The Experts below are selected from a list of 46383 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Winnifred R Louis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do as we say and as we do: the interplay of descriptive and injunctive group norms in the attitude-behaviour relationship.
2007Co-Authors: Joanne R Smith, Winnifred R LouisAbstract:Past research on the social identity approach to attitude-behaviour relations has operationalized group norms as a mixture of both descriptive information (i.e. what most people do themselves) and injunctive information (i.e. what most people approve of). Two experiments (Study 1=185 participants; Study 2=238 participants) were conducted to tease apart the relative effects of descriptive and injunctive group norms. In both studies, university students' attitudes towards current campus issues were obtained, the descriptive and injunctive group norms were manipulated, and participants' post-manipulation attitudes, behavioural willingness, and behaviour were assessed. Study 2 also examined the role of norm source (i.e. in-group vs. out-group injunctive and descriptive norms). In both studies, the injunctive and descriptive in-group norms interacted significantly to Influence attitudes, behavioural willingness, and behaviour. Study 2 revealed that out-group norms were largely ineffective. The research illustrates that in-groups interactively Influence decisions, not only by what they say, but also by what they do, and asserts the value of considering the interaction of descriptive and injunctive norms in accounts of Normative Influence.
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pizza and pop and the student identity the role of referent group norms in healthy and unhealthy eating
2007Co-Authors: Winnifred R Louis, Sarah Davies, Joanne R Smith, Deborah J TerryAbstract:Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (I. Ajzen, 1985, 1991) and referent group (student) norms and identification (D. J. Terry & M. A. Hogg, 1996), the authors longitudinally predicted healthy eating intentions and behavior in a sample of 137 university students. Specifically, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control predicted intentions at Time 1, which predicted self-reported behavior at Time 2. There was also a link between intentions and observed behavior at Time 2. Beyond the planned behavior variables, referent group norms for university students' eating behavior interacted with participants' identification as students to predict healthy eating intentions. The authors discussed implications for researcher's conceptualization of Normative Influence and for interventions into this group's eating behavior.
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Normative Influence and rational conflict decisions group norms and cost benefit analyses for intergroup behavior
2005Co-Authors: Winnifred R Louis, Donald M Taylor, Rebecca L DouglasAbstract:The present paper articulates a model in which ingroup and outgroup norms inform 'rational' decision-making (cost-benefit analysis) for conflict behaviors. Norms Influence perceptions of the consequences of the behavior, and individuals may thus strategically conform to or violate norms in order to acquire benefits and avoid costs. Two studies demonstrate these processes in the context of conflict in Quebec. In the first study, Anglophones' perceptions of Francophone and Anglophone norms for pro-English behaviors predicted evaluations of the benefits and costs of the behaviors, and these cost-benefit evaluations in turn mediated the norm-intention links for both group norms. In the second study, a manipulated focus on supportive versus hostile ingroup and outgroup norms also predicted cost-benefit evaluations, which mediated the norm-intention relationships. The studies support a model of strategic conflict choices in which group norms inform, rather than suppress, rational expectancy value processes. Implications for theories of decision-making and Normative Influence are discussed.
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understanding the september 11 terrorist attack on america the role of intergroup theories of Normative Influence
2002Co-Authors: Winnifred R Louis, Donald M TaylorAbstract:The present article analyzes the September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in terms of current theories of Normative Influence in intergroup conflict. The (conflicting) implications of various social psychological models of decision making for Western and American attempts to reduce the likelihood of further attacks are delineated. We examine the implications of social identity models and models of outgroup Normative Influence, as well as dynamic models of intergroup behavior that focus on the polarizing effects of outgroup hostility. The Influence of Western responses is distinguished for various target audiences, including not only the terrorists, but also pro-Western Muslims in North America and Europe, unaligned Muslims, and Muslims with anti-American feelings who do not endorse terrorism.
