The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xiumin Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yield and characteristics of Shale Oil from the retorting of Oil Shale and fine Oil Shale ash mixtures
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Sha Wang, Xiumin JiangAbstract:For exploring and optimizing the Oil Shale fluidized bed retort with fine Oil-Shale ash as a solid heat carrier, retorting experiments of Oil Shale and fine Oil-Shale ash mixtures were conducted in a lab-scale retorting reactor to investigate the effects of fine Oil-Shale ash on Shale Oil. Oil Shale samples were obtained from Dachengzi Mine, China, and mixed with fine Oil-Shale ash in the ash/Shale mass ratios of 0:1, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1. The experimental retorting temperature was enhanced from room temperature to 520°C and the average heating rate was 12°Cmin−1. It was found that, with the increase of the Oil-Shale ash fraction, the Shale Oil yield first increased and then decreased obviously, whereas the gas yield appeared conversely. Shale Oil was analyzed for the elemental analysis, presenting its atomic H/C ratio of 1.78–1.87. Further, extraction and simulated distillation of Shale Oil were also conducted to explore the quality of Shale Oil. As a result, the ash/Shale mixing mass ratio of 1:2 was recommended only for the consideration of increasing the yield and quality of Shale Oil.
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Change of Pore Structure of Oil Shale Particles during Combustion. 2. Pore Structure of Oil-Shale Ash
Energy & Fuels, 2008Co-Authors: Xiangxin Han, Xiumin Jiang, Zhigang CuiAbstract:At present, there is a growing tendency to use low cost, commercially available Oil-Shale ash as a building material, a chemical filling material, an adsorbent, and so forth. To obtain Oil-Shale ash with higher porosity, the pore structure of Oil-Shale ash samples obtained from different combustion modes of Oil Shale was measured by using a N2 isothermal adsorption/desorption method. The surface morphology of sample particles was photographed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and their surface fractal dimensions were computed by a simple N2 adsorption isotherm method as well. As a result of a comparison between pore structures of Oil-Shale ash samples, the Oil-Shale ash, formed at a fast combustion mode without ash agglomeration occurring, has a larger pore volume and specific surface area because it has more pores and a rougher surface.
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progress and recent utilization trends in combustion of chinese Oil Shale
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2007Co-Authors: Xiumin JiangAbstract:Abstract The gradual decrease in conventional energy resources, and the growth of heavy industry, have placed great pressure on China's energy supplies. As a result of technological development, clean and diverse energy utilization facilities have become available in the energy market. Oil Shale with combustible organic materials is widespread throughout the earth; many researchers have been motivated to investigate efficient means to use Oil Shale as an alternative energy as soon as possible. In China, the conventional utilization of Oil Shale is concentrated mainly on Oil Shale retorting, and burning Oil Shale in pulverized furnaces, or bubbling fluidized beds. To improve the availability of Oil Shale, many specialists have advocated burning Oil Shale in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB), which has a satisfactory combustion efficiency, low NO X and SO 2 emission, adaptability to low-grade coal, etc. In Huadian, China, a plant incorporating three units of 65 t h −1 Oil Shale-fired CFB began successful commercial operation in 1996, proving that burning Oil Shale in a CFB produces both high combustion efficiency and environmental protection. For effective utilization of Oil Shale, its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics, emission performance of gaseous pollutants from an Oil Shale-fired CFB pilot setup, co-combustion characteristics of Oil Shale and high sulfur coal—as well as the operating performance of the Huadian CFB bOiler—were further studied. The resulting experimental data and theoretical analysis prove that Oil Shale resources have significant potential use in the combustion field. This paper introduces these fundamental characteristics and the industrial application of Oil Shale in combustion. Three projects are recommended for the future use of Oil Shale, based on the current status of energy and the characteristics of Oil Shale: (1) co-combustion of Oil Shale and high sulfur fuel for furnace desulfurization; (2) large-scale development of Oil Shale-fired CFBs; (3) a comprehensive Oil Shale utilization project to produce Shale Oil, burn Oil-Shale semicoke in a CFB bOiler to generate electricity and supply heat, and produce building materials with Oil Shale ash.
