The Experts below are selected from a list of 10413 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Benjamin K Sovacool - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the socio technical potential for Onshore Wind in europe a response to critics
Energy Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Enevoldsen, Benjamin K Sovacool, Finnhendrik Permien, Ines Bakhtaoui, Annakatharina Von Krauland, Mark Z Jacobson, George Xydis, Scott V ValentineAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses and rebuts McKenna et al.‘s (2020, hereinafter M20) critique of the European Wind power potential analysis of Enevoldsen et al. (2019, hereinafter E19). This paper rebuts M20's five claims regarding 1) potential definitions and conceptualizations of sociotechnical systems, 2) incomplete literature review, 3) opaque and incorrect use of input data, 4) oversimplified methods without validation, and 5) lack of consideration for some recent results. The five claims have been discussed using additional literature reviews, data from real operational European Onshore Wind turbines, elaborations of the research methodologies, as well as the justifications for the selected data and materials in E19, and finally thorough examinations of the proposed justifications for the five claims by M20 from where the majority was grounded in previous publications by the author group behind M20. We conclude that the relevant claims of M20 are incorrect or unproven, so the results of E19 stand.
-
Cost performance and risk in the construction of offshore and Onshore Wind farms
Wind Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin K Sovacool, Peter Enevoldsen, Christian Koch, Rebecca Jane BarthelmieAbstract:This article investigates the risk of cost overruns and underruns occurring in the construction of 51 Onshore and offshore Wind farms commissioned between 2000 and 2015 in 13 countries. In total, these projects required about $39 billion in investment and reached about 11 GW of installed capacity. We use this original dataset to test six hypotheses about construction cost overruns related to (i) technological learning, (ii) fiscal control, (iii) economies of scale, (iv) configuration, (v) regulation and markets and (vi) manufacturing experience. We find that across the entire dataset, the mean cost escalation per project is 6.5% or about $63 million per Windfarm, although 20 projects within the sample (39%) did not exhibit cost overruns. The majority of Onshore Wind farms exhibit cost underruns while for offshore Wind farms the results have a larger spread. Interestingly, no significant relationship exists between the size (in total MWor per individual turbine capacity) of a Windfarm and the severity of a cost overrun. Nonetheless, there is an indication that the risk increases for larger Wind farms at greater distances offshore using new types of turbines and foundations. Overall, the mean cost escalation for Onshore projects is 1.7% and 9.6% for offshore projects, amounts much lower than those for other energy infrastructure.
-
examining the social acceptance of Wind energy practical guidelines for Onshore Wind project development in france
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Enevoldsen, Benjamin K SovacoolAbstract:This study investigates methods for increasing the local social acceptance of Onshore Wind projects in France. It is based on input from semi-structured research interviews and insight from a French Wind energy company. That company had noted that a lack of local social acceptance of Wind projects increased the risk of failures, cost escalation, and project delays. In this study, we first summarize recent scholarship concerning local social opposition and acceptance of Wind energy through a selected literature review and case studies of Wind projects throughout Europe. We then use this data to create guidelines on how to increase the likelihood of social acceptance for Onshore Wind project development in France, and to inform current debates in the energy studies literature over the acceptance of Wind energy and energy transitions.
Peter Enevoldsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the socio technical potential for Onshore Wind in europe a response to critics
Energy Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Enevoldsen, Benjamin K Sovacool, Finnhendrik Permien, Ines Bakhtaoui, Annakatharina Von Krauland, Mark Z Jacobson, George Xydis, Scott V ValentineAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses and rebuts McKenna et al.‘s (2020, hereinafter M20) critique of the European Wind power potential analysis of Enevoldsen et al. (2019, hereinafter E19). This paper rebuts M20's five claims regarding 1) potential definitions and conceptualizations of sociotechnical systems, 2) incomplete literature review, 3) opaque and incorrect use of input data, 4) oversimplified methods without validation, and 5) lack of consideration for some recent results. The five claims have been discussed using additional literature reviews, data from real operational European Onshore Wind turbines, elaborations of the research methodologies, as well as the justifications for the selected data and materials in E19, and finally thorough examinations of the proposed justifications for the five claims by M20 from where the majority was grounded in previous publications by the author group behind M20. We conclude that the relevant claims of M20 are incorrect or unproven, so the results of E19 stand.
