The Experts below are selected from a list of 1143 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard L Doty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of esketamine nasal spray on olfactory function and nasal tolerability in patients with treatment resistant depression results from four multicenter randomized double blind placebo controlled phase iii studies
CNS Drugs, 2021Co-Authors: Richard L Doty, Maggie Fedgchin, Vanina Popova, Rosanne Lane, Adam Janik, Ella Daly, Rachel Ochsross, Pilar Lim, Crystal Wylie, Kim CooperAbstract:Intranasal drug delivery offers a non-invasive and convenient dosing option for patients and physicians, especially for conditions requiring chronic/repeated-treatment administration. However, in some cases such delivery may be harmful to nasal and olfactory epithelia. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of long-term intermittent treatment with esketamine nasal spray, taken in conjunction with an oral antidepressant (AD), on olfactory function and nasal tolerability in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). A total of 1142 patients with TRD participated from four multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase III studies: three short-term studies (two in patients aged 18–64 years, one in patients ≥65 years), and one long-term maintenance study of esketamine nasal spray + AD versus placebo nasal spray + AD. Across the four studies, assessments were performed at 208 sites in 21 countries. Olfactory function was measured using the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®) and the single-staircase Snap & Sniff® Odor Detection Threshold Test (SS TRANSFORM-2: NCT02418585, date of registration: 16/04/2015; TRANSFORM-3: NCT02422186, date of registration: 21/04/2015; SUSTAIN-1: NCT02493868, date of registration: 10/07/2015.
-
clinical validation of the olfactory Detection Threshold module of the snap sniff olfactory test system
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2019Co-Authors: Richard L Doty, Crystal Wylie, Mark Potter, Rachel Beston, Brooke Cope, Kelsey MajamAbstract:BACKGROUND Quantitative olfactory testing is essential to determine the validity and nature of a patient's complaint, accurately monitor changes in function over time (including influences of pharmacological, surgical, or immunological interventions), detect malingering, and establish disability compensation. This work describes the clinical validation of an advanced rapid Odor Detection Threshold test that standardizes Odorant delivery and eliminates unsanitary sniff bottles, the need for blindfolds, and the possibility of touching an Odorant stimulus to the nose. METHODS Snap & Sniff® single-staircase phenyl ethyl alcohol Detection Thresholds (SS 421 received both bilateral and unilateral testing. The results were correlated with scores from the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Smell Threshold Test (STT), a widely-used standardized Threshold test. Test-retest reliability data were obtained for 50 patients. RESULTS S&S-Ts were highly reliable (Spearman r = 0.84), correlated with the other olfactory test measures (rs > 0.65, ps < 0.0001), and required significantly shorter administration times than the STT (<10 minutes). Bilateral Thresholds were systematically lower than unilateral Thresholds, a phenomenon independent of presentation order but dependent upon the better functioning side of the nose. The S&S-Ts were sensitive to age and sex. No systematic left:right nasal side Threshold differences were evident. CONCLUSION The present study validates the use of Snap & Sniff® technology in the clinic setting. High test-retest reliability and brief administration times were evident. The S&S-T test allows for a reliable, valid, inexpensive, and rapid clinical means for quantitatively assessing human olfactory sensitivity.
-
Sniff Magnitude Test: Relationship to Odor Identification, Detection, and Memory Tests in a Clinic Population
2015Co-Authors: Isabelle A. Tourbier, Richard L DotyAbstract:Recently a novel measure of olfactory function, the Sniff Magnitude Test (SMT), was developed that relies on changes in in-halation in response to an Odor. The relationship of this unique test to that of other olfactory tests has received little investigation. In this study, we assessed, in 132 patients presenting to a chemosensory disorders clinic, the relationship of SMTscores to those from 3 standardized psychophysical tests: the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a phenyl ethyl alcohol Odor Detection Threshold test, and a short-term Odor memory/discrimination test. SMT scores were roughly related to olfactory dysfunction categories defined for the UPSIT and correlated moderately with the other tests. MalOdors (1 % and 3 % methyl-thiobutyrate [MTB], 1 % ethyl 3-mercaptoproprionate) exhibited stronger correlations than nonmalOdors (3 % phenyl ethyl al-cohol [PEA], 3 % amyl acetate, 3 % n-butanol) and elicited greater sniff suppression. In a principal component analysis, the SMT measures loaded on components different from those of the other tests, which loaded on a separate component. Anticipatory responses (i.e., smaller sniffs) occurred across trials for the first malOdor (1 % MTB), but not for the first nonmalOdor (3 % PEA), that was encountered. These results, along with those of an earlier factor analysis, suggest that sniff magnitude is influenced by Odorant quality and intensity, as well as by cognitive factors. Key words: factor analysis, Odor identification, Odor memory, Odor Threshold, sniff magnitude, UPSI
-
Physiologic impairment of olfactory stimulus processing in schizophrenia.
