The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michel Berthelemy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear Reactors construction costs the role of lead time standardization and technological progress
Energy Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Michel Berthelemy, Lina Escobar RangelAbstract:This paper provides the first comparative analysis of Nuclear reactor construction costs in France and the United States. Studying the cost of Nuclear power has often been a challenge, owing to the lack of reliable data sources and heterogeneity between countries, as well as the long time horizon which requires controlling for input prices and structural changes. We build a simultaneous system of equations for overnight costs and construction time (lead-time) to control for endogeneity, using expected demand variation as an instrument. We argue that benefits from Nuclear reactor program standardization can arise through short term coordination gains, when the diversity of Nuclear Reactors' technologies under construction is low, or through long term benefits from learning spillovers from past reactor construction experience, if those spillovers are limited to similar Reactors. We find that overnight construction costs benefit directly from learning spillovers but that these spillovers are only significant for Nuclear models built by the same Architect Engineer (A-E). In addition, we show that the standardization of Nuclear Reactors under construction has an indirect and positive effect on construction costs through a reduction in lead-time, the latter being one of the main drivers of construction costs. Conversely, we also explore the possibility of learning by searching and find that, contrary to other energy technologies, innovation leads to construction costs increases.
Lina Escobar Rangel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear Reactors construction costs the role of lead time standardization and technological progress
Energy Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Michel Berthelemy, Lina Escobar RangelAbstract:This paper provides the first comparative analysis of Nuclear reactor construction costs in France and the United States. Studying the cost of Nuclear power has often been a challenge, owing to the lack of reliable data sources and heterogeneity between countries, as well as the long time horizon which requires controlling for input prices and structural changes. We build a simultaneous system of equations for overnight costs and construction time (lead-time) to control for endogeneity, using expected demand variation as an instrument. We argue that benefits from Nuclear reactor program standardization can arise through short term coordination gains, when the diversity of Nuclear Reactors' technologies under construction is low, or through long term benefits from learning spillovers from past reactor construction experience, if those spillovers are limited to similar Reactors. We find that overnight construction costs benefit directly from learning spillovers but that these spillovers are only significant for Nuclear models built by the same Architect Engineer (A-E). In addition, we show that the standardization of Nuclear Reactors under construction has an indirect and positive effect on construction costs through a reduction in lead-time, the latter being one of the main drivers of construction costs. Conversely, we also explore the possibility of learning by searching and find that, contrary to other energy technologies, innovation leads to construction costs increases.
A.a. Ivanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calculation of dynamic characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
Proceedings of MELECON '94. Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 1994Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:This paper describes a method for the calculation of dynamic characteristics of linear step motors (LSM) being developed for control rod drives (CRD) in large Nuclear Reactors. Dynamic characteristics include the armature speed-versus-displacement and displacement-versus-time characteristics of the motor. The method takes into account transient processes in stator windings (exciting coils) and mechanical forces the armature is likely to be acted upon in practical exploitation of such motors. Various theoretical results are presented to show the effects of these transient processes and frictional force caused by eccentricity between stator and armature on the dynamic characteristics of LSM.
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Finite element modelling of magnetic fields and calculation of static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
1994 Second International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics, 1994Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:Describes an accurate method for the calculation of the static characteristics of linear step motors (LSMs) used as actuators in control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors. By static characteristics, the authors mean the electromagnetic force developed by the motor versus armature displacement curve that determines motor performance in its standing and dynamic modes of operation. The method is based on the modelling and computation of nonlinear axisymmetric magnetic fields in the LSM using the finite element technique. Some of the simulation results are compared with available experimental data which validates the developed method.
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Calculation of static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors-an approximate approach
1993 Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives (Conf. Publ. No. 376), 1993Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:This paper describes an approximate method for calculating the static characteristics of linear step motors (LSM), being developed for control rod drives (CRD) in large Nuclear Reactors. The static characteristic of such a LSM which is given by the variation of electromagnetic force with armature displacement determines the motor performance in its standing and dynamic modes. The approximate method of calculation of these characteristics is based on the permeance analysis method applied to the phase magnetic circuit of LSM. This is a simple, fast and efficient analytical approach which gives satisfactory results for small stator currents and weak iron saturation, typical to the standing mode of operation of LSM. The method is validated by comparing theoretical results with experimental ones.