-
Cost performance and risk in the construction of offshore and Onshore Wind farms
Wind Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin K Sovacool, Peter Enevoldsen, Christian Koch, Rebecca Jane BarthelmieAbstract:This article investigates the risk of cost overruns and underruns occurring in the construction of 51 Onshore and offshore Wind farms commissioned between 2000 and 2015 in 13 countries. In total, these projects required about $39 billion in investment and reached about 11 GW of installed capacity. We use this original dataset to test six hypotheses about construction cost overruns related to (i) technological learning, (ii) fiscal control, (iii) economies of scale, (iv) configuration, (v) regulation and markets and (vi) manufacturing experience. We find that across the entire dataset, the mean cost escalation per project is 6.5% or about $63 million per Windfarm, although 20 projects within the sample (39%) did not exhibit cost overruns. The majority of Onshore Wind farms exhibit cost underruns while for offshore Wind farms the results have a larger spread. Interestingly, no significant relationship exists between the size (in total MWor per individual turbine capacity) of a Windfarm and the severity of a cost overrun. Nonetheless, there is an indication that the risk increases for larger Wind farms at greater distances offshore using new types of turbines and foundations. Overall, the mean cost escalation for Onshore projects is 1.7% and 9.6% for offshore projects, amounts much lower than those for other energy infrastructure.
-
examining the social acceptance of Wind energy practical guidelines for Onshore Wind project development in france
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Enevoldsen, Benjamin K SovacoolAbstract:This study investigates methods for increasing the local social acceptance of Onshore Wind projects in France. It is based on input from semi-structured research interviews and insight from a French Wind energy company. That company had noted that a lack of local social acceptance of Wind projects increased the risk of failures, cost escalation, and project delays. In this study, we first summarize recent scholarship concerning local social opposition and acceptance of Wind energy through a selected literature review and case studies of Wind projects throughout Europe. We then use this data to create guidelines on how to increase the likelihood of social acceptance for Onshore Wind project development in France, and to inform current debates in the energy studies literature over the acceptance of Wind energy and energy transitions.
-
Onshore Wind energy in Northern European forests: Reviewing the risks
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Peter EnevoldsenAbstract:Abstract Based on an extensive synthesis of more than 100 peer-reviewed studies, this study explores the risks associated with Onshore Wind energy in forested areas in Northern Europe. The analyses are performed using a risk management model to conduct a comprehensive literature review on Onshore Wind energy in such areas. Using an innovative division of a Wind turbine׳s lifecycle and risk categories, this study provides a complete overview of the present academic literature on the risks associated with Wind energy in forested areas. Consequently, this study contributes to the Wind industry in terms of the risks to be considered for Onshore Wind projects in forested areas in Northern Europe and to inform the debate in the energy studies literature concerning the lacks and explanations regarding the risks currently covered by the academic literature. The comparative analysis performed in this research reveals trends in the literature and their implications for time and phases of research. The scholarship contribution to the research topic have been compared to geographic specificities and country profiles for each of targeted countries in Northern Europe, resulting in a complete overview and introduction of the risks associated with Onshore Wind energy in forested areas in Northern Europe.