Barbara B Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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guided group discussion and attitude change the roles of Normative and informational Influence
2008Co-Authors: Carol M Werner, Carol Sansone, Barbara B BrownAbstract:Abstract Kurt Lewin and others have showed that group discussion effectively changed attitudes and behaviors compared to individually targeted messages. This study examines the roles of Normative and informational social Influence in this effect. High school students heard a message about replacing toxic products with nontoxic alternatives; classes were randomly assigned to hear the message delivered as a lecture or via guided group discussion. For female students ( N =250 in 26 classes), HLM mediation analyses suggested Normative Influence predominated: Discussion was more effective than lecture and this effect was fully mediated by students’ perceptions that other students endorsed nontoxics. Content analyses of students’ comments indicated that three kinds of remarks led female students to this perception: (1) sharing knowledge about nontoxics; (2) asking questions about nontoxics; and (3) little praise for toxic products. For male students in separate HLM analyses ( N =107 in 19 of the same classes), informational Influence was most apparent: Postmeeting attitudes were higher after discussion than lecture, and this effect was partially mediated by cognitive elaboration about the message (but not perceptions others endorsed the message). In addition, males’ quiz grades were higher after discussion, and students’ comments fully mediated the discussion to quiz grades relationship. Results support the importance of hearing others’ promessage comments for changing socially motivated behaviors, although the routes of Influence appear to differ for these samples of male and female students.
Serge Guimond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attitude Change During College: Normative or Informational Social Influence?
1997Co-Authors: Serge GuimondAbstract:Students from a small, tightly knit military college participated in a longitudinal study which assessed attitudes toward sociopolitical issues as well as military attitudes at entrance and three years later. A college-wide change in a conservative direction was predicted and observed (p < .001). While a Normative Influence explanation argues that peer group pressure is responsible for such attitude change, an explanation based on informational Influence would argue that the knowledge communicated by faculty also plays a role. The results confirmed the existence of peer group Influence on measures of military attitudes but not on measures of sociopolitical attitudes. Rather, and consistent with a process of informational Influence, the academic major pursued by the students emerged as a significant predictor of change in sociopolitical attitudes, regardless of reference group identification.
Scott A. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms
2006Co-Authors: Michael A Hogg, Scott A. ReidAbstract:We articulate the role of norms within the social identity perspective as a basis for theorizing a number of manifestly communicative phenomena. We describe how group norms are cognitively represented as context-dependent prototypes that capture the distinctive properties of groups. The same process that governs the psychological salience of different prototypes, and thus generates group Normative behavior, can be used to understand the formation, perception, and diffusion of norms, and also how some group members, for example, leaders, have more Normative Influence than others. life illustrate this process across a number of phenomena and make suggestions for future interfaces between the social identity perspective and communication research. We believe that the social identity approach represents a truly integrative force for the communication discipline.
Bruna Brands - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring perceptions among people who drive after cannabis use collision risk comparative optimism and Normative Influence
2019Co-Authors: Christine M Wickens, Tara Marie Watson, Robert E Mann, Bruna BrandsAbstract:Introduction and aims While the perceived risks of driving under the Influence of cannabis (DUIC) have been a focus of recent drug-driving research, relevant concepts from the social cognition literature have rarely been applied to inform understanding of DUIC. This study aims to expand knowledge of perceived collision risk and social Influences associated with DUIC and driving after other substance use. Design and methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants of a remedial program for impaired drivers. Thematic analysis began with two independent coders. Early discussion of emergent themes resulted in the identification of applicable social cognition concepts, resulting in selective coding and interpretation. Results Many participants identified DUIC as less risky than driving under the Influence of alcohol or other drugs. Mixed perceptions regarding the dangerousness of DUIC were expressed, with some participants denying increased collision risk except among novice cannabis users. Comparative optimism bias was also expressed by participants who perceived themselves as less likely than others to be involved in a collision when DUIC. In view of Normative Influence, friends were generally seen as more accepting of DUIC than family, and there were indications that the opinions of others who use cannabis were regarded as more credible than the opinions of those who do not use the drug. Discussion and conclusions Comparative optimism bias and Normative Influence may contribute to perceived risks associated with DUIC and may, therefore, be useful concepts to employ to increase the effectiveness of public health and road safety initiatives.