The Experts below are selected from a list of 13584 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leo Beletsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
re proposed ordinance no ns xxx amending the santa ana municipal code health and sanitation prohibiting syringe exchange programs in the city of santa ana
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Leo Beletsky, Amy Judd Lieberman, Corey S Davis, Rafik Nader WahbiAbstract:The continuing crisis of opioid-related harm poses a threat to the health and lives of thousands of individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). To ensure that these risks are mitigated in Santa Ana, we urge the Santa Ana City Council to reject the proposed ordinance adding article XV Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) to chapter 18 of the Santa Ana Municipal code. The primary concern of the City Council relates to discarded syringes in the community. We share this concern. The solution, however, is not to ban SEPs; rather, the City should draw on best available evidence to address this community challenge, including the deployment of syringe services in a way that have helped other jurisdictions effectively reduce syringe litter. This proposed ordinance would aggravate the very problem it is purporting to solve. Further, the proposed ordinance is not just bad public health policy; it may also be bad law. Should the City Council move forward with this ordinance, it might expose Santa Ana taxpayers to litigation on several fronts, including claims for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (RA), and the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. In recent years, courts have struck down numerous local ordinances targeting SUD treatment facilities and their clients as discriminatory under the ADA and the RA; similar analysis is applicable to syringe exchange programs.
Micah L Berman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
clean indoor air ordinance coverage in the appalachian region of the united states
American Journal of Public Health, 2010Co-Authors: Amy K Ferketich, Alex C Liber, Michael L Pennell, Darren Nealy, Jana Hammer, Micah L BermanAbstract:Objectives. We sought to quantitatively examine the pattern of, and socioeconomic factors associated with, adoption of clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachia.Methods. We collected and reviewed clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachian communities in 6 states and rated the ordinances for completeness of coverage in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. Additionally, we computed a strength score to measure coverage in 7 locations. We fit mixed-effects models to determine whether the presence of a comprehensive ordinance and the ordinance strength were related to community socioeconomic disadvantage.Results. Of the 332 communities included in the analysis, fewer than 20% had adopted a comprehensive workplace, restaurant, or bar ordinance. Most ordinances were weak, achieving on average only 43% of the total possible points. Communities with a higher unemployment rate were less likely and those with a higher education level were more likely to have a strong ordinance.Conclusions. The majority of residents in...
Stephen D Billings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
practical strategies for classification of unexploded Ordnance
Geophysics, 2013Co-Authors: Laurens Beran, Stephen D Billings, Nicolas Lhomme, B C Zelt, Leonard R Pasion, Kevin Kingdon, Linping Song, D W OldenburgAbstract:ABSTRACTWe have developed practical strategies for discriminating between buried unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and metallic clutter. These methods are applicable to time-domain electromagnetic data acquired with multistatic, multicomponent sensors designed for UXO classification. Each detected target is characterized by dipole polarizabilities estimated via inversion of the observed sensor data. The polarizabilities are intrinsic target features and so are used to distinguish between UXO and clutter. We tested this processing with four data sets from recent field demonstrations, with each data set characterized by metrics of data and model quality. We then developed techniques for building a representative training data set and determined how the variable quality of estimated features affects overall classification performance. Finally, we devised a technique to optimize classification performance by adapting features during target prioritization.
-
field measurements of induced and remanent moments of unexploded Ordnance and shrapnel
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2009Co-Authors: Stephen D BillingsAbstract:Magnetometry is a widely used technique for clearance of areas contaminated with unexploded Ordnance. The discrimination of hazardous Ordnance from nonhazardous items is possible using apparent remanence if Ordnance is shock demagnetized on impact with the ground. We developed a mobile device, the Magnetic Remanence Interrogation Platform (MRIP), for measuring the induced and remanent moments of steel samples. The MRIP comprises six three-component fluxgate magnetometers symmetrically distributed around a rotating sample holder. Samples are placed on the holder and are slowly spun through two complete rotations. The measurement is repeated after the sample is physically rotated by 90deg so that the previous up direction points east. The MRIP platform was deployed to two field sites. At the first site, 76- and 90-mm projectiles were measured. Most had relatively low remanent magnetization relative to the induced, suggesting that shock demagnetization occurs. Variations in the remanent moments of different specimens of 90-mm projectiles were attributed to variations in the type of steel used. There was a strong correlation of the direction of remanent and inducing field during burial, indicating evidence of shock magnetization and/or magnetic viscosity. At the second site, intact and partial 4.2-in mortars as well as shrapnel, base plates, and cultural debris were measured. Most of the base plates and intact mortars had low remanent magnetization, whereas the shrapnel and partial mortars tended to have higher remanent magnetization. The results indicate that there is an inherent risk in using apparent remanence for discrimination as not all Ordnance is demagnetized on impact.