Russell Mckenna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Quantifying the trade-off between cost-efficiency and public acceptance for Onshore Wind
2020Co-Authors: Russell Mckenna, Jann Michael Weinand, Ismir Mulalic, Stefan Petrovic, Kai Mainzer, Tobias Preis, Helen Susannah MoatAbstract:Cost-efficiency and public acceptance are competing objectives for Onshore Wind locations. We quantify the link between economic Wind resources and beautiful landscapes with over 1.5 million ‘scenicness’ ratings of around 200,000 geotagged photographs from across Great Britain. We find statistically significant evidence that planning applications for Onshore Wind are more likely to be rejected when proposed in more scenic areas. Compared to the technical potential of Onshore Wind of 1700 TWh at total costs of £280 billion, removing the 10% most scenic areas implies about 18% lower generation potential and 8-26% higher costs. We consider connection distances to the nearest electricity network transformer for the first time, showing that the connection costs constitute up to half of the total costs. The results provide a quantitative framework for researchers and policymakers to consider the trade-offs between cost-efficiency and public acceptance for Onshore Wind.
-
On the socio-technical potential for Onshore Wind in Europe: A response to Enevoldsen et al. (2019), Energy Policy, 132, 1092-1100
Energy Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Russell Mckenna, David Severin Ryberg, Iain Staffell, Andrea N. Hahmann, Johannes Schmidt, Heidi Heinrichs, Stefan Höltinger, Johan Lilliestam, Stefan Pfenninger, Martin RobiniusAbstract:Abstract A recent article in this journal claimed to assess the socio-technical potential for Onshore Wind energy in Europe. We find the article to be severely flawed and raise concerns in five general areas. Firstly, the term socio-technical is not precisely defined, and is used by the authors to refer to a potential that others term as merely technical. Secondly, the study fails to account for over a decade of research in Wind energy resource assessments. Thirdly, there are multiple issues with the use of input data and, because the study is opaque about many details, the effect of these errors cannot be reproduced. Fourthly, the method assumes a very high Wind turbine capacity density of 10.73 MW/km2 across 40% of the land area in Europe with a generic 30% capacity factor. Fifthly, the authors find an implausibly high Onshore Wind potential, with 120% more capacity and 70% more generation than the highest results given elsewhere in the literature. Overall, we conclude that new research at higher spatial resolutions can make a valuable contribution to Wind resource potential assessments. However, due to the missing literature review, the lack of transparency and the overly simplistic methodology, Enevoldsen et al. (2019) potentially mislead fellow scientists, policy makers and the general public.
-
cost potential curves for Onshore Wind energy a high resolution analysis for germany
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Russell Mckenna, S Hollnaicher, Wolf FichtnerAbstract:Abstract Germany has set itself some very ambitious targets for energy supply from renewable sources, including 80% of electricity by 2050. The favourable economic political framework for renewable technologies has led to the rapid expansion of Onshore Wind and other renewables in the past years. Motivated by the lack of recent studies dealing with this issue, this paper determines the current potentials and costs for Onshore Wind in Germany. The developed methodology allocates a Wind turbine to a specific location based on the prevailing Wind conditions and the surface roughness, compared to previous studies, which assume that one or two turbines is/are installed overall. Cost-potential curves for Wind energy are thus generated on a highly disaggregated level (at least 1 km2) based on various discount rates. The technical potential is around 860 TWh/a and the associated generation costs lie in the range from 5 to 15 €ct/kWh, depending upon the degree of risk-adversity and cost of capital. This implies a currently economic potential of 400–800 TWh/a. The main uncertainties lie in the effect of small areas on the total potential. Further work should therefore focus on developing a clustering method for these small areas, considering the exact location of installed turbines and attempting to account for social barriers (and therefore social costs) to the development of Wind energy.