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Bruce I. Turetsky, Paul J. Moberg, Kiana Owzar, Sarah C. Johnson, Richard L DotyAbstract:Abstract Background Behavioral studies of olfaction have demonstrated impairments in the ability to detect and identify Odors in patients with schizophrenia. These deficits appear to be independent of either symptom severity or other cognitive impairment. Only limited efforts have been made to investigate the neurophysiologic substrate of these olfactory abnormalities. This article reports the first examination of olfactory electrophysiologic responses in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Olfactory event-related potential responses to three different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were recorded in a sample of 21 patients and 20 healthy control subjects. Odors were presented via an olfactometer to ensure there was no associated trigeminal nerve stimulation. Results Patients exhibited abnormalities in the amplitudes of the N1 and P2 components of the olfactory evoked potential, and delayed latency of the P2. The N1 abnormality, which denotes primary olfactory cortex activity, was related to impaired Odor Detection Threshold sensitivity; the P2 abnormality was related to impaired Odor identification. Conclusions These data indicate the presence of a primary physiologic impairment in the olfactory cortex underlying behavioral olfactory deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. This is consistent with postmortem and in vitro studies suggesting abnormalities in olfactory receptor neurons. Understanding the nature of these physiologic olfactory impairments could offer clues to the basic neuropathology of this disorder.
-
olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy
Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Christian G Kohler, Paul J. Moberg, Raquel E Gur, Michael J Oconnor, Michael R Sperling, Richard L DotyAbstract:Background: Schizophrenia and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represent two common brain disorders that share dysfunction of temporo-limbic neural substrates. Objective: We evaluated whether patients with schizophrenia exhibited olfactory performance more similar to right or left temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Methods: Odor identification ability and Detection Threshold sensitivity were measured in 40 patients with schizophrenia, 14 patients with right- and 18 patients with left-temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, and 25 healthy controls. Odor identification was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and Odor Detection Threshold sensitivity with a single-staircase procedure using the stimulant phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA). Results: Relative to controls, only patients with schizophrenia and right TLE exhibited significant impairment in UPSIT performance. Left TLE patients and controls performed comparably on the UPSIT. Detection Threshold sensitivity to PEA did not differ significantly among the four groups. Conclusions: These data suggest a greater reliance of olfactory processing on right hemisphere structures and are also consistent with recent neuroimaging studies that have implicated aberrant processing of olfactory information in right hemispheric brain regions in schizophrenia.
Carla Masala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Olfactory Function Assessment in Italian Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Chemosensory Perception, 2018Co-Authors: Roberta Fadda, Francesco Piras, Giuseppe Doneddu, Luca Saba, Carla MasalaAbstract:Introduction The olfactory system is associated with several brain areas that might be involved in neurodegenerative processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. For this reason, investigation of the olfactory function plays an important role in the assessment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an impairment in social communication and by a restricted and repetitive pattern of behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination, and identification in participants with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls. Methods Thirty Italian subjects (15 with ASD, mean age 19 ± 0.5 years, and 15 TD controls, mean age 21.7 ± 0.4 years) were evaluated by means of the Sniffin’ Sticks extended test through three different parameters, Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination, and identification, and their sum the Threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score. Results Our results indicated that the participants with ASD showed an impairment in Odor Detection Threshold and TDI score compared to TD controls. No differences were found in Odor identification and discrimination. Participants with ASD were significantly poorer in correctly identifying the following Odors: leather, apple, rose, cinnamon, garlic, cloves, and anis. However, they were significantly better than TD controls in correctly identifying the Odor of the following fruits: orange, banana, and lemon. Conclusion and Implications Our data provide a comprehensive evaluation of the three olfactory components in an Italian population and confirm an impaired Odor Detection Threshold and TDI score in subjects with ASD compared to TD controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that the Sniffin’ Sticks extended test might be a valid tool in early Detection and differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
-
Correlation among olfactory function, motors’ symptoms, cognitive impairment, apathy, and fatigue in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Journal of Neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Carla Masala, Paolo Solla, A. Liscia, G. Defazio, L. Saba, A. Cannas, A. Cavazzana, T. Hummel, A. HaehnerAbstract:Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is usually considered as a movement disorder, it is strongly associated with non-motor symptoms (NMS), including smell and taste dysfunctions, cognitive impairment, apathy, fatigue, and autonomic dysregulation. Olfactory deficit is considered the most common NMS in PD preceding the motor symptoms for years. The aim of this study was to investigate olfactory function, cognitive impairment, apathy, and fatigue in patients with PD in comparison with healthy controls, and subsequently to analyse the correlations between these NMS and motor symptoms severity in subjects with PD. One hundred and forty-seven participants were enrolled (96 PD patients, mean age in years 67.5, SD 7.2; 51 healthy controls; mean age 65.1, SD 11.8). Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination and identification). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive impairment. Apathy was examined by the self-report version of Starkstein Apathy Scale and fatigue was evaluated with the Parkinson’s Disease Fatigue Scale. PD patients showed severe impairment in Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination, and identification compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in PD patients, apathy and fatigue scores were significantly increased, while MoCA scores were decreased in comparison with controls. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that both apathy and Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) were associated with Odor identification, discrimination and Threshold–Discrimination–Identification (TDI) score. In conclusion, our results reported changes in apathy and motor disability as significant predictors in alterations of Odor identification, discrimination and TDI score. Furthermore, these data suggest that olfactory dysfunction might progress in tight relation with motor impairment UPDRS but also with non-motor symptoms such as apathy.
