The Experts below are selected from a list of 214071 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Poul Erik Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fluoride and Oral Health
Community Dental Health, 2016Co-Authors: D Omullane, Poul Erik Petersen, R J Baez, Sheila P Jones, M A Lennon, A J Rugggunn, Helen Whelton, Gary M WhitfordAbstract:The discovery during the first half of the 20th century of the link between natural fluoride, adjusted fluoride levels in drinking water and reduced dental caries prevalence proved to be a stimulus for worldwide on-going research into the role of fluoride in improving Oral Health. Epidemiological studies of fluoridation programmes have confirmed their safety and their effectiveness in controlling dental caries. Major advances in our knowledge of how fluoride impacts the caries process have led to the development, assessment of effectiveness and promotion of other fluoride vehicles including salt, milk, tablets, toothpaste, gels and varnishes. In 1993, the World Health Organization convened an Expert Committee to provide authoritative information on the role of fluorides in the promotion of Oral Health throughout the world (WHO TRS 846, 1994). This present publication is a revision of the original 1994 document, again using the expertise of researchers from the extensive fields of knowledge required to successfully implement complex interventions such as the use of fluorides to improve dental and Oral Health. Financial support for research into the development of these new fluoride strategies has come from many sources including government Health departments as well as international and national grant agencies. In addition, the unique role which industry has played in the development, formulation, assessment of effectiveness and promotion of the various fluoride vehicles and strategies is noteworthy. This updated version of 'Fluoride and Oral Health' has adopted an evidence-based approach to its commentary on the different fluoride vehicles and strategies and also to its recommendations. In this regard, full account is taken of the many recent systematic reviews published in peer reviewed literature.
-
global Oral Health inequalities task group implementation and delivery of Oral Health strategies
Advances in Dental Research, 2011Co-Authors: Aubrey Sheiham, Poul Erik Petersen, David C Alexander, L Cohen, Valeria Cc Marinho, Samuel Jorge Moyses, J Spencer, Richard G Watt, Robert J WeyantAbstract:This paper reviews the shortcomings of present approaches to reduce Oral diseases and inequalities, details the importance of social determinants, and links that to research needs and policies on implementation of strategies to reduce Oral Health inequalities. Inequalities in Health are not narrowing. Attention is therefore being directed at determinants of major Health conditions and the extent to which those common determinants vary within, between, and among groups, because if inequalities in Health vary across groups, then so must underlying causes. Tackling inequalities in Health requires strategies tailored to determinants and needs of each group along the social gradient. Approaches focusing mainly on downstream lifestyle and behaviOral factors have limited success in reducing Health inequalities. They fail to address social determinants, for changing people's behaviors requires changing their environment. There is a dearth of Oral Health research on social determinants that cause Health-compromising behaviors and on risk factors common to some chronic diseases. The gap between what is known and implemented by other Health disciplines and the dental fraternity needs addressing. To re-orient Oral Health research, practice, and policy toward a 'social determinants' model, a closer collaboration between and integration of dental and general Health research is needed. Here, we suggest a research agenda that should lead to reductions in global inequalities in Oral Health.
