.2 + 54.5 (protein [g/d]/potassium [mEq/d]). Dietary protein and potassium intake were estimated from 24-hour urinary excretion of urea nitrogen and potassium, respectively. All of the eligible measurements during follow-up were modeled using generalized linear regression clustered by participant and adjusted for demographics, 24-hour urinary sodium, kidney function, and selected medications. Results Higher NEAP was associated with lower serum bicarbonate in a graded fashion (P trend Conclusions Reducing NEAP, through reduction of dietary protein and increased intake of fruits and vegetables, may prevent metabolic Acidosis in patients with CKD.