-
correlation among olfactory function motors symptoms cognitive impairment apathy and fatigue in patients with parkinson s disease
Journal of Neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Carla Masala, Luca Saba, Paolo Solla, A. Liscia, G. Defazio, A. Cannas, A. Cavazzana, T. Hummel, A. HaehnerAbstract:Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually considered as a movement disorder, it is strongly associated with non-motor symptoms (NMS), including smell and taste dysfunctions, cognitive impairment, apathy, fatigue, and autonomic dysregulation. Olfactory deficit is considered the most common NMS in PD preceding the motor symptoms for years. The aim of this study was to investigate olfactory function, cognitive impairment, apathy, and fatigue in patients with PD in comparison with healthy controls, and subsequently to analyse the correlations between these NMS and motor symptoms severity in subjects with PD. One hundred and forty-seven participants were enrolled (96 PD patients, mean age in years 67.5, SD 7.2; 51 healthy controls; mean age 65.1, SD 11.8). Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test (Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination and identification). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive impairment. Apathy was examined by the self-report version of Starkstein Apathy Scale and fatigue was evaluated with the Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale. PD patients showed severe impairment in Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination, and identification compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in PD patients, apathy and fatigue scores were significantly increased, while MoCA scores were decreased in comparison with controls. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that both apathy and Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) were associated with Odor identification, discrimination and Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score. In conclusion, our results reported changes in apathy and motor disability as significant predictors in alterations of Odor identification, discrimination and TDI score. Furthermore, these data suggest that olfactory dysfunction might progress in tight relation with motor impairment UPDRS but also with non-motor symptoms such as apathy.
-
Olfactory Function and Age: a Sniffin’ Sticks Extended Test Study Performed in Sardinia
Chemosensory Perception, 2018Co-Authors: Carla Masala, Luca Saba, Maria Paola Cecchini, Paolo Solla, Francesco LoyAbstract:Introduction Several studies evaluated the influence of cultural components on the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Test in different countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the olfactory function in a large sample of healthy subjects living in Sardinia, an island known for its historic genetic isolation, in relation to different age ranges to provide new data in healthy Sardinian subjects. Methods Olfactory perception of 161 participants (108 females and 53 males; age range 19–78 years) was assessed through three different parameters: Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination, and identification by means of the Sniffin’Sticks Extended test (SST). Results Our results show that young adults were generally normosmic, while in subjects over 55, a statistically significant age-related decrease of all the parameters was observed. Regarding Odor identification task, a few, such as leather, apples, lemons, cloves, and pineapples, were frequently incorrectly identified by participants probably due to the similarities between the Odors and distractors. Conclusion and Implications Our data provide a comprehensive evaluation of the three olfactory components in the Sardinian population and confirm a decrease in the Odor Detection Threshold, discrimination and identification as well as in the global TDI score in subjects over 55 years of age. These results may be useful in providing normative values for routine clinical use of the SSET in Sardinian subjects.
Suzelle Barrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
correlation of chemical composition and Odor concentration for emissions from pig slaughterhouse sludge composting and storage
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: V Blazy, A De Guardia, J C Benoist, Mylene Daumoin, F Guiziou, M Lemasle, Dominique Wolbert, Suzelle BarringtonAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the chemical composition and the Odor concentration of emissions produced during storage and composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge (PSS). Seven experimental conditions were monitored using composting reactors with forced aeration and cells designed to simulate storage. Sixty-six gas samples were collected and characterized by both GC–MS and olfactometry. Two types of correlation were investigated between the chemical composition and the Odor concentration (OC) of every gas sample. The Odor activity value for a given emitted compound (OAV) was computed as the ratio of its chemical concentration to its Odor Detection Threshold (ODT). The correlation OAV MAX considered that the OC of a gas sample was equal to its highest OAV whereas the correlation OAV SUM considered that the Odor of the gas sample was equal to the sum of the OAV of every compound contained in the gas sample. As per Standard EN 13725, both OAV MAX and OAV SUM were compared using a confidence level for OC defined as [OC/1.65 to 1.65 × OC]. Whereas OAV MAX values were within the confidence level of OC for 62% of the 66 gas samples, OAV SUM values were within this confidence level for only 53%. Validating OAV MAX as a satisfying correlation between chemical composition and OC, only three compounds among the 66 identified namely trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol, accounted for the prediction of OC measured during composting and storage of PSS.
