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Thomas Alured Faunce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • will international human rights subsume medical ethics intersections in the unesco universal bioethics declaration
    2005
    Co-Authors: Thomas Alured Faunce
    Abstract:

    The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is currently drafting a Universal Bioethics Declaration (“the declaration”). The content and even the name of the declaration has yet to be finalised, but it is expected to range widely over human and non-human bioethics. It appears likely to include many articles directly related to medical ethics. The declaration may well evolve, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , into a component of international customary law, or be the precursor to an International Convention on Bioethics . This article discusses whether this process will facilitate bioethics and, in particular, medical ethics, being subsumed by the Normative System of international human rights.

  • will international human rights subsume medical ethics intersections in the unesco universal bioethics declaration
    2004
    Co-Authors: Thomas Alured Faunce
    Abstract:

    The professional regulatory System known as medical ethics has been one of the most visionary and socially valuable creations of the medical profession. Its beneficial influence has extended beyond physician/patient relations, to the shaping of many key humanistic and egalitarian features of the world’s legal and political institutions. The continued existence of medical ethics as a professionally influential Normative System, however, is being challenged by international human rights. The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, is likely to be an important point of intersection in this process.

Frieder Stolzenburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • automated reasoning in deontic logic
    2014
    Co-Authors: Ulrich Furbach, Claudia Schon, Frieder Stolzenburg
    Abstract:

    Deontic logic is a very well researched branch of mathematical logic and philosophy. Various kinds of deontic logics are discussed for different application domains like argumentation theory, legal reasoning, and acts in multi-agent Systems. In this paper, we show how standard deontic logic can be stepwise transformed into description logic and DL- clauses, such that it can be processed by Hyper, a high performance theorem prover which uses a hypertableau calculus. Two use cases, one from multi-agent research and one from the development of Normative System are investigated.

Leendert Van Der Torre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Normative framework for Normative System change
    2009
    Co-Authors: Guido Boella, Gabriella Pigozzi, Leendert Van Der Torre
    Abstract:

    Normative Systems in a multiagent System must be able to evolve over time, for example due to actions creating or removing norms in the System. The only formal framework to evaluate and classify Normative System change methods is the so-called AGM framework of theory change, which has originally been developed as a framework to describe and classify both belief and Normative System change. However, it has been used for belief change only, since the beliefs or norms are represented as propositional formulas. We therefore propose, as a Normative framework for Normative System change, to replace propositional formulas in the AGM framework of theory change by pairs of propositional formulas, representing the rule based character of norms, and to add several principles from the input/output logic framework. In this new framework, we show that some of the AGM properties cannot be expressed, and other properties are consistent only for some logics, but not for others.

  • a logical architecture of a Normative System
    2006
    Co-Authors: Guido Boella, Leendert Van Der Torre
    Abstract:

    Logical architectures combine several logics into a more complex logical System. In this paper we study a logical architecture using input/output operations corresponding to the functionality of logical components. We illustrate how the architectural approach can be used to develop a logic of a Normative System based on logics of counts-as conditionals, institutional constraints, obligations and permissions. In this example we adapt for counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints a proposal of Jones and Sergot, and for obligations and permissions we adapt the input/output logic framework of Makinson and van der Torre. We use our architecture to study logical relations among counts-as conditionals, institutional constraints, obligations and permissions. We show that in our logical architecture the combined System of counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints reduces to the logic of institutional constraints, which again reduces to an expression in the underlying base logic. Counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints are defined as a pre-processing step for the regulative norms. Permissions are defined as exceptions to obligations and their interaction is characterized.

  • an architecture of a Normative System counts as conditionals obligations and permissions
    2006
    Co-Authors: Guido Boella, Leendert Van Der Torre
    Abstract:

    Normative Systems are traditionally described and analyzed using deontic logic, describing the logical relations among obligations and permissions. However, there is still a gap between deontic logic and Normative multi-agent Systems such as electronic institutions, which may be seen as an instance of the gap between on the one hand logical agent specification languages and on the other hand agent architectures and programming languages. To bridge the gap, in this paper we propose an architecture containing separate subSystems or components for counts-as conditionals, conditional obligations and conditional permissions. We add a norm database component in which the three kinds of rules are stored, and we use a channel based coordination model to describe the relations among the four Normative components.

  • an architecture of a Normative System
    2006
    Co-Authors: Countsas Conditionals, Permissions Guido Boella, Leendert Van Der Torre
    Abstract:

    Normative Systems are traditionally described and analyzed using deontic logic, describing the logical relations among obligations and permissions. However, there is still a gap between deontic logic and Normative multi-agent Systems such as electronic institutions, which may be seen as an instance of the gap between on the one hand logical agent speciflcation languages and on the other hand agent architectures and programming languages. To bridge the gap, in this paper we propose an architecture containing separate subSystems or components for counts-as conditionals, conditional obligations and conditional permissions. We add a norm database component in which the three kinds of rules are stored, and we use a channel based coordination model to describe the relations among the four Normative components.

Raffaella Brighi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • time model for managing the dynamic of Normative System
    2006
    Co-Authors: Monica Palmirani, Raffaella Brighi
    Abstract:

    An important need is arising in the eGovernment era: to produce updated law corpora in order to improve democracy and justice in the European new enlarged System. This article intends to propose a formal model for managing the dynamic of the norms in the time with twofold objectives: provide a set of rule for designing a legal information System able to produce in automatic way the law in force; guarantee the main principles of the theory of law such as coherence of the Normative System, certness of the legislative order, knowness of the law in force.

Pilar Dellunde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • on the multimodal logic of elementary Normative Systems
    2007
    Co-Authors: Pilar Dellunde
    Abstract:

    We introduce Multimodal Logics of Normative Systems as a contribution to the development of a general logical framework for reasoning about Normative Systems over logics for Multi-Agent Systems. Given a multimodal logic L, with standard Kripke semantics, for every modality □i and Normative System η, we expand the language adding a new modality □iη with the intended meaning of □iηφ, being “φ is obligatory in the context of the Normative System η over the logic L”. In this expanded language we define the Multimodal Logic of Normative Systems over L, for any given set of Normative Systems N, and give a sound and complete axiomatisation for this logic, proving transfer results in the case that L and N are axiomatised by sets of Sahlqvist or shallow modal formulas.

  • on the multimodal logic of Normative Systems
    2007
    Co-Authors: Pilar Dellunde
    Abstract:

    We introduce Multimodal Logics of Normative Systems as a contribution to the development of a general logical framework for reasoning about Normative Systems over logics for Multi-Agent Systems. Given a multimodal logic L, for every modality □i and Normative System η, we expand the language adding a new modality □iη with the intended meaning of □iηΦ being "Φ is obligatory in the context of the Normative System η over the logic L". In this expanded language we define the Multimodal Logic of Normative Systems over L, for any given set of Normative Systems N, and we give a sound and complete axiomatisation for this logic, proving transfer and model checking results. The special case when L and N are axiomatised by sets of Sahlqvist or shallow modal formulas is studied.