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Methods of calculation of magnetic fields and static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1992Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:The performance of linear step motors (LSMs) which are being developed for control rod drives in Nuclear Reactors is governed by their static characteristics. The reliability of control rod drive mechanisms and the safety of the reactor depend on reliable performance of these motors. The authors describe methods of calculation of magnetic fields and static characteristics of LSMs. Two methods have been developed, approximate and accurate. The first method, less computationally intensive, could be used for small currents and weak iron saturation, while the second, based on accurate field modeling, takes into account saturation effects which considerably affect motor performance.
Michael A Futterer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic viability of small Nuclear Reactors in future european cogeneration markets
Energy Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Johan Carlsson, David Shropshire, Aliki Van Heek, Michael A FuttererAbstract:Small Nuclear Reactors align well with the small heat-capacity needs for many European process industries. Combined heat and power (CHP) Reactors can support the EU low-carbon society goals while providing stability in production and cost. High temperature reactor technologies are well suited for the production of “high value” heat by producing temperatures of 200–550°C. However, little is known about the market potential or economic competitiveness of these Reactors in future European cogeneration markets. This study shows that the greatest potential is in chemical/petroleum, paper, metal, and bioenergy markets with small capacities (50–250MWth). Target market costs for coal-CHP and natural gas-CHP were determined to range from 60–100€/MWh and 95–208€/MWh, respectively. Costs for “heat-only” ranges from 30–60€/MWh based on gas boilers. Parametric analysis was used to create a cost breakdown (capital, operations and maintenance, fuel, and decommissioning) for an equivalent Nuclear CHP that could compete against coal-CHP and natural gas-CHP. Sensitivity analysis showed that reactor capital costs and the costs of capital had the largest influence on competitiveness. In summary, the opportunities for Nuclear CHP are highest in natural gas-CHP markets; however the benefits for CO2 reduction were greatest against coal-CHP.
S.h. Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calculation of dynamic characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
Proceedings of MELECON '94. Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 1994Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:This paper describes a method for the calculation of dynamic characteristics of linear step motors (LSM) being developed for control rod drives (CRD) in large Nuclear Reactors. Dynamic characteristics include the armature speed-versus-displacement and displacement-versus-time characteristics of the motor. The method takes into account transient processes in stator windings (exciting coils) and mechanical forces the armature is likely to be acted upon in practical exploitation of such motors. Various theoretical results are presented to show the effects of these transient processes and frictional force caused by eccentricity between stator and armature on the dynamic characteristics of LSM.
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Finite element modelling of magnetic fields and calculation of static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
1994 Second International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics, 1994Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:Describes an accurate method for the calculation of the static characteristics of linear step motors (LSMs) used as actuators in control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors. By static characteristics, the authors mean the electromagnetic force developed by the motor versus armature displacement curve that determines motor performance in its standing and dynamic modes of operation. The method is based on the modelling and computation of nonlinear axisymmetric magnetic fields in the LSM using the finite element technique. Some of the simulation results are compared with available experimental data which validates the developed method.
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Calculation of static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors-an approximate approach
1993 Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives (Conf. Publ. No. 376), 1993Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:This paper describes an approximate method for calculating the static characteristics of linear step motors (LSM), being developed for control rod drives (CRD) in large Nuclear Reactors. The static characteristic of such a LSM which is given by the variation of electromagnetic force with armature displacement determines the motor performance in its standing and dynamic modes. The approximate method of calculation of these characteristics is based on the permeance analysis method applied to the phase magnetic circuit of LSM. This is a simple, fast and efficient analytical approach which gives satisfactory results for small stator currents and weak iron saturation, typical to the standing mode of operation of LSM. The method is validated by comparing theoretical results with experimental ones.
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Methods of calculation of magnetic fields and static characteristics of linear step motors for control rod drives of Nuclear Reactors
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1992Co-Authors: S.h. Khan, A.a. IvanovAbstract:The performance of linear step motors (LSMs) which are being developed for control rod drives in Nuclear Reactors is governed by their static characteristics. The reliability of control rod drive mechanisms and the safety of the reactor depend on reliable performance of these motors. The authors describe methods of calculation of magnetic fields and static characteristics of LSMs. Two methods have been developed, approximate and accurate. The first method, less computationally intensive, could be used for small currents and weak iron saturation, while the second, based on accurate field modeling, takes into account saturation effects which considerably affect motor performance.
