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Gu Ding-qia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Evolution and Characteristics of the Occupational Standards for U.S. Special Education Teachers
    Comparative Education Review, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gu Ding-qia
    Abstract:

    The Council for Exceptional Children(CEC)worked out What Every Special Educator Must Know:Ethics,Standards and Guidelines in 1995 and it is the most authoritative and most influential Occupational Qualifications for U.S. special education teachers. At present,this standard already has six versions and the fifth version and sixth version had changed most. We compared three versions standards in terms of their structure and contents through text analysis. Based on the analysis of the changes there are some enlightenment for us,such as to accelerating the development of Occupational standards,to develop different Qualifications for different levels of special educators,to grasp the structural diversity of special education teachers and to put emphasis on the updates of the Qualifications and so on.

Matthias Duetsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gesicherte Mobilitaet am Arbeitsmarkt: Zur Bedeutung berufsfachlicher Qualifikationen in geschlossenen und offenen Beschaeftigungssystemen (Secure Labour Mobility: On the Importance of Occupational Qualifications in Open and Closed Employment Systems
    The German Journal of Industrial Relations, 2012
    Co-Authors: Olaf Struck, Matthias Duetsch
    Abstract:

    Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt ist seit langem durch einen erheblichen Anteil mobiler Beschaeftigung charakterisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der Beitrag der Frage, ob und in welcher Weise insbesondere in offenen Beschaeftigungssystemen ein notwendiges Mass an berufsfachlichen Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen sichergestellt, auf welche Weise Informationsdefizite bei der Personalsuche ueberwunden und wie in hinreichendem Umfang Leistungsbereitschaft am Arbeitsplatz gewaehrleistet werden kann. Angesichts vielfach konstatierter Erosionstendenzen bei einer gleichzeitig noch immer hohen Bedeutung der berufsfachlichen Ausbildung in Deutschland ist diese Frage von hoher Relevanz, da viele Autoren die Auffassung vertreten, dass die Verfuegbarkeit von qualifiziertem und leistungsbereitem Personal effektiv nur in geschlossenen betrieblichen Beschaeftigungssystemen gewaehrleistet werden kann. Gezeigt wird, dass breite berufliche Qualifikationsprofile und allgemeine Handlungskompetenzen geeignet sind, die Funktionsweisen offener Beschaeftigungssysteme zu unterstuetzen, sofern diese Flexibilitaetspotentiale im Verlauf des Berufslebens durch lernfoerderliche Arbeitsplatzbedingungen und hinreichende UEbergangssicherheiten im Unternehmen aufrecht erhalten werden. (The German labour market is characterized by a significant proportion of mobile jobs. Against this backdrop, the following questions will be answered: In which way, especially in open employment systems, can the necessary level of skills and competencies be assured and information deficits in personnel selection be overcome? How can a sufficient extent of work motivation be guaranteed? The answer to these questions is very relevant in view of the frequently described trend towards erosion in the German labour market on the one hand, and the continued importance of vocational training and education on the other hand. Many authors state that the availability of qualified and motivated staff can only be assured effectively within closed employment systems. This article shows that broad Occupational skill profiles and general action competencies are likely to support the functioning of open employment systems provided this potential for flexibility can be sustained in employment trajectories through skill-conducive working conditions and adequate security of transition between positions in the company.)

Olaf Struck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Employment trajectories in heterogeneous regions: Evidence from Germany
    Advances in Life Course Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Matthias Dütsch, Franziska Ganesch, Olaf Struck
    Abstract:

    Abstract To what extent do regional characteristics influence employment trajectories? Do regional factors diversely affect the employment careers of different sociodemographic groups? By investigating these questions, we extend current life course research in two ways: First, from a conceptual perspective, we use approaches from regional economics in addition to established sociological labour market theories to gain insights into the effects of regional determinants on individual labour market outcomes. Second, from a methodological point of view, we conduct event history analyses based on a German dataset that contains information on individuals, firms and regions. Our results show that there are considerable regional heterogeneities regarding population density and the amount of human capital endowment, both of which influence working careers differently. Regional agglomeration predominantly offers opportunities in terms of employment trajectories, while regional human capital accumulation increases employment risks. Additionally, our findings indicate that group-specific inequalities with respect to employment careers can be weakened or even strengthened by regional frame conditions. Female and foreign employees benefit most from denser regions and from a higher human capital endowment. By contrast, the unemployment risks of workers who previously experienced unemployment periods during their working lives are increased by both of these regional characteristics. Findings regarding education level are mixed: Workers with Occupational Qualifications profit from regional agglomeration to a greater extent than do low or even generally qualified workers. However, a high local human capital endowment leads to skill segregation between vocationally trained and highly qualified employees.

  • Erosion oder Stabilität der Beruflichkeit?
    KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 2013
    Co-Authors: Matthias Dütsch, Verena Liebig, Olaf Struck
    Abstract:

    Regarding the changing patterns of mobility processes in the German labor market, this paper takes up the scientific debate on the declining significance of Occupational Qualifications. By comparing several labor market entry cohorts, the matching of the learned occupation and the practiced occupation is analyzed in both the horizontal and the vertical dimension of Occupational mobility. In doing so, the question of a successful utilization of the skills acquired in the educational process can be addressed. Changes of occupations will be operationalized on the basis of a new professional classification by using the data set “Working and Learning in a Changing World” (ALWA). First, the Kaplan Meier survival curves show that the risks of horizontal Occupational mobility have increased across cohorts. This indicates that the formerly close relationship between the education system and the employment system has weakened. Furthermore, according to our multivariate Cox regression analysis, the mobility towards inadequate status positions has increased. Thus, due to the expansion of atypical forms of employment and the increased volatility of the markets, altered mobility patterns of the younger cohorts entering the labor market can be shown. Consequently, the increase of unsuccessful transfers of skills in inter-firm mobility suggests a weakened cohesiveness between professionalism and a growing risk to loose professional Qualifications. Der Beitrag greift die wissenschaftliche Debatte um eine Entberuflichung im Zuge sich verändernder Mobilitätsprozesse im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt auf. Im Kohortenvergleich wird die Passung des erlernten und des ausgeübten Berufes sowohl in der horizontalen als auch in der vertikalen Dimension untersucht, um die Frage nach der erfolgreichen Verwertung aller im Bildungsprozess erworbenen Qualifikationen in den Blick nehmen zu können. Hierfür werden Berufswechsel anhand einer neuen Berufsklassifikation auf Basis des Datensatzes „Arbeiten und Lernen im Wandel“ (ALWA) operationalisiert. Zunächst wurde anhand von Kaplan-Meier Survivalkurven verdeutlicht, dass sich die Risiken der horizontalen Mobilität von Berufseinsteigern im Kohortenvergleich erhöht haben. Dies ist ein Anzeichen dafür, dass die vormals enge Verknüpfung zwischen dem Bildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem erodiert. Des Weiteren nahm unseren multivariaten Analysen mittels Cox-Regressionen zufolge die Mobilität auf inadäquate Statuspositionen zu. Damit zeigen sich veränderte Mobilitätsmuster der jüngeren Arbeitsmarkteintrittskohorten aufgrund der Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen sowie der gestiegenen Volatilität der Märkte. Folglich weist der in zunehmendem Maße nicht gelingende Transfer beruflicher Qualifikationen bei zwischenbetrieblicher Mobilität auf eine sinkende Bindekraft der Beruflichkeit und auf wachsende Risiken des Verlustes berufsfachlicher Qualifikationen hin.

  • Gesicherte Mobilitaet am Arbeitsmarkt: Zur Bedeutung berufsfachlicher Qualifikationen in geschlossenen und offenen Beschaeftigungssystemen (Secure Labour Mobility: On the Importance of Occupational Qualifications in Open and Closed Employment Systems
    The German Journal of Industrial Relations, 2012
    Co-Authors: Olaf Struck, Matthias Duetsch
    Abstract:

    Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt ist seit langem durch einen erheblichen Anteil mobiler Beschaeftigung charakterisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der Beitrag der Frage, ob und in welcher Weise insbesondere in offenen Beschaeftigungssystemen ein notwendiges Mass an berufsfachlichen Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen sichergestellt, auf welche Weise Informationsdefizite bei der Personalsuche ueberwunden und wie in hinreichendem Umfang Leistungsbereitschaft am Arbeitsplatz gewaehrleistet werden kann. Angesichts vielfach konstatierter Erosionstendenzen bei einer gleichzeitig noch immer hohen Bedeutung der berufsfachlichen Ausbildung in Deutschland ist diese Frage von hoher Relevanz, da viele Autoren die Auffassung vertreten, dass die Verfuegbarkeit von qualifiziertem und leistungsbereitem Personal effektiv nur in geschlossenen betrieblichen Beschaeftigungssystemen gewaehrleistet werden kann. Gezeigt wird, dass breite berufliche Qualifikationsprofile und allgemeine Handlungskompetenzen geeignet sind, die Funktionsweisen offener Beschaeftigungssysteme zu unterstuetzen, sofern diese Flexibilitaetspotentiale im Verlauf des Berufslebens durch lernfoerderliche Arbeitsplatzbedingungen und hinreichende UEbergangssicherheiten im Unternehmen aufrecht erhalten werden. (The German labour market is characterized by a significant proportion of mobile jobs. Against this backdrop, the following questions will be answered: In which way, especially in open employment systems, can the necessary level of skills and competencies be assured and information deficits in personnel selection be overcome? How can a sufficient extent of work motivation be guaranteed? The answer to these questions is very relevant in view of the frequently described trend towards erosion in the German labour market on the one hand, and the continued importance of vocational training and education on the other hand. Many authors state that the availability of qualified and motivated staff can only be assured effectively within closed employment systems. This article shows that broad Occupational skill profiles and general action competencies are likely to support the functioning of open employment systems provided this potential for flexibility can be sustained in employment trajectories through skill-conducive working conditions and adequate security of transition between positions in the company.)

Barbara Mroziak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Psychosocial interventions in workplace mental health promotion: an overview
    Health Promotion International, 2011
    Co-Authors: Czesław Czabała, Katarzyna Charzynska, Barbara Mroziak
    Abstract:

    A review based on the DataPrev final report concerning workplace mental health promotion is presented. Out of 4865 studies identified in a comprehensive bibliographical data search, 315 were selected for abstract screening and 79 were included in the final review. The studies were categorized in terms of their aims/expected outcomes and evaluated for quality on the grounds of their design and type of analysis. The most frequent aims were stress reduction and better coping, followed by increased job satisfaction and effectiveness, mental health enhancement and reduction in mental health-related absenteeism. In the 79 intervention studies, 99 outcome variables were measured using 163 instruments, mostly developed for the study purposes. Different intervention categories turned out to be used to attain the same aim, with skills training being the most popular (other approaches included improvement of Occupational Qualifications and working conditions, physical exercise, relaxation and multicomponent interventions). Among the few intervention programs that were implemented and evaluated in two or more studies, the Stress Inoculation Training (Cecil and Forman, in Effects of stress inoculation training and coworker support groups on teachers' stress. Journal of School Psychology, 28, 105, 1990) based on the model by Meichenbaum (Meichenbaum, in Stress Inoculation Training. Pergamon Press, New York, 1985) seemed to be the most promising. Its effectiveness, evidenced in a majority of the measures, was evaluated in studies using the randomized controlled design. This paper is illustrated by high-quality intervention studies. In high and moderate quality studies, positive effects were reported in about a half of the examined outcome variables. However, conclusive evidence of intervention programs effectiveness would require further research-repetition of studies using treatments equivalent to the experimental ones, and outcome evaluation taking into account other criteria, e.g. behavioural.

Zhou Nan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.