-
magnetic models of unexploded Ordnance
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006Co-Authors: Stephen D Billings, C Pasion, S Walker, L BeranAbstract:Magnetometry is widely used for the characterization of areas contaminated by unexploded Ordnance (UXO). To successfully discriminate hazardous UXO from nonhazardous clutter requires accurate models of the Ordnance response. This paper develops an Ordnance library with 15 different items using total-field magnetic data collected over a test stand. The induced and remanent magnetizations were obtained by varying the three-dimensional orientation of each item and measuring the magnetic field on a horizontal plane in the dipolar regime. Replicate measurements using multiple specimens of the same Ordnance returned very similar induced magnetizations. The fitted moments were used to estimate the detection depths for different sensor noise floors. A prolate spheroid with a 3.5 aspect ratio was used to provide a good approximation to the detection depths for many of the Ordnance items. Assuming a 1-nT noise floor, these orientation-dependent detection depths ranged from 10 to 17 times of the object's diameter
-
discrimination and classification of buried unexploded Ordnance using magnetometry
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: Stephen D BillingsAbstract:Magnetic surveys are quite successful at locating buried steel objects, including unexploded Ordnance (UXO). However, many of the anomalies apparent in a magnetic image of a contaminated area are from metallic debris, shrapnel, and geological variations in ferromagnetic concentration. Observations are usually made in the far-field of the object so that, in most cases, we can only recover the dipole moment of a buried item. Due to self-demagnetization effects, the magnitude and direction of induced magnetism varies significantly with Ordnance orientation. This results in an infinite number of Ordnance-like objects that can reproduce a given dipole moment. To discriminate, we define a library of Ordnance items expected to occur in the area and find how closely each recovered moment matches one of the UXOs in this library. We define the size of this mismatch as the remanent magnetization and produce a prioritized dig-list on the assumption that items with lower remanence are more likely to be UXO. Such a ranking scheme proves to be very effective when implemented at two sites in Montana. The analysis reveals that live-site and emplaced UXO have significantly different remanence and implies that previous tests of magnetic discrimination performance on seeded sites have been overly pessimistic.
Stanton A Glantz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the duluth clean indoor air ordinance problems and success in fighting the tobacco industry at the local level in the 21st century
American Journal of Public Health, 2003Co-Authors: T H Tsoukalas, Stanton A GlantzAbstract:Case study methodology was used to investigate the tobacco industry's strategies to fight local tobacco control efforts in Duluth, Minn. The industry opposed the clean indoor air ordinance indirectly through allies and front groups and directly in a referendum. Health groups failed to win a strong ordinance because they framed it as a youth issue rather than a workplace issue and failed to engage the industry's economic claims. Opponents' overexploitation of weaknesses in the ordinance allowed health advocates to construct a stronger version. Health advocates should assume that the tobacco industry will oppose all local tobacco control measures indirectly, directly, or both. Clean indoor air ordinances should be framed as workplace safety issues.
Amy K Ferketich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
clean indoor air ordinance coverage in the appalachian region of the united states
American Journal of Public Health, 2010Co-Authors: Amy K Ferketich, Alex C Liber, Michael L Pennell, Darren Nealy, Jana Hammer, Micah L BermanAbstract:Objectives. We sought to quantitatively examine the pattern of, and socioeconomic factors associated with, adoption of clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachia.Methods. We collected and reviewed clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachian communities in 6 states and rated the ordinances for completeness of coverage in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. Additionally, we computed a strength score to measure coverage in 7 locations. We fit mixed-effects models to determine whether the presence of a comprehensive ordinance and the ordinance strength were related to community socioeconomic disadvantage.Results. Of the 332 communities included in the analysis, fewer than 20% had adopted a comprehensive workplace, restaurant, or bar ordinance. Most ordinances were weak, achieving on average only 43% of the total possible points. Communities with a higher unemployment rate were less likely and those with a higher education level were more likely to have a strong ordinance.Conclusions. The majority of residents in...