Martin Robinius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
On the socio-technical potential for Onshore Wind in Europe: A response to Enevoldsen et al. (2019), Energy Policy, 132, 1092-1100
Energy Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Russell Mckenna, David Severin Ryberg, Iain Staffell, Andrea N. Hahmann, Johannes Schmidt, Heidi Heinrichs, Stefan Höltinger, Johan Lilliestam, Stefan Pfenninger, Martin RobiniusAbstract:Abstract A recent article in this journal claimed to assess the socio-technical potential for Onshore Wind energy in Europe. We find the article to be severely flawed and raise concerns in five general areas. Firstly, the term socio-technical is not precisely defined, and is used by the authors to refer to a potential that others term as merely technical. Secondly, the study fails to account for over a decade of research in Wind energy resource assessments. Thirdly, there are multiple issues with the use of input data and, because the study is opaque about many details, the effect of these errors cannot be reproduced. Fourthly, the method assumes a very high Wind turbine capacity density of 10.73 MW/km2 across 40% of the land area in Europe with a generic 30% capacity factor. Fifthly, the authors find an implausibly high Onshore Wind potential, with 120% more capacity and 70% more generation than the highest results given elsewhere in the literature. Overall, we conclude that new research at higher spatial resolutions can make a valuable contribution to Wind resource potential assessments. However, due to the missing literature review, the lack of transparency and the overly simplistic methodology, Enevoldsen et al. (2019) potentially mislead fellow scientists, policy makers and the general public.
-
the future of european Onshore Wind energy potential detailed distribution and simulation of advanced turbine designs
Energy, 2019Co-Authors: David Severin Ryberg, Dilara Gulcin Caglayan, Sabrina Schmitt, Detlef Stolten, Jochen Linsen, Martin RobiniusAbstract:Abstract Considering the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Onshore Wind energy is certain to play a major role in future energy systems. This topic has received significant attention from the research community, producing many estimations of Europe's Onshore Wind potential for capacity and generation. Despite this focus, previous estimates appear to have underpredicted both the amount of available future Wind capacity as well as its performance. Foremost in this regard is the common use of contemporary, or at least near-future, turbine designs which are not fitting for a far-future context. In response to this, an improved, transparent, and fully reproducible work flow is presented here, and applied to determine a future-oriented Onshore Wind energy potential for Europe. Within a scenario of turbine cost and design in 2050, 13.4 TW of capacity is found to be available, allowing for 34.3 PWh of average generation per year. By sorting the explicitly-placed potential installation locations by their expected generation cost, national relationships between cost and performance versus installed capacity are found, and it is also seen that all countries possess some potential for Onshore Wind energy generation below 4 ct € kWh - 1 . Furthermore, it is unlikely for these costs to exceed 6 ct € kWh - 1 in any future capacity scenario.
-
The Future of European Onshore Wind Energy Potential: Detailed Distribution and Simulation of Advanced Turbine Designs
2018Co-Authors: David Severin Ryberg, Dilara Gulcin Caglayan, Sabrina Schmitt, Jochen Linßen, Detlef Stolten, Martin RobiniusAbstract:Considering the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Onshore Wind energy is certain to play a major role in future energy systems. This topic has received significant attention from the research community, producing many estimations of Europe's Onshore Wind potential for capacity and generation. Despite this focus, previous estimates have relied on distribution assumptions and simulation schemes that summarily under predict both the amount of available future Wind capacity as well as its performance. Foremost in this regard is the common use of contemporary, or at least near-future, turbine designs which are not fitting for a far-future context. To fulfill this role, an improved, transparent, and fully reproducible work flow is presented for determining European Onshore Wind potential. Within a scenario of turbine cost and design in 2050, 13.5 TWof capacity is found to be available, allowing for 34.4 PWh of generation. By sorting the explicitly-placed potential generation locations by their expected generation cost, national relations between turbine cost and performance versus a desired capacity are exposed. In this way, it is shown that all countries possess some potential for Onshore Wind energy generation below 4 €ct kWh-1. and, furthermore, that it is unlikely for these costs to exceed 6 €ct kWh-1.