-
global Oral Health of older people call for public Health action
Community Dental Health, 2010Co-Authors: Poul Erik Petersen, Daniel Kandelman, S Arpin, Hiroshi OgawaAbstract:Background The aim of this report is (1) to provide a global overview of Oral Health conditions in older people, use of Oral Health services, and self care practices; (2) to explore what types of Oral Health services are available to older people, and (3) to identify some major barriers to and opportunities for the establishment of Oral Health services and Health promotion programmes. Methods A postal questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was distributed worldwide to the Chief Dental Officers or country Oral Health focal points at ministries of Health. WHO received 46 questionnaires from countries (39% response rate). In addition, systematic data were collected from the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank and the World Health Survey in order to include Oral Health information on the remaining countries. In total, the data base covers 136 out 193 countries, i.e., 71% of all WHO Member States. Results Dental caries and periodontal disease comprise a considerable public Health problem in the majority of countries. Significant disparities within and between regions are observed in epidemiologic indicators of Oral disease. The prevalence rates of tooth loss and experience of Oral problems vary substantially by WHO Region and national income. Experience of Oral problems among older people is high in low income countries; meanwhile, access to Health care is poor, in particular in rural areas. Although tooth brushing is the most popular Oral hygiene practice across the world, regular tooth brushing appears less common among older people than the population at large. In particular, this practice is less frequent in low income countries; in contrast, traditional Oral self-care is prevalent in several countries of Africa and Asia. While fluoridated toothpaste is widely used in developed countries, it is extremely infrequent in most developing countries. Oral Health services are available in developed countries; however, the use of such services is low among the older people. Lack of financial support from government and/or lack of third party payment systems render Oral Health services unaffordable to them. According to the country reports, Health promotion programmes targeting older people are rare and this reflects the lack of Oral Health policies. Although some countries have introduced Oral Health promotion initiatives, worldwide there are few population-oriented preventive or curative activities currently implemented that focus specifically on the elderly. Barriers to the organization of such programmes relate to weak national Health policy, lack of economic resources, the impact of poor Oral Health, and lack of tradition in Oral Health. Opportunities for Oral Health programmes for old-age people are related to updated information on the burden of Oral disease and need for care, fair financing of age-friendly primary Health care, integration of Oral Health into national Health programmes, availability of Oral Health services, and ancillary personnel. Conclusion It is highly recommended that countries establish Oral Health programmes to meet the needs of the elderly. Relevant and measurable goals must be defined to direct the selection of suitable interventions to improve their Oral Health. The common risk factors approach must be applied in public Health interventions for disease prevention. The integration of Oral Health into national general Health programmes may be effective to improve the Oral Health status and quality of life of this population group.
-
global policy for improvement of Oral Health in the 21st century implications to Oral Health research of world Health assembly 2007 world Health organization
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2009Co-Authors: Poul Erik PetersenAbstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Oral Health Programme has worked hard over the past 5 years to increase the awareness of Oral Health worldwide as Oral Health is important component of general Health and quality of life. Meanwhile, Oral disease is still a major public Health problem in high income countries and the burden of Oral disease is growing in many low- and middle income countries. In the World Oral Health Report 2003, the WHO Global Oral Health Programme formulated the policies and necessary actions to the continuous improvement of Oral Health. The strategy is that Oral disease prevention and the promotion of Oral Health needs to be integrated with chronic disease prevention and general Health promotion as the risks to Health are linked. The World Health Assembly (WHA) and the Executive Board (EB) are supreme governance bodies of WHO and for the first time in 25 years Oral Health was subject to discussion by those bodies in 2007. At the EB120 and WHA60, the Member States agreed on an action plan for Oral Health and integrated disease prevention, thereby confirming the approach of the Oral Health Programme. The policy forms the basis for future development or adjustment of Oral Health programmes at national level. Clinical and public Health research has shown that a number of individual, professional and community preventive measures are effective in preventing most Oral diseases. However, advances in Oral Health science have not yet benefited the poor and disadvantaged populations worldwide. The major challenges of the future will be to translate knowledge and experiences in Oral disease prevention and Health promotion into action programmes. The WHO Global Oral Health Programme invites the international Oral Health research community to engage further in research capacity building in developing countries, and in strengthening the work so that research is recognized as the foundation of Oral heath policy at global level.
-
Oral Health, general Health, and quality of life in older people
Special Care in Dentistry, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel Kandelman, Poul Erik Petersen, Hiroshi UedaAbstract:The purpose of this report is to review the interrelationship between poor Oral Health conditions of older people and general Health. The impact of poor Oral Health on quality of life (QOL) is analyzed, and the implications for public Health intervention and Oral Health care are discussed. Findings from the current research may lead to the following conclusions: The available scientific evidence is particularly strong for a direct relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease; the direct relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is less convincing. General and associated Oral Health conditions have a direct influence on elder people's QOL and lifestyle. The growing number of elderly people challenges Health authorities in most countries. The evidence on Oral Health-general Health relationships is particularly important to WHO in its effort to strengthen integrated Oral Health promotion and disease prevention around the globe.
