The Experts below are selected from a list of 588 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Terri G Alexander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of General Anesthesia in Infancy on Long-Term Recognition Memory in Humans and Rats
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Greg Stratmann, Joshua Lee, Jeffrey W Sall, Bradley H Lee, Rehan S Alvi, Jennifer Shih, Allison M Rowe, Tatiana M Ramage, Flora L Chang, Terri G AlexanderAbstract:Anesthesia in infancy impairs performance in Recognition memory tasks in mammalian animals, but it is unknown if this occurs in humans. Successful Recognition can be based on stimulus familiarity or recollection of event details. Several brain structures involved in recollection are affected by anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. Twenty eight children ages 6–11 who had undergone a procedure requiring general anesthesia before age 1 were compared with 28 age- and gender-matched children who had not undergone anesthesia. Recollection and familiarity were assessed in an object Recognition memory Test using receiver operator characteristic analysis. In addition, IQ and Child Behavior Checklist scores were assessed. In parallel, thirty three 7-day-old rats were randomized to receive anesthesia or sham anesthesia. Over 10 months, recollection and familiarity were assessed using an Odor Recognition Test. We found that anesthetized children had significantly lower recollection scores and were impaired at recollecting associative information compared with controls. Familiarity, IQ, and Child Behavior Checklist scores were not different between groups. In rats, anesthetized subjects had significantly lower recollection scores than controls while familiarity was unaffected. Rats that had undergone tissue injury during anesthesia had similar recollection indices as rats that had been anesthetized without tissue injury. These findings suggest that general anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. In rats, this effect is independent of underlying disease or tissue injury.
Adolphs Ralph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Specific Role for the Human Amygdala in Olfactory Memory
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2003Co-Authors: Buchanan, Tony W., Tranel Daniel, Adolphs RalphAbstract:The medial temporal lobe is known to play a role in the processing of olfaction and memory. The specific contribution of the human amygdala to memory for Odors has not been addressed, however. The role of this region in memory for Odors was assessed in patients with unilateral amygdala damage due to temporal lobectomy (n = 20; 11 left, 9 right), one patient with selective bilateral amygdala damage, and in 20 age-matched normal controls. Fifteen Odors were presented, followed 1 h later by an Odor–name matching Test and an Odor–Odor Recognition Test. Signal detection analyses showed that both unilateral groups were impaired in their memory for matching Odors with names, these patients were not significantly impaired on Odor–Odor Recognition. Bilateral amygdala damage resulted in severe impairment in both Odor–name matching as well as in Odor–Odor Recognition memory. Importantly, none of the patients were impaired on an auditory verbal learning task, suggesting that these findings reflect a specific impairment in olfactory memory, and not merely a more general memory deficit. Taken together, the data provide neuropsychological evidence that the human amygdala is essential for olfactory memory
Ralph Adolphs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research A Specific Role for the Human Amygdala in Olfactory Memory
2016Co-Authors: Tony W. Buchanan, Daniel Tranel, Ralph AdolphsAbstract:The medial temporal lobe is known to play a role in the processing of olfaction and memory. The specific contribution of the human amygdala to memory for Odors has not been addressed, however. The role of this region in memory for Odors was assessed in patients with unilateral amygdala damage due to temporal lobectomy (n = 20; 11 left, 9 right), one patient with selective bilateral amygdala damage, and in 20 age-matched normal controls. Fifteen Odors were presented, followed 1 h later by an Odor–name matching Test and an Odor–Odor Recognition Test. Signal detection analyses showed that both unilateral groups were impaired in their memory for matching Odors with names, these patients were not significantly impaired on Odor–Odor Recognition. Bilateral amygdala damage resulted in severe impairment in both Odor–name matching as well as in Odor–Odor Recognition memory. Importantly, none of the patients were impaired on an auditory verbal learning task, suggesting that these findings reflect a specific impairment in olfactory memory, and not merely a more general memory deficit. Taken together, the data provide neuropsychological evidence that the human amygdala is essential for olfactory memory. Considerable research has illustrated a role for the anteromesial temporal lobes in several aspects of olfactory processing, includ-ing Odor detection (Rausch and Serafetinides 1975; Eichenbaum et al. 1983), discrimination (Abraham and Mathai 1983), an
Greg Stratmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of General Anesthesia in Infancy on Long-Term Recognition Memory in Humans and Rats
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Greg Stratmann, Joshua Lee, Jeffrey W Sall, Bradley H Lee, Rehan S Alvi, Jennifer Shih, Allison M Rowe, Tatiana M Ramage, Flora L Chang, Terri G AlexanderAbstract:Anesthesia in infancy impairs performance in Recognition memory tasks in mammalian animals, but it is unknown if this occurs in humans. Successful Recognition can be based on stimulus familiarity or recollection of event details. Several brain structures involved in recollection are affected by anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. Twenty eight children ages 6–11 who had undergone a procedure requiring general anesthesia before age 1 were compared with 28 age- and gender-matched children who had not undergone anesthesia. Recollection and familiarity were assessed in an object Recognition memory Test using receiver operator characteristic analysis. In addition, IQ and Child Behavior Checklist scores were assessed. In parallel, thirty three 7-day-old rats were randomized to receive anesthesia or sham anesthesia. Over 10 months, recollection and familiarity were assessed using an Odor Recognition Test. We found that anesthetized children had significantly lower recollection scores and were impaired at recollecting associative information compared with controls. Familiarity, IQ, and Child Behavior Checklist scores were not different between groups. In rats, anesthetized subjects had significantly lower recollection scores than controls while familiarity was unaffected. Rats that had undergone tissue injury during anesthesia had similar recollection indices as rats that had been anesthetized without tissue injury. These findings suggest that general anesthesia in infancy impairs recollection later in life in humans and rats. In rats, this effect is independent of underlying disease or tissue injury.
Buchanan, Tony W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Specific Role for the Human Amygdala in Olfactory Memory
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2003Co-Authors: Buchanan, Tony W., Tranel Daniel, Adolphs RalphAbstract:The medial temporal lobe is known to play a role in the processing of olfaction and memory. The specific contribution of the human amygdala to memory for Odors has not been addressed, however. The role of this region in memory for Odors was assessed in patients with unilateral amygdala damage due to temporal lobectomy (n = 20; 11 left, 9 right), one patient with selective bilateral amygdala damage, and in 20 age-matched normal controls. Fifteen Odors were presented, followed 1 h later by an Odor–name matching Test and an Odor–Odor Recognition Test. Signal detection analyses showed that both unilateral groups were impaired in their memory for matching Odors with names, these patients were not significantly impaired on Odor–Odor Recognition. Bilateral amygdala damage resulted in severe impairment in both Odor–name matching as well as in Odor–Odor Recognition memory. Importantly, none of the patients were impaired on an auditory verbal learning task, suggesting that these findings reflect a specific impairment in olfactory memory, and not merely a more general memory deficit. Taken together, the data provide neuropsychological evidence that the human amygdala is essential for olfactory memory