Wolf Fichtner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cost potential curves for Onshore Wind energy a high resolution analysis for germany
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Russell Mckenna, S Hollnaicher, Wolf FichtnerAbstract:Abstract Germany has set itself some very ambitious targets for energy supply from renewable sources, including 80% of electricity by 2050. The favourable economic political framework for renewable technologies has led to the rapid expansion of Onshore Wind and other renewables in the past years. Motivated by the lack of recent studies dealing with this issue, this paper determines the current potentials and costs for Onshore Wind in Germany. The developed methodology allocates a Wind turbine to a specific location based on the prevailing Wind conditions and the surface roughness, compared to previous studies, which assume that one or two turbines is/are installed overall. Cost-potential curves for Wind energy are thus generated on a highly disaggregated level (at least 1 km2) based on various discount rates. The technical potential is around 860 TWh/a and the associated generation costs lie in the range from 5 to 15 €ct/kWh, depending upon the degree of risk-adversity and cost of capital. This implies a currently economic potential of 400–800 TWh/a. The main uncertainties lie in the effect of small areas on the total potential. Further work should therefore focus on developing a clustering method for these small areas, considering the exact location of installed turbines and attempting to account for social barriers (and therefore social costs) to the development of Wind energy.
-
Development of Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany
Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, 2009Co-Authors: Ronald Meisel, René Pforte, Wolf FichtnerAbstract:Die Entwicklung der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland wahrend der letzten Dekade verlief sehr dynamisch. MagBgeblich dafur war die systematische Forde-rung mittels der Erneuerbare Energien Gesetze (EEG) bzw. deren Vorlaufer. Vom Jahr 2009 an gilt ein uberarbeitetes Gesetz, welches u.a. erhohte Einspeisever-gutungen furWindenergie beinhaltet.Vorliegende Studien, die sich mit derzu-kunftigen Entwicklung auseinandersetzten, zeigen bereits deutlich unterschied-liche Szenarien fur die Entwicklung unter dem EEG 2000 und 2004. Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit den langfristigen Auswirkungen der verschiedenen vom Gesetz-geber festgelegten Einspeisetarife auseinander und stellt entsprechend unter-schiedliche Ausbauszenarien fur die deutsche Onshore Windenergienutzung dar. Das zugrunde liegende System Dynamics Modell berucksichtigt dabei sowohl technische als auch okonomische Parameter. Der Ansatz sowie die Ergebnisse werden anderen veroffentlichten Prognosen gegenubergestellt. Die Ergebnisse liegen innerhalb der Spannbreite der anderen berucksichtigten Studien, zei-gen jedoch auch interessante Unterschiede. Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany has developed very dynamically in the last decade. This has mainly been driven by the renewable energy laws that systematically support the expansion of renewable energy in the electricity sector. In 2009 a revised law with increased feed-in tariffs for Wind energy has come into force. Existing studies already predict a wide range of development patterns under the Renewable Energy Sources Acts 2000 and 2004. This paper investigates the long term impact of different feed-in tariffs implemented by the legislative authorities and it provides corresponding future development patterns of Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany. The underlying System Dynamics model considers technical as well as economic conditions and constraints. The approach and the model’s results are contrasted with other published predictions qualitatively and quantitatively. This comparison shows that the model’s outcome lies in the range of predictions by existing studies, but also shows some interesting differences.
-
Development of Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany : A system dynamics approach (Erzeugung)
2009Co-Authors: Ronald Meisel, René Pforte, Wolf FichtnerAbstract:Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany has developed very dynamically in the last decade. This has mainly been driven by the renewable energy laws that systematically support the expansion of renewable energy in the electricity sector. In 2009 a revised law with increased feed-in tariffs for Wind energy has come into force. Existing studies already predict a wide range of development patterns under the Renewable Energy Sources Acts 2000 and 2004. This paper investigates the long term impact of different feed-in tariffs implemented by the legislative authorities and it provides corresponding future development patterns of Onshore Wind energy utilisation in Germany. The underlying System Dynamics model considers technical as well as economic conditions and constraints. The approach and the model’s results are contrasted with other published predictions qualitatively and quantitatively. This comparison shows that the model’s outcome lies in the range of predictions by existing studies, but also shows some interesting differences.
