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Gonzalo Giribet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the sensory equipment of a sandokanid an extreme case of tarsal reduction in harvestmen arachnida Opiliones laniatores
    Journal of Morphology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Prashant P Sharma, Gonzalo Giribet, Guilherme Gainett, Rodrigo Hirata Willemart
    Abstract:

    The study of sensory structures has the potential to provide insights into the natural history and evolution of animals. The sensory structures of arachnids are usually concentrated on the pedipalps (the tritocerebral appendages) or on the distal podomere (tarsus) of the anterior walking legs, the latter being the case for armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores). Therefore, modifications of the tarsus could have direct impacts on the sensory equipment of these animals. Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the sensory equipment in an extreme case of reduction in tarsal articles in the harvestman Sandokan truncatus (Sandokanidae), which bears a single tarsomere in all legs, and the potential consequences of this reduction. Additionally, we review the literature on the natural history of the family Sandokanidae. Tarsomeres of all legs are equipped with gustatory sensilla, mechanoreceptors, and a pore organ, but wall-pored olfactory sensilla are restricted to tarsi I and II. Tarsi II present a higher density of olfactory sensilla and also putative campaniform sensilla (strain detectors), which indicates a special sensory function of this pair of legs. Other podomeres are covered with shelled sensilla, a probable chemoreceptor previously unreported in Opiliones. Overall, S. truncatus has types of sensilla largely comparable to harvestmen with longer and subdivided tarsi. However, S. truncatus also exhibits extra-tarsal sensory fields of sensilla basiconica (putative thermo-/hygroreceptors) in previously undescribed sites, and the unique pore organs. Our results establish a basis for further research investigating the natural history, as well as the evolutionary correlations and mechanistic causes of the tarsal reduction in this enigmatic lineage.

  • the Opiliones tree of life shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Palaeozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographic patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Owing to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to infer their systematic relationships. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here, we analysed a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing approximately 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families and higher taxa are precisely placed. Our dating analyses using alternative calibration points, methods and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as an overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group.

  • Figure S3 from The Opiliones tree of life: shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Figure S3. Chronogram of Opiliones evolution for the 78-gene data set with 95% highest posterior density (HPD) values for a) the dating for the first calibration configuration (i.e., the age of Eophalangium as the minimum age of Cyphophthalmi) under the autocorrelated (page 1) and uncorrelated gamma model (page 2), and b) the second calibration configuration (i.e., the age of Eophalangium as the floor of Opiliones) under the autocorrelated (page3) and uncorrelated gamma model (page 4)

  • Extended Material and Methods from The Opiliones tree of life: shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Palaeozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographic patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Owing to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to infer their systematic relationships. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here, we analysed a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing approximately 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families and higher taxa are precisely placed. Our dating analyses using alternative calibration points, methods and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as an overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group

  • the Opiliones tree of life shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    bioRxiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Paleozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographical patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Due to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to systematics. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here we analyze a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing ca. 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families are precisely placed. Our dating analyses also using alternative calibration points, methods, and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as a general overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group.

Prashant P Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the sensory equipment of a sandokanid an extreme case of tarsal reduction in harvestmen arachnida Opiliones laniatores
    Journal of Morphology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Prashant P Sharma, Gonzalo Giribet, Guilherme Gainett, Rodrigo Hirata Willemart
    Abstract:

    The study of sensory structures has the potential to provide insights into the natural history and evolution of animals. The sensory structures of arachnids are usually concentrated on the pedipalps (the tritocerebral appendages) or on the distal podomere (tarsus) of the anterior walking legs, the latter being the case for armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores). Therefore, modifications of the tarsus could have direct impacts on the sensory equipment of these animals. Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the sensory equipment in an extreme case of reduction in tarsal articles in the harvestman Sandokan truncatus (Sandokanidae), which bears a single tarsomere in all legs, and the potential consequences of this reduction. Additionally, we review the literature on the natural history of the family Sandokanidae. Tarsomeres of all legs are equipped with gustatory sensilla, mechanoreceptors, and a pore organ, but wall-pored olfactory sensilla are restricted to tarsi I and II. Tarsi II present a higher density of olfactory sensilla and also putative campaniform sensilla (strain detectors), which indicates a special sensory function of this pair of legs. Other podomeres are covered with shelled sensilla, a probable chemoreceptor previously unreported in Opiliones. Overall, S. truncatus has types of sensilla largely comparable to harvestmen with longer and subdivided tarsi. However, S. truncatus also exhibits extra-tarsal sensory fields of sensilla basiconica (putative thermo-/hygroreceptors) in previously undescribed sites, and the unique pore organs. Our results establish a basis for further research investigating the natural history, as well as the evolutionary correlations and mechanistic causes of the tarsal reduction in this enigmatic lineage.

  • the Opiliones tree of life shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Palaeozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographic patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Owing to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to infer their systematic relationships. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here, we analysed a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing approximately 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families and higher taxa are precisely placed. Our dating analyses using alternative calibration points, methods and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as an overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group.