William F Vann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the relationship of Oral Health literacy and self efficacy with Oral Health status and dental neglect
American Journal of Public Health, 2012Co-Authors: Kimon Divaris, Gary R Rozier, Diane A Baker, William F VannAbstract:Objectives. We examined the associations of Oral Health literacy (OHL) with Oral Health status (OHS) and dental neglect (DN), and we explored whether self-efficacy mediated or modified these associations.Methods. We used interview data collected from 1280 female clients of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children from 2007 to 2009 as part of the Carolina Oral Health Literacy Project. We measured OHL with a validated word recognition test (REALD-30), and we measured OHS with the self-reported National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey item. Analyses used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods.Results. Less than one third of participants rated their OHS as very good or excellent. Higher OHL was associated with better OHS (for a 10-unit REALD increase: multivariate prevalence ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 1.54). OHL was not correlated with DN, but self-efficacy showed a strong negative correlation with DN. Self-efficacy remained significantly ...
-
the relationship of Oral Health literacy with Oral Health related quality of life in a multi racial sample of low income female caregivers
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2011Co-Authors: Kimon Divaris, Jessica Y Lee, Diane A Baker, William F VannAbstract:Background To investigate the association between Oral Health literacy (OHL) and Oral Health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and explore the racial differences therein among a low-income community-based group of female WIC participants.
-
impact of caregiver literacy on children s Oral Health outcomes
Pediatrics, 2010Co-Authors: Elizabeth P Miller, Jessica Y Lee, Darren A Dewalt, William F VannAbstract:The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of primary caregivers' literacy with children's Oral Health outcomes. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of children who were aged 6 years and presented for an initial dental appointment in the teaching clinics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry. Caregiver literacy was measured using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30). The outcome measures in- cluded Oral Health knowledge, Oral Health behaviors, primary caregiv- er's reports of their child's Oral Health status, and the clinical Oral Health status of the child as determined by a clinical examination com- pleted by trained, calibrated examiners. RESULTS: Among the 106 caregiver- child dyads enrolled, 59% of the children were male, 52% were white, and 86% of caregivers were the biological mothers. The bivariate results showed no significant rela- tionships between literacy and Oral Health knowledge (P.16) and behaviors (P.24); however, there was an association between liter- acy and Oral Health status (P.05). The multivariate analysis con- trolled for race and income; this analysis revealed a significant rela- tionship between caregiver literacy scores and clinical Oral Health status as determined by using a standardized clinical examination. Caregivers of children with mild to moderate treatment needs were more likely to have higher REALD-30 scores than those with severe treatment needs (odds ratio: 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.25); P.003). CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver literacy is significantly associated with chil- dren's dental disease status. Pediatrics 2010;126:107-114
Elham Emami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rural urban disparity in Oral Health related quality of life
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amal Gaber, Chantal Galarneau, Jocelyne S Feine, Elham EmamiAbstract:Objectives The objective of this population-based cross-sectional study was to estimate rural-urban disparity in the Oral Health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the Quebec adult population. Methods A 2-stage sampling design was used to collect data from the 1788 parents/caregivers of schoolchildren living in the 8 regions of the province of Quebec in Canada. Andersen's behavioural model for Health services utilization was used as a conceptual framework. Place of residency was defined according to the Statistics Canada Census Metropolitan Area and Census Agglomeration Influenced Zone classification. The outcome of interest was OHRQoL measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 validated questionnaire. Data weighting was applied, and the prevalence, extent and severity of negative Oral Health impacts were calculated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression. Results The prevalence of poor Oral Health-related quality life (OHRQoL) was