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new technology for the comprehensive utilization of chinese Oil Shale resources
Energy, 2007Co-Authors: Xiumin JiangAbstract:In China, the conventional utilization of Oil Shale is concentrated mainly on retorting Oil Shale to produce Shale Oil and fuel gas, and burning Oil Shale to generate electricity. The growth of petroleum price, and the development in heavy industry, make these conventional utilization facilities become unavailable on the energy market. In this paper, a new comprehensive utilization system is recommended for the future use of Huadian Oil Shale, based on the current status of energy and the characteristics of Oil Shale. The system involves three subsystems: retort subsystem, where coarse Oil Shale (8–80mm) is retorted to Shale Oil, hydrocarbon gases and Oil Shale semicoke; combustion subsystem, where the mixture fuel of Oil-Shale semicoke and fine Oil Shale (0–8mm) is fed to a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnace to burn, in order to generate high-pressure steam which is used to supply heat and generate electricity via a traditional steam-electric power mode; and ash processing subsystem, where Oil Shale ash from the CFB furnace is utilized to produce building materials. A comprehensive utilization system with handling capacity of 2.6×106t/a Huadian Oil Shale is economically analyzed, showing that it can advantage Oil Shale utilization in the economic efficiency and the product type.
Zhigang Cui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Change of Pore Structure of Oil Shale Particles during Combustion. 2. Pore Structure of Oil-Shale Ash
Energy & Fuels, 2008Co-Authors: Xiangxin Han, Xiumin Jiang, Zhigang CuiAbstract:At present, there is a growing tendency to use low cost, commercially available Oil-Shale ash as a building material, a chemical filling material, an adsorbent, and so forth. To obtain Oil-Shale ash with higher porosity, the pore structure of Oil-Shale ash samples obtained from different combustion modes of Oil Shale was measured by using a N2 isothermal adsorption/desorption method. The surface morphology of sample particles was photographed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and their surface fractal dimensions were computed by a simple N2 adsorption isotherm method as well. As a result of a comparison between pore structures of Oil-Shale ash samples, the Oil-Shale ash, formed at a fast combustion mode without ash agglomeration occurring, has a larger pore volume and specific surface area because it has more pores and a rougher surface.
Hongyan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on the co-pyrolysis characteristics of Oil Shale and spent Oil Shale
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015Co-Authors: Zhijun Wang, Xuexia Liu, Yin-feng Wang, Lijun Liu, Hongyan Wang, Sunhua Deng, You Hong SunAbstract:Co-pyrolysis of Oil Shale from different regions with spent Oil Shale from subcritical water extraction experiments is experimentally conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The mixture samples (Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale in blending ratio of 1:1) are heated from 30 up to 850 °C with heating rate of 5, 10 and 30 °C min−1, nitrogen flow rate of 30 mL min−1. Three different stages are identified based on TG curves of the mixture samples. The second stage which is due to the release of volatile matter is the primary reaction stage, and the mass loss discrepancies of the experimental and calculated TG profiles in the second stage are considered as a measurement of the interactions extent during the co-pyrolysis. The experimental mass loss of Nong’an and Fushun Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale mixture samples is higher than the calculated data, and the experimental mass loss of Huadian and Mudanjiang Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale mixture samples is lower than the calculated data. It is concluded that the interaction effect obviously occurred during the co-pyrolysis of Oil Shale and spent Oil Shale. In addition, the effect of kaoline and montmorillonite on the cracking of the kerogen is discussed according to the co-pyrolysis of kerogen and inorganic mineral. The release index of the kerogen, kerogen/kaolinite and kerogen/montmorillonite is 2.06 × 107, 4.58 × 107 and 1.89 × 107 % K−3 min−1, respectively. And the kinetic parameters of the samples are obtained by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method based on the thermogravimetric data, and the apparent activation energy of the kerogen, kerogen/kaolinite and kerogen/montmorillonite is 58.4, 25.7 and 95.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the release index and the kinetic parameters of the samples, we can conclude that the kaolinite is helpful for the pyrolysis of kerogen and the montmorillonite inhibits the pyrolysis of kerogen.
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Pyrolysis kinetic study of Huadian Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale and their mixtures by thermogravimetric analysis
Fuel Processing Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhijun Wang, Sunhua Deng, Yumin Zhang, Xuejun Cui, Hongyan WangAbstract:Abstract The pyrolysis kinetics of Huadian Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale obtained from near-critical water extraction experiments and their mixtures were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments were performed at four different heating rates of 2, 10, 20 and 50 K min− 1 from ambient temperature to 850 °C at under atmospheric pressure and nitrogen flux. The results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale and their mixtures involved three degradation steps. The temperature of the maximum degradation rate (Tmax) of the Oil Shale and mixtures shifted toward higher temperature with the increase of heating rate. The extent of interactions during co-pyrolysis was confirmed by comparing the experimental result with the theoretical one. Different thermogravimetric data were analyzed by integral method. According to the pyrolysis kinetic analysis, the apparent activation energy of spent Oil Shale and mixtures was lower than that of Oil Shale. The values of the obtained apparent activation energy of the mixtures decreased with an increasing spent Oil Shale fraction because of the decreasing of the macromolecular organic matters which needed much energy during the thermal decomposition. The results are reasonable to conclude that the spent Oil Shale was helpful for the degradation of Oil Shale in the mixture.
Zhiqin Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Permeability of Oil Shale Under In Situ Conditions: Fushun Oil Shale (China) Experimental Case Study
Natural Resources Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jing Zhao, Zhiqin KangAbstract:Oil Shale is a critical strategic energy source with very large reserves, and it is acknowledged as an alternative energy source to crude Oil. Oil Shale in situ retorting is the only technologically feasible method to achieve large-scale industrial development. In situ permeability is one of the most critical technical parameters for successful implementation of Oil Shale in situ retorting. In this study, the permeability of Fushun Oil Shale at different temperatures was investigated using a triaxial permeability testing machine under in situ conditions. The results show that the permeability of the Oil Shale under three-dimensional stress can be divided clearly into three stages from 20 °C to 600 °C. First, the Oil Shale remains almost impermeable from 20 °C to 200 °C. Second, in the temperature range from 200 °C to 350 °C, the permeability of the Oil Shale first increased and then decreased to almost zero at 350 °C owing to the dual constraints of the surrounding stress and additional expansion stress under in situ conditions. Third, from 350 °C to 600 °C, the permeability of the Oil Shale increased sharply and reached a maximum of 100 × 10−5 μm2 at 600 °C. Thermal cracking and solid organic matter pyrolysis were the main factors controlling the change in Oil Shale permeability in the test temperature range. The results suggest that the threshold temperature for Oil Shale permeability change was 350 °C under in situ conditions. In addition, under in situ conditions, the Oil Shale permeability decreased with increasing pore pressure at different temperatures. This work has direct applications for Oil Shale in situ large-scale exploitation.
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Review of Oil Shale in-situ conversion technology
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Zhiqin Kang, Yangsheng Zhao, Dong YangAbstract:Abstract Oil Shale is an important strategic resource with tremendous reserve. In-situ retorting is the only technology available to achieve large-scale industrial exploitation. This paper systematically introduces the intensive researches conducted by Zhao’s team on Oil Shale retorting, as well as the progress of Oil Shale in-situ conversion technology in the world. The Oil Shale deposit in sedimentary strata with hidden layering, and the kerogen in Oil Shale is dispersed in flat strips that ranges from a few to tens of microns in size. A large amount of micro-scale pores and fractures are formed along the bedding in Oil Shale during the in-situ pyrolysis process, which creates connected channels and enhances the effectiveness of thermal fluid injection and the yield of pyrolysis products. Back to 2005, Zhao’s team invented the Oil Shale in-situ retorting technology by injecting superheated steam, and related technical advantages are analyzed in detail. The principles of effective pyrolysis energy of Oil Shale are proposed so as to evaluate development stage of the reserve, meantime, the advantages of steam as a heat carrier fluid are specified by comparing the effective injection energy of steam and other gases. Furthermore, the scientific, technical, industrial advances of latest developments, including electric heating, fluid injection heating, combustion, and radiant heating in Oil Shale in-situ conversion technology are reviewed in detail. By comparing with the advantages and disadvantages of various technical solutions, the directions in which several key problems should be solved were pointed out.
Zhijun Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on the co-pyrolysis characteristics of Oil Shale and spent Oil Shale
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015Co-Authors: Zhijun Wang, Xuexia Liu, Yin-feng Wang, Lijun Liu, Hongyan Wang, Sunhua Deng, You Hong SunAbstract:Co-pyrolysis of Oil Shale from different regions with spent Oil Shale from subcritical water extraction experiments is experimentally conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The mixture samples (Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale in blending ratio of 1:1) are heated from 30 up to 850 °C with heating rate of 5, 10 and 30 °C min−1, nitrogen flow rate of 30 mL min−1. Three different stages are identified based on TG curves of the mixture samples. The second stage which is due to the release of volatile matter is the primary reaction stage, and the mass loss discrepancies of the experimental and calculated TG profiles in the second stage are considered as a measurement of the interactions extent during the co-pyrolysis. The experimental mass loss of Nong’an and Fushun Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale mixture samples is higher than the calculated data, and the experimental mass loss of Huadian and Mudanjiang Oil Shale/spent Oil Shale mixture samples is lower than the calculated data. It is concluded that the interaction effect obviously occurred during the co-pyrolysis of Oil Shale and spent Oil Shale. In addition, the effect of kaoline and montmorillonite on the cracking of the kerogen is discussed according to the co-pyrolysis of kerogen and inorganic mineral. The release index of the kerogen, kerogen/kaolinite and kerogen/montmorillonite is 2.06 × 107, 4.58 × 107 and 1.89 × 107 % K−3 min−1, respectively. And the kinetic parameters of the samples are obtained by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method based on the thermogravimetric data, and the apparent activation energy of the kerogen, kerogen/kaolinite and kerogen/montmorillonite is 58.4, 25.7 and 95.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the release index and the kinetic parameters of the samples, we can conclude that the kaolinite is helpful for the pyrolysis of kerogen and the montmorillonite inhibits the pyrolysis of kerogen.
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Pyrolysis kinetic study of Huadian Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale and their mixtures by thermogravimetric analysis
Fuel Processing Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhijun Wang, Sunhua Deng, Yumin Zhang, Xuejun Cui, Hongyan WangAbstract:Abstract The pyrolysis kinetics of Huadian Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale obtained from near-critical water extraction experiments and their mixtures were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments were performed at four different heating rates of 2, 10, 20 and 50 K min− 1 from ambient temperature to 850 °C at under atmospheric pressure and nitrogen flux. The results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of Oil Shale, spent Oil Shale and their mixtures involved three degradation steps. The temperature of the maximum degradation rate (Tmax) of the Oil Shale and mixtures shifted toward higher temperature with the increase of heating rate. The extent of interactions during co-pyrolysis was confirmed by comparing the experimental result with the theoretical one. Different thermogravimetric data were analyzed by integral method. According to the pyrolysis kinetic analysis, the apparent activation energy of spent Oil Shale and mixtures was lower than that of Oil Shale. The values of the obtained apparent activation energy of the mixtures decreased with an increasing spent Oil Shale fraction because of the decreasing of the macromolecular organic matters which needed much energy during the thermal decomposition. The results are reasonable to conclude that the spent Oil Shale was helpful for the degradation of Oil Shale in the mixture.
