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Timothy M Crowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The digestibility of raw and processed soybeans by Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris
Ostrich, 2020Co-Authors: C.s. Ratcliffe, Timothy M Crowe, R. M. Gous, H.k. Swatson, W.r.j. DeanAbstract:Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris, populations have declined significantly within the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal since the early 1980s. Because guineafowl have been observed feeding on harvested soybean lands and because raw soybeans are known to contain anti-nutritional factors, research into the digestibility of raw soybeans was conducted to investigate possible localized factors in suppressing populations of these birds. A digestibility study was carried out on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the amino acids of both raw and processed soybeans, as well as a number of other feed ingredients, using Helmeted Guineafowl and adult roosters, Gallus gallus, as a control. The results of the energy balance studies were similar for both the guineafowl and the roosters. Soybean, both raw and processed, was found to be comparable with the other feed ingredients in terms of the digestibility of gross energy, but the amino acid digestibility of raw soybeans was considerably lower than that of processed...
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Fowl play: identification and management of hybridisation between wild and domestic Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in South Africa
Ostrich, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew L Walker, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Charles S Ratcliffe, Timothy M CroweAbstract:This study investigates the possibility of hybridisation between introduced domestic Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris, derived from the West African subspecies N. m. galeata, and South African guineafowl, N. m. coronata. There is putative morphological evidence of such hybridisation in wild populations and it is known that domestic guineafowl do not survive well in the wild. Molecular analysis of the control region of mtDNA confirmed the occurrence of the domestic guineafowl haplotype in individuals present in wild populations from KwaZulu-Natal, but not in birds from populations from the Free State. Thus, despite the absence of the availability of bi-parentally inherited nuclear DNA marker, the presence of the domestic haplotype in individuals of both wild and intermediate phenotype (between wild and domestic birds) suggests that there is hybridisation in the wild between domestic and wild guineafowl. To avoid potential negative affects associated with outbreeding depression, we argue for careful con...
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anatomy of the vascular system of the head and neck of the helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Timothy M Crowe, A A CroweAbstract:The vascular anatomy of the head and neck of eight adult helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) was investigated by latex injections and dissection, resin casting, and lipidol injections and X-ray photography. The vascular anatomy of these regions is similar to that of the domestic fowl Gallus domesticus, the main differences being in the helmet, wattle and cere vascularization, and the presence of a nape-cheek rete in N. meleagris. It is postulated that five vascular arrangements in the head and neck are important in brain temperature regulation. These arrangements are: the nape-cheek rete, the temporal rete, fine arteriovenous networks in the wattles and cere, and the cavernous sinus-intercarotid association. All but the last of these arrangements require pathways of blood flow to the brain other than the most direct route. Such pathways are discussed.
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age and sex based variation in helminth infection of helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris with comments on swainson s spurfowl pternistis swainsonii and orange river francolin scleroptila levaillantoides
South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Owen R Davies, Kerstin Junker, Raymond Jansen, Timothy M Crowe, Jacob Diederik Frederik BoomkerAbstract:Gastrointestinal tracts from 48 helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris), five Swainson's spurfowl (Pternistis swainsonii) and a single Orange River francolin (Scleroptila levaillantoides) were examined for helminth parasites. Twelve species of helminths were found in helmeted guineafowl, comprising six nematodes, five cestodes and a single acanthocephalan. Six species of nematodes were recovered from Swainson's spurfowl and a single nematode was recovered from the Orange River francolin. First-year guineafowl had more than twice the intensity of infection than did adult guineafowl, particularly regarding the acanthocephalan Mediorhynchus gallinarum, the caecal nematodes Subulura dentigera and S. suctoria, and the cestodes Octopetalum Numida, Hymenolepis cantaniana and Numidella Numida. Female guineafowl had significantly higher intensities of infection than males, especially concerning M. gallinarum, S. dentigera and N. Numida and the nematode Gongylonema congolense. The recovery of the cestode Retinometra sp. from helmeted guineafowl constitutes a new host-parasite record.
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The diet of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in the Riemland of the northeastern Free State, South Africa
South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Helen Prinsloo, Victor Harley, Brian K. Reilly, Timothy M CroweAbstract:This study was conducted to determine the diet of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in the Riemland and to establish the effects that these gamebirds may be having on cash crop yield. In the Riemland farming community many farmers complain of harvest losses suffered to guineafowl. It was found that the main dietary items during all seasons are corms of weed plants, primarily Cyperus spp. Helmeted guineafowl rely to a large degree on waste maize and germinating wheat during winter when natural food is difficult to find. Although they do not pose any problems with regard to maize farming, this is not necessarily true for wheat farming.
Johann H Van Niekerk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Roosting requirements of Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris on Highveld grain and livestock farms with alien tree groves, Gauteng province, South Africa
Ostrich, 2018Co-Authors: Johann H Van NiekerkAbstract:This study describes the relationship between Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris and invasive alien trees on livestock and maize farms south-east of Johannesburg, Gauteng province, South Africa. The dependence of the birds on alien trees affects strategies for the removal of these trees. During June to December 2014, Helmeted Guineafowl were recorded weekly on maps along a 42 km transect. Since Helmeted Guineafowl live in cohesive social groups of 15–20 birds, they roost communally in one or two trees during winter rather than spreading across an entire tree grove. The distribution of alien trees across the landscape in patches has enabled Helmeted Guineafowl flocks to reach new feeding patches near to roosting trees, as old feeding patches are depleted. One Helmeted Guineafowl flock of 15–20 birds requires ∼0.09 ha covered with mature alien trees for roosting. Suggestions are presented relating to the reduction of alien trees in compliance with the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 ...
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Pair Formation During Summer Exonerates Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris, as a Germinating Maize Seedling Destroyer
African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2015Co-Authors: Johann H Van NiekerkAbstract:This article describes flocking behaviour and dispersion of Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris, on and around maize fields during the crop-sowing period (November–December), reflects diet analyses and estimates seed loss. A field transect survey (80 km) was conducted through maize farms in the Heidelberg, Vaaldam area (Gauteng province) and the Balfour area (Mpumalanga province) in South Africa during 2013 to count Guineafowl. Maize, Zea mays, seed loss ascribed to Guineafowl was estimated to be
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pair formation during summer exonerates helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris as a germinating maize seedling destroyer
African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2015Co-Authors: Johann H Van NiekerkAbstract:This article describes flocking behaviour and dispersion of Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris, on and around maize fields during the crop-sowing period (November–December), reflects diet analyses and estimates seed loss. A field transect survey (80 km) was conducted through maize farms in the Heidelberg, Vaaldam area (Gauteng province) and the Balfour area (Mpumalanga province) in South Africa during 2013 to count Guineafowl. Maize, Zea mays, seed loss ascribed to Guineafowl was estimated to be <0.12% of the total harvest. This low impact is probably due to the low density of Guineafowl because of breeding territories required by pairs.
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Habitat preferences of Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris in the Krugersdorp Game Reserve, Gauteng province, South Africa
Ostrich, 2013Co-Authors: Johann H Van NiekerkAbstract:Field surveys were conducted in the Krugersdorp Game Reserve, Gauteng province, South Africa, during 1978–1981 to study the habitat preferences of Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris. The study area was traversed with a vehicle in the late afternoons on a set route (12 km) and at least one observation was conducted each month during the three-year period. With the aid of binoculars all guineafowl that were sighted were counted and recorded on a map. The purposes were to (1) describe the habitat preferences of guineafowl and (2) to demonstrate that weeds attracted guineafowl during winter and can be retained in modified landscapes (e.g. farms) to provide important microhabitats. The highest mean monthly density across five habitat categories throughout the year was recorded in old vegetable gardens. The old vegetable gardens of c. 35 ha attracted more than 60% of the guineafowl population from April to October, which was mainly during winter when the birds scratched actively in weedy patches.
Lassad Neifar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Meggittina Numida n. sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae), a parasite of the Shaw’s jird Meriones shawi (Duvernoy) (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in Tunisia
Systematic Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Jamel Jrijer, Lassad NeifarAbstract:Meggittina Numida n. sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae: Skrjabinotaeniinae) is described from the small intestine of the Shaw’s jird Meriones shawi (Duvernoy) (Rodentia, Muridae, Gerbillinae) trapped in central Tunisia. The new species can be distinguished from the four other members of Meggittina Lynsdale, 1953 by the high number of proglottids (8–25 vs max. 6) and by the elongated strobila (8.2–60 mm in length vs max. 5.6 mm). M Numida n. sp. further differs from M. cricetomydis (Hockley, 1961) in the direction of gravid proglottids; from M. baeri Lynsdale, 1953 in having narrower and much longer strobila; from M. aegyptiaca (Wolfgang, 1956) in the greater number of testes and the larger cirrus-sac; and from M. gerbilli in the position of the genital pore. The diagnosis of Meggittina is amended in order to include the most specific features of M. Numida n. sp. as follows: strobila consisting of a small scolex, wide neck and one to twenty-five proglottids. This is the first species of Meggittina described from Tunisia. The taxonomic relationships of Meggittina spp. are discussed in the light of the description of the new species.
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Meggittina Numida n. sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae), a parasite of the Shaw's jird Meriones shawi (Duvernoy) (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in Tunisia.
Systematic Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Jamel Jrijer, Lassad NeifarAbstract:Meggittina Numida n. sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae: Skrjabinotaeniinae) is described from the small intestine of the Shaw’s jird Meriones shawi (Duvernoy) (Rodentia, Muridae, Gerbillinae) trapped in central Tunisia. The new species can be distinguished from the four other members of Meggittina Lynsdale, 1953 by the high number of proglottids (8–25 vs max. 6) and by the elongated strobila (8.2–60 mm in length vs max. 5.6 mm). M Numida n. sp. further differs from M. cricetomydis (Hockley, 1961) in the direction of gravid proglottids; from M. baeri Lynsdale, 1953 in having narrower and much longer strobila; from M. aegyptiaca (Wolfgang, 1956) in the greater number of testes and the larger cirrus-sac; and from M. gerbilli in the position of the genital pore. The diagnosis of Meggittina is amended in order to include the most specific features of M. Numida n. sp. as follows: strobila consisting of a small scolex, wide neck and one to twenty-five proglottids. This is the first species of Meggittina described from Tunisia. The taxonomic relationships of Meggittina spp. are discussed in the light of the description of the new species.
Helen Prinsloo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The diet of helmeted guineafowl ( Numida meleagris ) in the Riemland of the northeastern Free State, South Africa : short communication
South African Journal of Wildlife Research - 24-month delayed open access, 2008Co-Authors: Helen Prinsloo, Victor Harley, Brian K. Reilly, Timothy M CroweAbstract:This study was conducted to determine the diet of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in the Riemland and to establish the effects that these gamebirds may be having on cash crop yield. In the Riemland farming community many farmers complain of harvest losses suffered to guineafowl. It was found that the main dietary items during all seasons are corms of weed plants, primarily Cyperus spp. Helmeted guineafowl rely to a large degree on waste maize and germinating wheat during winter when natural food is difficult to find. Although they do not pose any problems with regard to maize farming, this is not necessarily true for wheat farming.
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The diet of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in the Riemland of the northeastern Free State, South Africa
South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Helen Prinsloo, Victor Harley, Brian K. Reilly, Timothy M CroweAbstract:This study was conducted to determine the diet of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) in the Riemland and to establish the effects that these gamebirds may be having on cash crop yield. In the Riemland farming community many farmers complain of harvest losses suffered to guineafowl. It was found that the main dietary items during all seasons are corms of weed plants, primarily Cyperus spp. Helmeted guineafowl rely to a large degree on waste maize and germinating wheat during winter when natural food is difficult to find. Although they do not pose any problems with regard to maize farming, this is not necessarily true for wheat farming.
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Sex-related variation in morphology of helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) from the Riemland of the northeastern Free State, South Africa : short communication
South African Journal of Wildlife Research - 24-month delayed open access, 2005Co-Authors: Helen Prinsloo, Victor Harley, Brian K. Reilly, Timothy M CroweAbstract:In the hope of developing a relatively simple, nondestructive way of sexing adult helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) , sexual differences in body mass and in the size of head adornments of adult helmeted guineafowl sampled during the winter months in the Riemland district of the northeastern Free State, South Africa, were investigated. Males have statistically significantly larger values for all attributes than do females. However, no single attribute, nor a combination of them, can be used to sex guineafowl unambiguously.
Jose L Luque - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular and morphological characterization of anisakid nematode larvae from the sandperches pseudopercis Numida and pinguipes brasilianus perciformes pinguipedidae off brazil
Journal of Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Camila Pantoja, J N Borges, C P Santos, Jose L LuqueAbstract:Morphological and genetic data on the larvae of Anisakidae parasitizing the sandperches Pseudopercis Numida and Pinguipes brasilianus were recorded from Cabo Frio, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23°S, 42°W). Twenty-five specimens of P. Numida and 25 specimens of P. brasilianus were necropsied. The 352 larvae collected included 1 Anisakis sp., 344 Hysterothylacium sp., and 7 Raphidascaris sp. We present mtDNA sequence data for Anisakis sp. and Hysterothylacium sp., and we sequenced the ITS ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Hysterothylacium sp. and Raphidascaris sp. The morphological and genetic profiles confirmed the identification of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860). Hysterothylacium sp. and Raphidascaris sp. were not identified to the species level due to the absence of similar sequences for adult parasites. The mtDNA sequence of Hysterothylacium sp. from P. Numida showed a high similarity to the sequence of Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum. However, a phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of different clades under the same name as the larval H. deardorffoverstreetorum. Pseudopercis Numida is a new host record for A. typica.
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a new species of heterosentis van cleave 1931 acanthocephala arhythmacanthidae parasitic in pseudopercis Numida miranda ribeiro 1903 perciformes pinguipedidae from southeastern brazilian coastal zone
Journal of Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Fabiiano M Vieira, Nilza Nunes Felizardo, Jose L LuqueAbstract:Abstract Heterosentis brasiliensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala, Arhythmacanthidae), parasitic in namorado sandperch Pseudopercis Numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Perciformes, Pinguipedidae) from the littoral of Cabo Frio, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described and illustrated herein. Heterosentis brasiliensis n. sp. differs from all congeneric species by having 10 longitudinal rows of hooks in the proboscis, 6 or 7 hooks in each row, 3 or 4 small basal hooks in each row, and spines in the anterior ventral surface of the body. The similar species, Heterosentis heteracanthus (Linstow, 1896) and Heterosentis caballeroi Gupta & Fatma, 1983, also have 10 longitudinal rows of hooks, but H. heteracanthus differs from the new species by possessing trunk spines in the ventral and dorsal body surface. Heterosentis caballeroi differs from H. brasiliensis by the presence of 1 apical and 1 subapical hook in each longitudinal row; the largest apical, subapical, and basal hooks; lemnisci that are smaller than the probosc...
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community ecology of the metazoan parasites of namorado sandperches pseudopercis Numida miranda ribeiro 1903 and p semifasciata cuvier 1829 perciformes pinguipedidae from the coastal zone of the state of rio de janeiro brazil
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Jose L Luque, N N Felizardo, Luiz E R TavaresAbstract:One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of namorado sandperches, 62 P. Numida and 66 P. semifasciata, collected between October 2002 and June 2003 off the Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lat 23° S and Long 42° W), were examined to study their metazoan parasites. Parasite communities of these fish were composed basically of endoparasites, mainly digenean and cestodes species, with low prevalence and abundance but having high parasite species richness values (at the component community level). Among these values, that found for P. Numida is the highest so far recorded for marine fishes from the Neotropical Region. Thirty-nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 36 from P. Numida and 28 from P. semifasciata. Twenty-five parasite species were common to both species of namorado sandperches. Pseudopercis Numida and P. semifasciata are new host records for all parasite species collected, with the exception of Microcotyle pseudopercis. Choanodera sp., Leurodera decora, Neolebouria georgenascimentoi, and Proctoeces sp. which were recorded for the first time in the South American Atlantic Ocean. Gnathia sp. from P. Numida and Scolex pleuronectis from P. semifasciata were the species having the greatest dominance frequency. Parasite abundance in P. Numida and P. semifasciata were positively correlated with the host total length. Only in P. Numida was parasite species richness correlated positively with the host total length. No significant differences between endoparasite infracommunities of P. Numida and P. semifasciata were detected. The ectoparasites of P. Numida had higher values for parasite abundance, parasite richness, Brillouin index, evenness index, and Berger-Parker index than those of the ectoparasites of P. semifasciata. Comparisons among all ecto- and endoparasites showed the ectoparasites of P. Numida as the most heterogeneous group. Low similarity values were observed among the three types of parasite infracommunities of the two hosts.