statistically higher in rural areas than in urban zones (P = .02). Rural residents reported a significantly higher prevalence of negative daily-life impacts in pain, psychological discomfort and social disability OHIP domains (P < .05). Additionally, the rural population showed a greater number of negative Oral Health impacts (P = .03). There was no significant rural-urban difference in the severity of poor Oral Health. Logistic regression indicated that the prevalence of poor OHRQoL was significantly related to place of residency (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.5; P = .022), perceived Oral Health (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 5.7-15.5; P < .001), dental treatment needs factors (perceived need for dental treatment, pain, dental care seeking) (OR = 8.7; 95% CI = 4.8-15.6; P < .001) and education (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.8-3.9; P < .001). Conclusion The results of this study suggest a potential difference in OHRQoL of Quebec rural and urban populations, and a need to develop strategies to promote Oral Health outcomes, specifically for rural residents. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Hiroshi Ogawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
global Oral Health of older people call for public Health action
Community Dental Health, 2010Co-Authors: Poul Erik Petersen, Daniel Kandelman, S Arpin, Hiroshi OgawaAbstract:Background The aim of this report is (1) to provide a global overview of Oral Health conditions in older people, use of Oral Health services, and self care practices; (2) to explore what types of Oral Health services are available to older people, and (3) to identify some major barriers to and opportunities for the establishment of Oral Health services and Health promotion programmes. Methods A postal questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was distributed worldwide to the Chief Dental Officers or country Oral Health focal points at ministries of Health. WHO received 46 questionnaires from countries (39% response rate). In addition, systematic data were collected from the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank and the World Health Survey in order to include Oral Health information on the remaining countries. In total, the data base covers 136 out 193 countries, i.e., 71% of all WHO Member States. Results Dental caries and periodontal disease comprise a considerable public Health problem in the majority of countries. Significant disparities within and between regions are observed in epidemiologic indicators of Oral disease. The prevalence rates of tooth loss and experience of Oral problems vary substantially by WHO Region and national income. Experience of Oral problems among older people is high in low income countries; meanwhile, access to Health care is poor, in particular in rural areas. Although tooth brushing is the most popular Oral hygiene practice across the world, regular tooth brushing appears less common among older people than the population at large. In particular, this practice is less frequent in low income countries; in contrast, traditional Oral self-care is prevalent in several countries of Africa and Asia. While fluoridated toothpaste is widely used in developed countries, it is extremely infrequent in most developing countries. Oral Health services are available in developed countries; however, the use of such services is low among the older people. Lack of financial support from government and/or lack of third party payment systems render Oral Health services unaffordable to them. According to the country reports, Health promotion programmes targeting older people are rare and this reflects the lack of Oral Health policies. Although some countries have introduced Oral Health promotion initiatives, worldwide there are few population-oriented preventive or curative activities currently implemented that focus specifically on the elderly. Barriers to the organization of such programmes relate to weak national Health policy, lack of economic resources, the impact of poor Oral Health, and lack of tradition in Oral Health. Opportunities for Oral Health programmes for old-age people are related to updated information on the burden of Oral disease and need for care, fair financing of age-friendly primary Health care, integration of Oral Health into national Health programmes, availability of Oral Health services, and ancillary personnel. Conclusion It is highly recommended that countries establish Oral Health programmes to meet the needs of the elderly. Relevant and measurable goals must be defined to direct the selection of suitable interventions to improve their Oral Health. The common risk factors approach must be applied in public Health interventions for disease prevention. The integration of Oral Health into national general Health programmes may be effective to improve the Oral Health status and quality of life of this population group.