Michal Hrdlicka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Odor Detection Threshold, but not Odor identification, is impaired in children with autism.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Ivana Dudová, Jan Vodička, Marketa Havlovicova, Sedlácek Z, Tomáš Urbánek, Michal HrdlickaAbstract:The aim of our study was to examine Odor Detection Thresholds and Odor identification in autistic subjects. Thirty-five patients with Asperger’s syndrome and high functioning autism (mean age 10.8 ± 3.6 years; 31 boys) were compared with 35 healthy control subjects (mean age 10.4 ± 2.4 years; 28 boys). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to mean age (p = 0.598) and gender proportion (p = 0.324). Olfactory testing used the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Threshold and identification parts only). Participants with Asperger’s syndrome and high functioning autism, in comparison with healthy controls, were significantly impaired relative to Odor Detection Thresholds (6.3 ± 3.1 vs. 7.9 ± 2.0; p = 0.025). Autistic participants were significantly better in correctly identifying the Odor of an orange (94 vs. 63%; p < 0.05) and significantly worse at correctly identifying the Odor of cloves (40 vs. 74%; p < 0.05). With regard to identification of fourteen other substances, there were no significant differences. There was no significant difference between autistic and control subjects on the total score of olfactory identification (p = 0.799). Odor identification ability (as expressed by this total score) correlated significantly with age in the control group (p = 0.049), but not in the autism group (p = 0.103). We found impaired Odor Detection and almost normal Odor identification in children with autism. Implications for further research are discussed.
Paul J. Moberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Physiologic impairment of olfactory stimulus processing in schizophrenia.
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Bruce I. Turetsky, Paul J. Moberg, Kiana Owzar, Sarah C. Johnson, Richard L DotyAbstract:Abstract Background Behavioral studies of olfaction have demonstrated impairments in the ability to detect and identify Odors in patients with schizophrenia. These deficits appear to be independent of either symptom severity or other cognitive impairment. Only limited efforts have been made to investigate the neurophysiologic substrate of these olfactory abnormalities. This article reports the first examination of olfactory electrophysiologic responses in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Olfactory event-related potential responses to three different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were recorded in a sample of 21 patients and 20 healthy control subjects. Odors were presented via an olfactometer to ensure there was no associated trigeminal nerve stimulation. Results Patients exhibited abnormalities in the amplitudes of the N1 and P2 components of the olfactory evoked potential, and delayed latency of the P2. The N1 abnormality, which denotes primary olfactory cortex activity, was related to impaired Odor Detection Threshold sensitivity; the P2 abnormality was related to impaired Odor identification. Conclusions These data indicate the presence of a primary physiologic impairment in the olfactory cortex underlying behavioral olfactory deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. This is consistent with postmortem and in vitro studies suggesting abnormalities in olfactory receptor neurons. Understanding the nature of these physiologic olfactory impairments could offer clues to the basic neuropathology of this disorder.
-
olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy
Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Christian G Kohler, Paul J. Moberg, Raquel E Gur, Michael J Oconnor, Michael R Sperling, Richard L DotyAbstract:Background: Schizophrenia and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represent two common brain disorders that share dysfunction of temporo-limbic neural substrates. Objective: We evaluated whether patients with schizophrenia exhibited olfactory performance more similar to right or left temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Methods: Odor identification ability and Detection Threshold sensitivity were measured in 40 patients with schizophrenia, 14 patients with right- and 18 patients with left-temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, and 25 healthy controls. Odor identification was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and Odor Detection Threshold sensitivity with a single-staircase procedure using the stimulant phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA). Results: Relative to controls, only patients with schizophrenia and right TLE exhibited significant impairment in UPSIT performance. Left TLE patients and controls performed comparably on the UPSIT. Detection Threshold sensitivity to PEA did not differ significantly among the four groups. Conclusions: These data suggest a greater reliance of olfactory processing on right hemisphere structures and are also consistent with recent neuroimaging studies that have implicated aberrant processing of olfactory information in right hemispheric brain regions in schizophrenia.