  • Extended Material and Methods from The Opiliones tree of life: shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Palaeozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographic patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Owing to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to infer their systematic relationships. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here, we analysed a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing approximately 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families and higher taxa are precisely placed. Our dating analyses using alternative calibration points, methods and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as an overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group

  • Figure S3 from The Opiliones tree of life: shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Figure S3. Chronogram of Opiliones evolution for the 78-gene data set with 95% highest posterior density (HPD) values for a) the dating for the first calibration configuration (i.e., the age of Eophalangium as the minimum age of Cyphophthalmi) under the autocorrelated (page 1) and uncorrelated gamma model (page 2), and b) the second calibration configuration (i.e., the age of Eophalangium as the floor of Opiliones) under the autocorrelated (page3) and uncorrelated gamma model (page 4)

  • the Opiliones tree of life shedding light on harvestmen relationships through transcriptomics
    bioRxiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rosa Fernández, Prashant P Sharma, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Gonzalo Giribet
    Abstract:

    Opiliones are iconic arachnids with a Paleozoic origin and a diversity that reflects ancient biogeographical patterns dating back at least to the times of Pangea. Due to interest in harvestman diversity, evolution and biogeography, their relationships have been thoroughly studied using morphology and PCR-based Sanger approaches to systematics. More recently, two studies utilized transcriptomics-based phylogenomics to explore their basal relationships and diversification, but sampling was limiting for understanding deep evolutionary patterns, as they lacked good taxon representation at the family level. Here we analyze a set of the 14 existing transcriptomes with 40 additional ones generated for this study, representing ca. 80% of the extant familial diversity in Opiliones. Our phylogenetic analyses, including a set of data matrices with different gene occupancy and evolutionary rates, and using a multitude of methods correcting for a diversity of factors affecting phylogenomic data matrices, provide a robust and stable Opiliones tree of life, where most families are precisely placed. Our dating analyses also using alternative calibration points, methods, and analytical parameters provide well-resolved old divergences, consistent with ancient regionalization in Pangea in some groups, and Pangean vicariance in others. The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with the broadest taxonomic sampling to date presented in a phylogenomic study of harvestmen, provide new insights into harvestmen interrelationships, as well as a general overview of the general biogeographic patterns of this ancient arthropod group.

Machado G. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reproductive Behavior In Harvestmen (arachnida): Mating Systems And Parental Care [comportamento Reprodutivo De Opiliões (arachnida): Sistemas De Acasalamento E Cuidado Parental]
    2015
    Co-Authors: Machado G., Requena G.s., Buzatto B.a.
    Abstract:

    Opiliones (harvestmen) undergo a prolonged process of reproduction, which consists of finding a suitable mate, persuading the mate to copulate, succeeding in fertilization and oviposition, and, in some cases, protecting the brood. In most harvestman species studied so far the manner of mate acquisition is a type of resource defense polygyny in which males fight over territories containing the preferred sites for oviposition by females. In at least one species, Acutisoma proximum, there is a discontinuous variation in the lengths of the sexually dimorphic second pair of legs, which are used as weapons by larger males when fighting over territories. Males with a shorter pair of second legs do not fight for territories, but instead adopt an alternative mating tactic of furtively invading the harems of the larger males to copulate. After oviposition, females of many harvestman species of the superfamily Gonyleptoidea take care of their eggs and young nymphs. Maternal care in harvestmen is expected to evolve when: (1) females live long enough to watch over the offspring after oviposition, (2) females are capable of defending their offspring against potential predators, and (3) females have a single reproductive event during the breeding season, so that they can achieve greater reproductive success by defending their eggs until hatch. Although caring for the offspring negatively affects the fecundity of females, this behavior was demonstrated to play a crucial role in enhancing egg survival and preventing predation by conspecifics and other arthropods. In at least seven lineages of harvestmen of the suborder Laniatores, males are responsible for watching over the offspring. Whereas maternal care most likely evolved as a result of natural selection, paternal care in harvestmen seems to have evolved as a result of sexual selection. According to experimental evidence, males capable of providing paternal care are preferred by females and thus produce more brood than males unable and/or unwilling to provide paternal care. Additionally, it was shown that males tend to care for egg clutches from other males that were experimentally removed, as the eggs attract females. The reproductive biology of harvestmen is fascinating, and the clade provides an ideal and yet unexplored system for the study of sexual selection.1315879Acosta, L.E., Machado, G., Diet and foraging (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 309-338. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeAlcock, J., (2001) Animal Behavior, p. 543. , Sinauer, SunderlandAndersson, M., (1994) Sexual Selection, p. 599. , Princeton University Press, PrincetonBateman, A.J., Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila (1948) Heredity, 2, pp. 349-368Bell, G., On breeding more than once (1976) The American Naturalist, 110, pp. 57-77Buzatto, B.A., Machado, G., Resource defense polygyny shifts to female defense polygyny over the course of the reproductive season of the harvestman Acutisoma proximum (Arachnida: Opiliones) (2008) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63, pp. 85-94Buzatto, B.A., Requena, G.S., Martins, E.G., Machado, G., Effects of maternal care on the lifetime reproductive success of females in a Neotropical harvestman (2007) Journal of Animal Ecology, 76, pp. 937-945Clutton-Brock, T.H., (1991) The Evolution of Parental Care, p. 368. , Princeton University Press, New JerseyCokendolpher, J.C., Tsurusaki, N., Tourinho, A.L., Taylor, C.K., Gruber, J., Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Taxonomy: Eupnoi (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 108-131. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeCokendolpher, J.C., Mitov, P.G., Natural enemies (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 339-373. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeCook, J.M., Bean, D., Cryptic male dimorphism and fighting in a fig wasp (2006) Animal Behaviour, 71, pp. 1095-1101Curtis, D.J., Machado, G., Ecology (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 280-308. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeDarwin, C., (1871) The Descent of Man, and Selection In Relation to Sex, p. 597. , John Murray, LondonDawkins, R., Carlisle, T.R., Parental investment, mate desertion and a fallacy (1976) Nature, 262, pp. 131-133Dimock Jr., R.V., Population dynamics of unionicola formosa (Acari: Unionicolidae), a water mite with a harem (1985) American Midland Naturalist, 114, pp. 168-179Eberhard, W.G., (1980) Horned Beetles. 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Bettini (ed.), Springer-Verlag, BerlimElpino-Campos, A., Pereira, W., del-Claro, K., Machado, G., Behavioural repertory and notes on natural history of the Neotropical harvestman Discocyrtus oliverioi (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (2001) Bulletin of The British Arachnological Society, 12, pp. 144-150Emlen, S.T., Oring, L.W., Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems (1977) Science, 197, pp. 215-223Forster, R.R., The New Zealand harvestmen (sub-order Laniatores) (1954) Canterbury Museum Bulletin, 2, pp. 1-329Gadgil, M., Male dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection (1972) The American Naturalist, 104, pp. 1-24Giribet, G., Taxonomy: Cyphophthalmi. Pp. 92-108 (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, p. 597. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeGiribet, G., Edgecombe, G.D., Wheeler, W.C., Babbitt, C., Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones: A combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data (2002) Cladistics, 18, pp. 5-70Giribet, G., Kury, A.B., Phylogeny and biogeography (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 62-87. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeGiribet, G., Rambla, M., Carranza, S., Riutort, M., Baguñà, J., Ribera, C., Phylogeny of the arachnid order Opiliones (Arthropoda) inferred from a combined approach of complete 18S, partial 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology (1999) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11, pp. 296-307Gnaspini, P., Reproduction and postembryonic development of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1995) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 28, pp. 137-151Gnaspini, P., Development (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 455-472. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeGnaspini, P., Hara, M.R., Defense mechanisms (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 374-399. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. 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Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeHara, M.R., Gnaspini, P., Machado, G., Male guarding behavior in the neotropical harvestman Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitão, 1922) (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptidae) (2003) Journal of Arachnology, 31, pp. 441-444Hostache, G., Mol, J.H., Reproductive biology of the Neotropical armored catfish Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae): A synthesis stressing the role of the floating bubble nest (1998) Aquatic Living Resources, 11, pp. 173-185Juberthie, C., Recherches sur la biologie des opilions (1964) Annales De Spéléologie, 19, pp. 1-244Kight, S.L., Factors influencing maternal behaviour a burrower bug, Sehiurus cinctus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae) (1997) Animal Behaviour, 53, pp. 105-112Kokko, H., Jennions, M., It takes two to tango (2003) Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 18, pp. 103-104Kury, A.B., Machado, G., Transporte de ovos pelos machos: Uma sinapomorfia comportamental para os opiliões da família Podoctidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) (2003) IV Encontro de Aracnólogos do Cone Sul, p. 127. , G. Machado & A.d. Brescovit (eds.), São Pedro, São Paulo, BrasilKury, A.B., Taxonomy: Laniatores (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 159-246. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeMachado, G., Maternal or paternal egg guarding? Revisiting parental care in triaenonychid harvestmen (Opiliones) (2007) Journal of Arachnology, 35, pp. 202-204Machado, G., Carrera, P., Pomini, A.M., Marsaioli, A.J., Chemical defense in harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): Do benzoquinone secretions deter invertebrate and vertebrate predators? (2005) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, pp. 2519-2539Machado, G., Macías-Ordóñez, R., Reproduction (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 414-454. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.), Harvard University Press, CambridgeMachado, G., Oliveira, P.S., Reproductive biology of the neotropical harvestman (Goniosoma longipes) (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae): Mating and oviposition behaviour, brood mortality, and parental care (1998) Journal of Zoology, 246, pp. 359-367Machado, G., Oliveira, P.S., Maternal care in the neotropical harvestman Bourguyia albiornata (Arachnida: Opiliones): Oviposition site selection and egg protection (2002) Behaviour, 139, pp. 1509-1524Machado, G., Raimundo, R.L.G., Parental investment and the evolution of subsocial behaviour in harvestmen (Arachnida Opiliones) (2001) Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, 13, pp. 133-150Machado, G., Requena, G.S., Buzatto, B.A., Osses, F., Rossetto, L.M., Five new cases of paternal care in harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): Implications for the evolution of male guarding in the Neotropical family Gonyleptidae (2004) Sociobiology, 44, pp. 577-598Macías-Ordóñez, R., (1997) The Mating System of Leiobunum Vittatum Say 1821 (arachnida: Opiliones: Palpatores): Resource Defense Polygyny In the Striped Harvestman, p. 167. , Tese de doutorado. Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USAMacías-Ordóñez, R., Touchy harvestmen (2000) Natural History, 109, pp. 58-61Macías-Ordóñez, R., Machado, G., Pérez-González, A., Shultz, J.W., Genitalic evolution in Opiliones The Evolution of Primary Characters In Animals, , Pp. no prelo. In: J. Leonard & A. Córdoba-Aguilar (eds.), Oxford University Press, OxfordMartens, J., Further cases of paternal care in Opiliones (Arachnida) (1993) Tropical Zoology, 6, pp. 97-107Maynard-Smith, J., (1982) Evolution and The Theory of Games, p. 226. , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeMaynard-Smith, J., Can a mixed strategy be stable in a finite population? 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Uberlândia, BrasilRidley, M., Paternal care (1978) Animal Behaviour, 20, pp. 904-932Rodriguez, C.A., Guerrero, S., La historia natural y el comportamiento de Zygopachylus albomarginis (Chamberlin) (Arachnida, Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1976) Biotropica, 8, pp. 242-247Saito, Y., Factors determining harem ownership in a subsocial spider mite (Acari, Tetranychidae) (1990) Journal of Ethology, 8, pp. 37-43Shultz, J.W., Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida (1990) Cladistics, 6, pp. 1-38Shultz, J.W., Phylogeny of Opiliones (Arachnida): An assessment of the "Cyphopalpatores" concept (1998) Journal of Arachnology, 26, pp. 257-272Shultz, J.W., A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters (2007) Zoological Journal of The Linnean Society, 150, pp. 221-265Shultz, J.W., Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Morphology and functional anatomy (2007) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones, pp. 14-61. , In: R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. 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  • Daily Activity Schedule, Gregariousness, And Defensive Behaviour In The Neotropical Harvestman Goniosoma Longipes (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
    2015
    Co-Authors: Machado G., Raimundo R.l.g., Oliveira P.s.
    Abstract:

