The Experts below are selected from a list of 13386 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Essegbemon Akpo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Nursery Management practices on morphological quality attributes of tree seedlings at planting the case of oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Essegbemon Akpo, T J Stomph, D K Kossou, Alphonse O Omore, P C StruikAbstract:Abstract Even though oil palm production is associated with forest clearance and environmental degradation, it is also considered a potential carbon sink. For oil palm to fulfil its potential role in environmental sustainability, high quality seedlings are required. Nursery managers in Benin who produce oil palm seedlings for owners of small farms ignored recommended practices and developed their own. To evaluate the efficacy of their Nursery Management practices in terms of seedling growth, 2 experiments were conducted. Three polybag sizes (5 L, 8 L, and 15 L) in combination with 4 types of soil substrates and 3 fertiliser treatments were implemented in both experiments in a factorial design. Biomass (shoot, root, shoot-to-root ratio) and allometric (seedling height, number of leaves, length of most developed leaf, root-collar diameter) variables were measured 8 or 6 months after transplanting. Polybag size was the main factor determining oil palm seedling growth in both experiments. Applying 10 g fertiliser once a month was harmful to seedling survival with lethal effects in 5 L polybags. Arable soil with animal manure in 8 L polybags without any fertiliser supply sustained seedling growth well; this practice seemed to be the best balance between quality and production cost although 15 L polybags produced the best seedlings. Growth variables were highly correlated. Height and root-collar diameter constitute good candidates to estimate seedling biomass production non-destructively. The treatment effects on total biomass produced were similar for the 2 experiments. Given the observed large effects of polybag size on seedling growth, our findings suggest that fertiliser addition or substrate selection cannot overrule container size effects; the latter should be considered carefully for (forest and crop) tree seedling production in nurseries.
S M Haefele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improved Nursery Management further enhances the productivity of stress tolerant rice varieties in coastal rainfed lowlands
Field Crops Research, 2015Co-Authors: S K Sarangi, Sudhanshu Singh, B Maji, D Burman, Subhasis Mandal, D K Sharma, Upendra Singh, Abdelbagi M Ismail, S M HaefeleAbstract:Abstract The productivity of rice in most tropical coastal areas of Asia is low because of the predominance of several abiotic and biotic stresses, use of long duration traditional landraces or old varieties and suboptimal Management practices. A combination of high-yielding, stress-tolerant rice varieties and good Management practices is necessary to enhance the productivity of these areas. Suboptimal Nursery Management using traditional methods practiced in these areas often leads to a reduced plant population because of seedling mortality leading to poor yields. Nursery Management practices that suit the new stress-tolerant varieties recently becoming available need to be developed to increase the productivity of rice. On-station and on-farm trials on Nursery Management were conducted using improved rice varieties to study the effect of seed density, nutrient Management in the Nursery, and seedling age at transplanting on grain yield. Lower seed density and application of balanced nutrients produced healthy and taller seedlings with high seedling vigor index (SVI) in the Nursery and with subsequent significant increase in grain yield after transplanting in the main field. Combining inorganic and organic fertilizers in the seedbed (50–30–15 kg N–P 2 O 5 –K 2 O ha –1 + 5 t ha –1 farm yard manures; FYM) enhanced seedling growth (dry weight, shoot and root length, number of green leaves, leaf area) and leaf nitrogen concentration. Forty-d-old seedlings produced significantly higher yield than 25-d-old seedlings. Transplanting older seedlings is important in systems without good water control, un-leveled fields, and soils affected by salt stress; and taller seedlings help avoid losses caused by floods. The highest benefit/cost ratios of 1.82, 1.72 and 1.91 were observed when transplanting 40-d-old seedlings using a seed density of 25 g m −2 and with balanced nutrient application of 50–30–15 kg N–P 2 O 5 –K 2 O + 5 t FYM ha −1 , respectively. In the on-farm trials, the yield advantages when using new stress-tolerant rice varieties Swarna-Sub1 and Amal-Mana with improved Nursery Management practices were 23% and 47%, in comparison with farmers’ Nursery Management and farmers’ variety, respectively. These cost-effective Nursery Management approaches have great potential for enhancing yield in stress-prone rainfed coastal areas and will help sustain rice yield while ensuring sustainability of the cropping system.
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impact of rice Nursery nutrient Management seeding density and seedling age on yield and yield attributes
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Bishnu Bilas Adhikari, B Mehera, S M HaefeleAbstract:To help farmers in the mid hills of Nepal improve their crop Management and rice yields, we conducted a study testing different Nursery Management options and their effect on grain yield and yield components under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field during the cropping season 2009 and 2010 at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, using a 3-factor factorial RCB design with 3 replications. The three Management factors tested were 1) fertilizer Management in the Nursery, 2) seeding density, and 3) seedling age at transplanting, using the rainfed lowland rice variety Radha-4. There were eight treatment combinations, consisting of two levels of fertilization (0 and 20:20:0:13 kg NPKS ha-1 at 15 DAS), two levels of seeding density (607 and 303 g·m-2) and two seedling ages (20 and 40 days old). Two years’ results showed that top-dressed fertilizer in the Nursery had no consistent effect on grain yield. However, lower seeding density (303 g·m-2) resulted in taller plants, more productive tillers m-2, less sterility and higher grain yield. In addition, older seedlings (40 days) produced taller plants, more productive tillers, more filled grains, and a higher grain and straw yield. The interaction analysis between both factors indicated that 40 days old seedling with a low seeding density produced the highest grain yield, both in the drought season 2009 and the high-yielding season 2010. The economic analysis confirmed that the treatment with low seeding density and 40 days old seedlings produced by far the highest net returns and B:C ratio in both seasons, independent of the fertilizer treatment. The combination of these two Management components is therefore economically viable and profitable, and can be recommended to farmers. However, the results need to be confirmed for other varieties used by farmers in the region.