-
The global burden of Oral diseases and risks to Oral Health
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2005Co-Authors: Poul Erik Petersen, D. Bourgeois, Hiroshi Ogawa, Saskia Estupinan-day, Charlotte NdiayeAbstract:This paper outlines the burden of Oral diseases worldwide and describes the influence of major sociobehavioural risk factors in Oral Health. Despite great improvements in the Oral Health of populations in several countries, global problems still persist. The burden of Oral disease is particularly high for the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries. Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, Oral mucosal lesions and oropharyngeal cancers, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related Oral disease and orodental trauma are major public Health problems worldwide and poor Oral Health has a profound effect on general Health and quality of life. The diversity in Oral disease patterns and development trends across countries and regions reflects distinct risk profiles and the establishment of preventive Oral Health care programmes. The important role of sociobehavioural and environmental factors in Oral Health and disease has been shown in a large number of socioepidemiological surveys. In addition to poor living conditions, the major risk factors relate to unHealthy lifestyles (i.e. poor diet, nutrition and Oral hygiene and use of tobacco and alcohol), and limited availability and accessibility of Oral Health services. Several Oral diseases are linked to noncommunicable chronic diseases primarily because of common risk factors. Moreover, general diseases often have Oral manifestations (e.g. diabetes or HIV/AIDS). Worldwide strengthening of public Health programmes through the implementation of effective measures for the prevention of Oral disease and promotion of Oral Health is urgently needed. The challenges of improving Oral Health are particularly great in developing countries.
-
Oral Health information systems towards measuring progress in Oral Health promotion and disease prevention
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2005Co-Authors: Poul Erik Petersen, D. Bourgeois, Douglas Bratthall, Hiroshi OgawaAbstract:This article describes the essential components of Oral Health information systems for the analysis of trends in Oral disease and the evaluation of Oral Health programmes at the country, regional and global levels. Standard methodology for the collection of epidemiological data on Oral Health has been designed by WHO and used by countries worldwide for the surveillance of Oral disease and Health. Global, regional and national Oral Health databanks have highlighted the changing patterns of Oral disease which primarily reflect changing risk profiles and the implementation of Oral Health programmes oriented towards disease prevention and Health promotion. The WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile Programme (CAPP) provides data on Oral Health from countries, as well as programme experiences and ideas targeted to Oral Health professionals, policy-makers, Health planners, researchers and the general public. WHO has developed global and regional Oral Health databanks for surveillance, and international projects have designed Oral Health indicators for use in Oral Health information systems for assessing the quality of Oral Health care and surveillance systems. Modern Oral Health information systems are being developed within the framework of the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable, chronic disease, and data stored in the WHO Global InfoBase may allow advanced Health systems research. Sound knowledge about progress made in prevention of Oral and chronic disease and in Health promotion may assist countries to implement effective public Health programmes to the benefit of the poor and disadvantaged population groups worldwide.
Chee L Khoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oral Health knowledge attitudes and care practices of people with diabetes a systematic review
BMC Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Prakash Poudel, Rhonda Griffiths, Vincent W Wong, Amit Arora, Jeff R Flack, Chee L KhooAbstract:People with uncontrolled diabetes are at greater risk for several Oral Health problems, particularly periodontal (gum) disease. Periodontal disease also impacts diabetes control. Good Oral hygiene and regular dental visits are recommended to prevent and manage Oral Health problems. Several studies have been conducted to assess the Oral Health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with diabetes yet a review of these findings has not yet been undertaken. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of people with diabetes in relation to their Oral Health care. A systematic search of all literature was carried out in five databases using key search terms. The inclusion criteria were: 1) published in the English language; 2) from 2000 to November, 2017; 3) conducted on persons with any type of diabetes and of all ages; 4) explored at least one study outcome (knowledge or attitude or practices toward Oral Health care); and 5) used quantitative methods of data collection. No restrictions were placed on the quality and setting of the study. A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included a total of 27,894 people with diabetes and were conducted in 14 countries. The review found that people with diabetes have inadequate Oral Health knowledge, poor Oral Health attitudes, and fewer dental visits. They rarely receive Oral Health education and dental referrals from their care providers. Provision of Oral Health education by diabetes care providers and referral to dentists when required, was associated with improved Oral Health behaviours among patients. Overall, people with diabetes have limited Oral Health knowledge and poor Oral Health behaviours. It is therefore essential to educate patients about their increased risk for Oral Health problems, motivate them for good Oral Health behaviours and facilitate access to dental care.