    In this paper we provide a field account of some aspects of the behavioural biology of Goniosoma longipes (Roewer), a harvestman which commonly occurs in caves in South-east Brazil. During daytime, solitary and aggregated individuals can be found resting on the cave walls. Just after sunset, however, many individuals leave the cave to forage for live and dead arthropods. Foraging individuals return to the cave before dawn. Aggregations of G. longipes contain on average 34 individuals (range 7-200), and the groups are usually found close to the water source and away from the cave entrance. The main predators of G. longipes are the spider Ctenus fasciatus Mello-Leitao (Ctenidae) and the opossum Philander opossum (L.) (Didelphidae). Upon disturbance solitary and aggregated individuals may either flee, or drop from the cave wall or vegetation. The harvestmen can also release a repugnatory liquid upon manipulation, and aggregated individuals collectively discharge this secretion toward the aggressor before fleeing. The activity schedule of G. longipes shows that individuals need to leave the cave periodically to forage, and therefore the population can be considered trogloxene. Data on the food items collected by G. longipes indicate that the harvestman is a generalist predator which also feeds on dead animal matter. Gregarious behaviour is considered relatively common among harvestmen and has been interpreted in several ways. We suggest that gregarious behaviour in G. longipes may be related with the choice of more suitable microconditions in the cave habitat and/or with group chemical defence.344587596Acosta, L.E., Poretti, T.I., Mascarelli, P.E., The defensive secretions of Pachyloidellus goliath (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptidae) (1993) Bonner Zoologishche Beiträge, 44, pp. 19-31Anuradha, K., Parthasarathy, M.D., Field studies on the ecology of gagrellula saddlana roewer (Palpatores, Opiliones, Arachnida) and its behaviour in the laboratory condition (1976) Bulletin of the Ethological Society of India, 1, pp. 68-71Barr T.C., Jr., Holsinger, J.R., Speciation in cave faunas (1985) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, pp. 313-337Berland, L., Ordre des opilions (1949) Traité de Zoologie, Anatomie, Systematique, Biologie, pp. 761-793. , P. Grassé (ed.) 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(1990) Revue Arachnologique, 8, pp. 213-219Cokendolpher, J.C., Observations on the defensive behaviors of a neotropical Gonyleptidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) (1987) Revue Arachnologique, 7, pp. 59-63Cokendolpher, J.C., Pathogens and parasites of Opiliones (Arthropoda: Arachnida) (1993) Journal of Arachnology, 21, pp. 120-146Duffield, R.M., Olubajo, O., Wheeler, J.W., Shear, W.A., Alkyphenols in the defensive secretion of the Nearctic opilionid, Stygnomma spinifera (Arachnida: Opiliones) (1981) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 7, pp. 445-452Edgar, A.E., Studies on the biology and ecology of Michigan Phalangida (Opiliones) (1971) Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 144, pp. 1-64Edgar, A.E., Opiliones (Phalangida) (1990) Soil Biology Guide, pp. 529-581. , D. L. Dindal (ed.) 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(New York: Academic Press)Gnaspini, P., Reproduction and postembryonic development of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1995) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 28, pp. 137-151Gnaspini, P., Population ecology of goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1996) Journal of Zoology, 239, pp. 417-435Gnaspini, P., Cavalheiro, A.J., Chemical and behavioral defences of a Neotropical cavernicolous harvestman: Goniosoma spelaeum (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae) (1998) Journal of Arachnology, 26, pp. 81-90Gnaspini, P., Trajano, E., Brazilian cave invertebrates, with a checklist of troglomorphic taxa (1994) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38, pp. 549-584Holmberg, R.G., The scent glands of Opiliones: A review of their function (1983) Proceedings of the 5th Congress International of Arachnology, 1983, pp. 131-133Holmberg, R.G., Angerilli, N.P.D., Lacasse, J.L., Overwintering aggregation of Leiobunum paessleri in caves and mines (Arachnida, Opiliones) (1984) Journal of Arachnology, 12, pp. 195-204Holsinger, J.R., Culver, D.C., The invertebrate cave fauna of Virginia and a part of Eastern Tennessee: Zoogeography and ecology (1988) Brimleyana, 14, pp. 1-162Kaestner, A., Arachnids and myriapods (1980) Invertebrate Zoology, 2. , trans. and adapted by H. W. Levi and E. R. Levi (Hutington: Robert E. 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  • Sperm Morphology Of The Neotropical Harvestman Iporangaia Pustulosa (arachnida: Opiliones): Comparative Morphology And Functional Aspects
    2015
    Co-Authors: Moya J., Machado G., Mancini K., Dolder H.
    Abstract:

    We describe herein the sperm morphology of the harvestman Iporangaia pustulosa. Adult males were dissected, the reproductive tract was schematized and the seminal vesicle was processed by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The male reproductive tract is composed of a tubular testis, two deferent ducts, a seminal vesicle, a propulsive organ and a penis, similar to that observed in other Opiliones. The spermatozoa from the seminal vesicle are oval, aflagellate and immotile, presenting a nucleus surrounding an invagination of the cytoplasm, as well as a complex acrosome and projections on the cell surface. In the testis, spermatozoa are devoid of projections. In the seminal vesicle, they gradually acquire the projections with tufts adhering to it. Consequently, spermatozoa in various distinct stages of projection development can be found in the seminal vesicle. We believe that these projections (1) could help transport sperm along the male and perhaps female reproductive tracts; (2) are used to anchor the spermatozoa inside the female spermatheca in order to avoid mechanical displacement by the genitalia of other males and (3) may play a role in oocyte recognition. We propose that the evolution of aflagellarity in Opiliones is related to the unique morphology of the female reproductive tract. Since eggs are fertilized on the tip of the ovipositor just prior to being laid, there is no advantage favoring sperm mobility. Additionally, female sperm receptacles are small and males that produced small spermatozoa would have a higher chance of fertilizing more eggs. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.3615362Alberti, G., Comparative spermatology of Chelicerata: review and perspective (1995) Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 166, pp. 203-230. , Advances in Spermatozoal Phylogeny and Taxonomy. Jamieson B.G.M., Ausio J., and Justine J.L. (Eds)Alberti, G., Chelicerata (2000) Progress in Male Gamete Ultrastructure and Phylogeny, 9, pp. 311-388. , Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates. Jamieson B.G.M., Adiyodi K.G., and Adiyodi R.G. (Eds), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., QueenslandAlberti, G., Double spermatogenesis in Chelicerata (2005) Journal of Morphology, 266, pp. 281-297Alberti, G., Peretti, A.V., Fine structure of male genital system and sperm in Solifugae does not support a sister-group relationship with Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) (2002) Journal of Arachnology, 30, pp. 268-274Berland, L., Ordre des Opilions (1949) Traité de Zoologie, 6, pp. 761-793. , Grassé P.P. 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  • Five New Cases Of Paternal Care In Harvestmen (arachnida: Opiliones): Implications For The Evolution Of Male Guarding In The Neotropical Family Gonyleptidae
    2015
    Co-Authors: Machado G., Requena G.s., Buzatto B.a., Osses F., Rossetto L.m.
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we present field observations on paternal care in five species of harvestmen belonging to the family Gonyleptidae: Gonyleptes saprophilus, Neosadocus sp. (Gonyleptinae), Iguapeia melanocephala, Iporangaia pustulosa, and Progonyleptoidellus striatus (Progonyleptoidellinae). We also provide a critical reassessment of all cases of paternal care in harvestmen and examine the extent to which the available data can be used to test a recent theory on the evolution of exclusive male care via sexual selection. Eggs of the two Gonyleptinae species are laid inside natural cavities in trunks and in the soil, whereas eggs of the Progonyleptoidellinae are laid on the undersurface of leaves and are covered by a thick mucus coat. Females of the five species are iteroparous and the batches generally consist of eggs in several embryonic stages. This finding suggests that males have many mating opportunities and that they guard eggs laid by more than one female. Data from other four paternal harvestmen (Zygopachylus albomarginis, Lepchana spinipalpis, Ampheres leucopheus, and Cadeadoius niger) are quite similar and support most of the predictions of the theory on the evolution of exclusive male care via sexual selection. However, information supporting the prediction that males should be willing to guard unrelated eggs is ambiguous since in at least two species, I. pustulosa and Z. albomarginis, vagrant males do not hesitate to eat the eggs of unprotected batches. There are several differences in the behavioral patterns of guarding male and female harvestmen. The evolution of maternal care was clearly driven by natural selection, whereas paternal care seems to be a sexually selected trait. Paternal care has apparently evolved independently several times in the order Opiliones and at least twice within the Gonyleptidae: once in the subfamily Gonyleptinae and once in the ancestor of the clade Caelopyginae + Progonyleptoidellinae.443577598Bateman, A.J., Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila (1948) Heredity, 2, pp. 349-368Bhatkar, A., Whitcomb, W.H., Artificial diet for rearing various species of ants (1970) Florida Entomologist, 53, pp. 229-232Bulmer, M.G., Parker, G.A., The evolution of anisogamy: A game-theoretic approach (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 269, pp. 2381-2388Buzatto, B., Requena, G.S., Machado, G., Cuidado maternal no opilião Serracutisoma proximum (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (2003) IV Encontro de Aracnólogos Do Cone Sul, p. 224. , G. Machado & A.D. Brescovit, eds. 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Morellato, ed. Editora da Unicamp, CampinasPinto-da-Rocha, R., Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the Caelopyginae (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (2002) Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, pp. 357-464Queller, D.C., Why do females care more than males? (1997) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 264, pp. 1555-1557Reynolds, J.D., Goodwin, N.B., Freckleton, R.P., Evolutionary transitions in parental care and live bearing in vertebrates (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 357, pp. 269-281Rodriguez, C.A., Guerrero, S., La historia natural y el comportamiento de Zygopachylus albomarginis (Chamberlin) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1976) Biotropica, 8, pp. 242-247Smith, R.L., Evolution of paternal care in the giant water bugs (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) (1997) The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids, pp. 116-149. , J.C. Choe & B.J. Crespi, eds. 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  • Alarm Communication: A New Function For The Scent-gland Secretion In Harvestmen (arachnida: Opiliones)
    2015
    Co-Authors: Machado G., Oliveira P.s.
    Abstract:

    Most harvestmen are nocturnal, nonacoustical, and nonvisual arthropods. They have a pair of exocrine glands on the cephalothorax that produce defensive volatile secretions. We investigated in the field the possible alarm effect of these secretions in the gregarious harvestman Goniosoma aff. proximum. A cotton swab soaked with the species' own exudate (treatment), or with water (control), was held 1-2 cm from the center of harvestmen aggregations. The results showed that the gland secretion elicits an alarm response in Goniosoma: whereas 73.3% of the aggregations dispersed after being stimulated with the gland exudate, only 3.3% responded to the water control. Respondent groups are larger than nonrespondent groups, and the time of reaction to the secretion was inversely related to group size. This is the first demonstration of a chemically-mediated alarm effect in harvestmen. The alarm response in gregarious harvestmen has possibly evolved as a by-product of a primarily defensive reaction in the context of predator avoidance. The discovery of this novel function of scent-gland secretion is meaningful in view of the widespread occurrence of gregarious habit among species of the order Opiliones.898357360Acosta, L.E., Poretti, T.I., Mascarelli, P.E., The defensive secretions of Pachyloidellus goliath (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae) (1993) Bonn Zool Beitr, 44, pp. 9-31Billen, J., Morgan, E.D., Pheromone communication in social insects: Sources and secretions (1998) Pheromone communication in social insects, pp. 3-33. , Vander Meer RK, Breed MD, Winston ML, Espelie KE (eds). 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Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New YorkGnaspini, P., Population ecology of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1996) J Zool, 239, pp. 417-435Gnaspini, P., Cavalheiro, A.J., Chemical and behavioral defenses of a Neotropical cavernicolous harvestman: Goniosoma spelaeum (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae) (1998) J Arachnol, 26, pp. 81-90Hölldobler, B., Communication in social Hymenoptera (1977) How animals communicate, pp. 418-471. , Sebeok TA (ed). Indiana University Press, BloomingtonHolmberg, R.G., The scent glands of Opiliones: A review of their function (1986) Proceedings of the Fifth International Arachnological Congress, pp. 131-133Holmberg, R.G., Angerilli, N.P.D., Lacasse, J.L., Overwintering aggregation of Leiobunum paessleri in caves and mines (Arachnida: Opiliones) (1984) J Arachnol, 12, pp. 195-204Hoogland, J.L., The evolution of coloniality in white-tailed and black-tailed prairie dogs (Sciuridae: Cynomys leucurus and C. ludovicianus) (1981) Ecology, 62, pp. 252-272Karlson, P., Lüscher, M., "Pheromones" a new term for a class of biologically active substances (1959) Nature, 183, pp. 155-156Kenward, R.E., Hawks and doves: Factors affecting success and selection in goshawk attacks on wild pigeons (1978) J Anim Ecol, 47, pp. 449-460Machado, G., Oliveira, P.S., Reproductive biology of the neotropical harvestman Goniosoma longipes (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae): Mating and oviposition behavior, brood mortality, and parental care (1998) J Zool, 246, pp. 359-367Machado, G., Raimundo, R.L.G., Oliveira, P.S., Daily activity schedule, gregariousness, and defensive behavior in the Neotropical harvestman Goniosoma longipes (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (2000) J Nat Hist, 34, pp. 587-596Martens, J., Feinstruktur der tarsal-drüse von siro duricorius (Joseph) (Opiliones: Sironidae) (1979) Zoomorphology, 92, pp. 77-93Martens, J., Schawaller, W., Die cheliceren-drüsen der weberknechte nach rasteroptischen und lichtoptischen befunden (Arachnida: Opiliones) (1977) Zoomorphology, 86, pp. 223-250Meinwald, J., Kluge, A.F., Carrel, J.E., Eisner, T., Acyclic ketones in the defensive secretion of a daddy longlegs (Leiobunum vittatum) (Arachnida: Opiliones) (1971) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 68, pp. 1467-1468Noguchi, S., Mori, N., Kurosa, K., Kuwahara, Y., Chemical ecology of astigmatid mites. XLIX. β-Acaridial (2(E)-(4-methyl-3-pentenylidene)-butanedial), the alarm pheromone of Tyrophagus longior Gervais (Acarina: Acaridae) (1998) Appl Entomol Zool, 33, pp. 53-57Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Invertebrados cavernícolas da porção meridional da província espeleológica do Vale do Ribeira, Sul do Brasil (1993) Rev Bras Zool, 10, pp. 229-255Shultz, J.W., Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida (1990) Cladistics, 6, pp. 1-38Treherne, J.E., Foster, W.A., Group transmission of predator avoidance behavior in a marine insect: The Trafalgar effect (1981) Anim Behav, 29, pp. 911-917Vulinec, K., Collective security: Aggregation by insects as a defense (1990) Insect defenses: adaptative mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators, pp. 251-288. , Evans DL, Schmidt JO (eds). State University of New York, AlbanyWagner, H.O., Massenansammlungen von weberknechten in Mexico (1954) Z Tierpsychol, 11, pp. 348-352Whitman, D.W., Blum, M.S., Alsop, D.W., Allomones: Chemicals for defense (1994) Insect defenses: adaptative mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators, pp. 289-351. , Evans DL, Schmidt JO (eds). State University of New York, AlbanyWilson, E.O., Regnier, F.E., The evolution of the alarm-defense system in the formicine ants (1971) Am Nat, 105, pp. 279-28