P C Struik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Nursery Management practices on morphological quality attributes of tree seedlings at planting the case of oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Essegbemon Akpo, T J Stomph, D K Kossou, Alphonse O Omore, P C StruikAbstract:Abstract Even though oil palm production is associated with forest clearance and environmental degradation, it is also considered a potential carbon sink. For oil palm to fulfil its potential role in environmental sustainability, high quality seedlings are required. Nursery managers in Benin who produce oil palm seedlings for owners of small farms ignored recommended practices and developed their own. To evaluate the efficacy of their Nursery Management practices in terms of seedling growth, 2 experiments were conducted. Three polybag sizes (5 L, 8 L, and 15 L) in combination with 4 types of soil substrates and 3 fertiliser treatments were implemented in both experiments in a factorial design. Biomass (shoot, root, shoot-to-root ratio) and allometric (seedling height, number of leaves, length of most developed leaf, root-collar diameter) variables were measured 8 or 6 months after transplanting. Polybag size was the main factor determining oil palm seedling growth in both experiments. Applying 10 g fertiliser once a month was harmful to seedling survival with lethal effects in 5 L polybags. Arable soil with animal manure in 8 L polybags without any fertiliser supply sustained seedling growth well; this practice seemed to be the best balance between quality and production cost although 15 L polybags produced the best seedlings. Growth variables were highly correlated. Height and root-collar diameter constitute good candidates to estimate seedling biomass production non-destructively. The treatment effects on total biomass produced were similar for the 2 experiments. Given the observed large effects of polybag size on seedling growth, our findings suggest that fertiliser addition or substrate selection cannot overrule container size effects; the latter should be considered carefully for (forest and crop) tree seedling production in nurseries.
D Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin in forest Nursery soils
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005Co-Authors: Y Zhang, Kurt A Spokas, D WangAbstract:Recent studies have observed enhanced degradation of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) from repeated fumigation in agricultural soils. Little is known about fumigant degradation in forest and Nursery soils. This study was conducted to determine degradation rates of MITC and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest soils and the impacts of Nursery Management on degradation of MITC and CP. The half-life values of MITC and CP were evaluated in the laboratory under isothermal conditions (22 +/- 2 degrees C). Three rates representing 0.5x, 1x, and 2x field application rates for each fumigant were used in laboratory incubations. Effect of microbial degradation was determined by conducting incubations with both fresh and sterilized soils. Soil moisture effects were also studied. There was no difference in MITC or CP degradation between fumigated and nonfumigated forest Nursery soils. Soil sterilization and high soil moisture content (15% by wt.) reduced MITC and CP degradation. The degradation rates of MITC and CP varied with factors such as Nursery history, fumigant application rates, and freshness of tested soils.
S K Sarangi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improved Nursery Management further enhances the productivity of stress tolerant rice varieties in coastal rainfed lowlands
Field Crops Research, 2015Co-Authors: S K Sarangi, Sudhanshu Singh, B Maji, D Burman, Subhasis Mandal, D K Sharma, Upendra Singh, Abdelbagi M Ismail, S M HaefeleAbstract:Abstract The productivity of rice in most tropical coastal areas of Asia is low because of the predominance of several abiotic and biotic stresses, use of long duration traditional landraces or old varieties and suboptimal Management practices. A combination of high-yielding, stress-tolerant rice varieties and good Management practices is necessary to enhance the productivity of these areas. Suboptimal Nursery Management using traditional methods practiced in these areas often leads to a reduced plant population because of seedling mortality leading to poor yields. Nursery Management practices that suit the new stress-tolerant varieties recently becoming available need to be developed to increase the productivity of rice. On-station and on-farm trials on Nursery Management were conducted using improved rice varieties to study the effect of seed density, nutrient Management in the Nursery, and seedling age at transplanting on grain yield. Lower seed density and application of balanced nutrients produced healthy and taller seedlings with high seedling vigor index (SVI) in the Nursery and with subsequent significant increase in grain yield after transplanting in the main field. Combining inorganic and organic fertilizers in the seedbed (50–30–15 kg N–P 2 O 5 –K 2 O ha –1 + 5 t ha –1 farm yard manures; FYM) enhanced seedling growth (dry weight, shoot and root length, number of green leaves, leaf area) and leaf nitrogen concentration. Forty-d-old seedlings produced significantly higher yield than 25-d-old seedlings. Transplanting older seedlings is important in systems without good water control, un-leveled fields, and soils affected by salt stress; and taller seedlings help avoid losses caused by floods. The highest benefit/cost ratios of 1.82, 1.72 and 1.91 were observed when transplanting 40-d-old seedlings using a seed density of 25 g m −2 and with balanced nutrient application of 50–30–15 kg N–P 2 O 5 –K 2 O + 5 t FYM ha −1 , respectively. In the on-farm trials, the yield advantages when using new stress-tolerant rice varieties Swarna-Sub1 and Amal-Mana with improved Nursery Management practices were 23% and 47%, in comparison with farmers’ Nursery Management and farmers’ variety, respectively. These cost-effective Nursery Management approaches have great potential for enhancing yield in stress-prone rainfed coastal areas and will help sustain rice yield while ensuring sustainability of the cropping system.