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  • Specific richness in a haverstman taxocenosis (Arachnida) at Lima locality, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
    2021
    Co-Authors: Guerrero, Elián Leandro
    Abstract:

    Se presenta una asociación de Opiliones (Arachnida) hallada en la localidad de Lima, partido de Zárate, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se analizan sus relaciones con la fisonomía del área de estudio desde el punto de vista biogeográfico y ecológico.An association of opilions (Arachnida) found in the locality of Lima, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, is presented. Their relationships with the fisonomy of the study area are analyzed from a biogeographical and ecological point of view.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

  • La costa de los Opiliones
    2020
    Co-Authors: Guerrero, Elián Leandro
    Abstract:

    La costa del partido de Berazategui, provincia de Buenos Aires, resguarda una rica fauna de Opiliones. Estos arácnidos, rústicos en su forma y huraños en su comportamiento, encuentran en los bosques y pajonales del Río de la Plata todos los recursos que necesitan: comida, humedad y refugio. Este relato que forma parte de una serie de viajes de campo, pretende valorar el área costera del partido de Berazategui por su diversidad, describiendo las comunidades de Opiliones que ocupan cada fisonomía presente en el área.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

  • New record of Parampheres bimaculatus (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Guerrero, Elián Leandro
    Abstract:

    En esta nota se presenta el registro del opilión Parampheres bimaculatus, una especie de las Pampas de Brasil y Uruguay, en la localidad Salto Grande, sobre el río Uruguay. Los registros publicados más cercanos a esta localidad provienen del norte de Uruguay, a unos 180 kilómetros de distancia en línea recta de la misma. Se incluyen comentarios breves sobre las diferencias faunísticas entre ambos márgenes del río Uruguay y acerca de los cambios ambientales del sitio de colecta. Si los datos de etiqueta son correctos, este se trata del primer registro de la especie de la República Argentina, aunque se discute la posibilidad de que exista un error de rotulado.In this note, the first record in Argentina of the harvestman Parampheres bimaculatus, a species from the Pampas of Brazil and Uruguay, is presented. The nearest known records come from north Uruguay, 180 km away in a straight line from Salto Grande. Some brief commentaries about the faunistic differences between both sides of the Uruguay River and the environmental changes of the collecting site are included. If the label data are correct, this is the first record of the species from Argentina, although the possibility of a labeling error is discussed.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

  • Notes on the predation of haverstmen and scorpions by Athene cunicularia (Aves, Strigidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Guerrero, Elián Leandro, Lucero, Rubén Francisco, Agnolín, Federico Lisandro, Lucero, Sergio Omar, Chimento Ortiz, Nicolás Roberto
    Abstract:

    La Lechucita de las Vizcacheras, Athene cunicularia (Strigidae) se alimenta de un amplio espectro de presas, entre los cuales los artrópodos forman un importante ítem alimentario. Con el objetivo de conocer los Opiliones y escorpiones que sirven de presa para esta ave se realizó un análisis de los arácnidos contenidos en sus egagrópilas en la localidad de Cabañas Mar Dulce, partido de Magdalena, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se describieron los restos y compararon con la fauna conocida de los alrededores. Esto resultó en la identificación de un escorpión de la familia Bothriuridae (Bothriurus bonariensis) y un opilión de la familia Gonyleptidae (Acanthopachylus aculeatus). Se destaca que mediante la observación de caracteres relativamente sencillos de estudiar,como la tricobotriotaxia de los escorpiones o la espinación dorsal de los Opiliones, y la comparación con los demás componentes de la fauna local de dichos grupos, se puede llegar a determinar a nivel genérico o específico muchos restos. En general, por su naturaleza fragmentaria, los restos de artrópodos son de muy difícil asignación taxonómica. Por ello las especies de insectos, arácnidos o crustáceos no son usualmente utilizadas para conocer la abundancia estacional de presas consumida por las aves rapaces, análisis biogeográficos ni como indicadores de calidad ambiental regional. Sin embargo se aportan datos que sugieren que es posible utilizarlos con estos fines.The “Burrowing Owl” Athene cunicularia (Strigidae) feeds on a wide range of prey, in which arthropods constitute an important food item. With the objective of knowing the Opiliones and Scorpiones that serve as prey for this bird, an analysis of the arachnids contained in their owl pellets in the locality of Cabañas Mar Dulce, Magdalena municipality, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina was performed. The remains were described and compared to the known fauna of the surroundings. This resulted in the recognition of a scorpion of the family Bothriuridae (Bothriurus bonariensis) and a harvestman of the family Gonyleptidae (Acanthopachylus aculeatus). We would like to point out that by observing relatively simple characters to study, such as trichobotrial pattern of scorpions or dorsal spination of harvestmen, and comparison with the other components of the local fauna of these groups, it can be determined at the generic or specific level many remains. Generally, because of their fragmentary nature, arthropod remains are very difficult to identify taxonomically. Therefore insect, arachnid or crustacean species are not usually used to study the seasonal abundance of items consumed by birds of prey, biogeographic analysis or as indicators of regional environmental quality. However we provide data supporting that it is possible to use them for these purposes.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

  • Opiliones (Arachnida) from the Santa Catalina historical reserve (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and their biogeographic implications
    2019
    Co-Authors: Guerrero, Elián Leandro
    Abstract:

    Fueron halladas dos especies de Opiliones en la Reserva Histórica de Santa Catalina (Buenos Aires, Argentina), Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg) (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae) y Discocyrtus prospicuus (Holmberg) (Laniatores, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Ambos taxones están asociados a bosques de Celtis ehrenbergiana y bosques higrófilos a lo largo de la costa del río de la Plata, por lo que pertenecen al área opiliológica Mesopotámica. La Reserva Histórica de Santa Catalina no está cerca de la costa del río, por lo cual los bosques de Santa Catalina son considerados como un refugio de una distribución histórica de los Opiliones mesopotámicos, siendo una extensión o digitación de su distribución natural siguiendo el sistema hidrológico del río Matanza-Riachuelo. En adición, se ofrecen datos sobre la historia natural de ambas especies.Two species of Opiliones have been found in the Santa Catalina Historical Reserve (Buenos Aires, Argentina), Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg) (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae) and Discocyrtus prospicuus (Holmberg) (Laniatores, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae). Both species are associated with Celtis ehrenbergiana woods and hygrophilous woods along all the coast of the La Plata river, so they belong to the Mesopotamic opiliological area. The Historic Reserve of Santa Catalina is not near the river coast, and because of this the Santa Catalina forests is considered as a refuge of an historical distribution of the mesopotamic Opiliones, being an extension or fingering of their natural distribution following the Matanza-Riachuelo rivers hydrological system. In addition, data about the natural history of both species is offered.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale