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David W Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organochlorine Compounds pose health risks to the qinling giant panda ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis
Environmental Pollution, 2021Co-Authors: Yan Zhao, Yiping Chen, David W MacdonaldAbstract:To assess Organochlorine Compound (OC) contamination, its possible sources, and adverse health impacts on giant pandas, we collected soil, bamboo, and panda fecal samples from the habitat and research center of the Qinling panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis)-the rarest recognized panda subspecies. The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations were comparatively low which suggests that moderate sources of OC pollution currently. OC levels were lower in samples from nature reserve than in those collected from pandas held in captivity, and OC levels within the reserve increased between functional areas in the order: core, buffer and experimental. The distribution patterns, and correlation analyses, combined with congener distributions suggested PCBs and OCPs originated from similar sources, were dispersed by similar processes, being transported through atmosphere and characterized by historical residues. Backward trajectory analyses results, and detected DRINs (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and isodrin) both suggest long-range atmospheric transport of pollution source. PCBs pose potential cancer risk, and PCB 126 was the most notable toxicant as assessed be the high carcinogenic risk index. We provide data for health risk assessment that can guide the identification of priority congeners, and recommend a long-term monitoring plan. This study proposes an approach to ecotoxicological threats whereby giant pandas may be used as sentinel species for other threatened or endangered mammals. By highlighting the risks of long-distance transmission of pollutants, the study emphasizes the importance of transboundary cooperation to safeguard biodiversity.
Wim De Coen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non destructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus iv hair versus soil analysis in exposure and risk assessment of Organochlorine Compounds
Environmental Pollution, 2007Co-Authors: Helga Dhave, Jan Scheirs, Adrian Covaci, Ron Verhagen, Nico W Van Den Brink, Wim De CoenAbstract:Few ecotoxicological studies on mammals use non-destructive methodologies, despite the growing ethical concern over the use of destructive sampling methods. In the present study we assessed exposure of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), by investigating concentrations of these Compounds in soils and hedgehog hair from seven study sites around the urban area of Antwerp, Belgium. No relationships were observed between Organochlorine Compound concentrations in soils and hair from the different study areas. Furthermore, the individual variation of contamination levels in hair within study sites was high, especially for HCHs and HCB, and hair and soil had different relative profiles for PCBs, DDTs and HCHs. Our results show that concentrations of Organochlorine Compounds in soils alone are not predictive of the risk of these pollutants to hedgehogs and that tissue analyses are preferred to soil analyses in exposure and risk assessment studies.
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nondestructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus iii hair as an indicator of endogenous Organochlorine Compound concentrations
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Helga Dhave, Jan Scheirs, Adrian Covaci, Paul Schepens, Ron Verhagen, Wim De CoenAbstract:Concentrations of Organochlorine persistent pollutants were investigated in tissues of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Road kills and carcasses from wildlife rescue centers were used to characterize Organochlorine Compound tissue distribution and tissue profile dissimilarities (hair, liver, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue). The most important contaminants were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes (CHLs), and DDTs, with median concentrations of 75, 5.1, and 1.4 ng/g liver wet weight, respectively. Median levels for the remaining Compounds-hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and octachlorostyrene-were less than 0.5 ng/g liver wet weight. Compared to results with other mammalian wildlife, the present results indicate that hedgehogs may accumulate considerable concentrations of Organochlorine Compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls and HCB preferably accumulated in liver and muscle tissue. Concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were highest in muscle tissue and hair, respectively. Octachlorostyrene and CHL levels were predominant in liver. The observed positive relationships between concentrations in hair and internal tissues for PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs, and CHLs (0.49 < r < 0.91) and for several individual PCB, DDT, and CHL Compounds (0.31 < r < 0.76) indicate the usefulness of hair as a biomonitoring tool of Organochlorine Compounds. Multivariate profile analyses revealed a higher dominance of less-persistent Compounds (p,p'-DDT, alpha-HCH, and PCBs 95, 101, and 149) in hair compared to internal tissues. The present study demonstrates the suitability of hedgehog hair as a nondestructive biomonitoring tool regarding pollution with Organochlorine Compounds and the promising role of the hedgehog as a mammalian indicator species of pollution in terrestrial environments.
Marilie D Gammon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving Organochlorine biomarker models for cancer research
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005Co-Authors: Mary S Wolff, Julie A Britton, Susan L Teitelbaum, Sybil M Eng, Elena Deych, Karen Ireland, Zhisong Liu, Alfred I Neugut, Regina M Santella, Marilie D GammonAbstract:Multivariate methods were used to predict levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in plasma from characteristics that included age, diet, race, reproductive history, socioeconomic status, and reported body mass index (BMI) at several decades of life before blood collection. Measurements were available for Organochlorine Compound (Organochlorines), cholesterol, and triglycerides in plasma from 1,008 women participants in a population-based case-control study of breast cancer undertaken in 1996 to 1997 on Long Island, NY. Organochlorine Compound levels were associated with age, race, lactation history, body size characteristics, and plasma lipids. PCB predictors also included fish consumption. DDE was correlated with current BMI, BMI at every decade of age from ages 20 to 60 years, and BMI-gain (from ages 20 or 30 years to 1997). In contrast, PCBs were correlated inversely with both BMI (fifth to seventh decades of age) and BMI-gain. After adjusting for covariates, DDE and PCB were both positively associated with BMI and inversely with BMI-gain; they were lowest with low BMI, high BMI-gain, and longer lactation. This pattern is consistent with a pharmacokinetic model that predicts higher body burdens during windows of highest uptake, faster elimination of Organochlorine Compounds in leaner women, and lowered levels accompanying BMI-gain. As a result, lifetime intake for specific Organochlorine Compound may lead to different plasma levels dependent on changes in body size, absolute intensity of intake, and whether exposure is ongoing (i.e., PCB) or long discontinued (i.e., DDE).
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environmental toxins and breast cancer on long island ii Organochlorine Compound levels in blood
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2002Co-Authors: Marilie D Gammon, Mary S Wolff, Julie A Britton, Susan L Teitelbaum, Sybil M Eng, Alfred I Neugut, Mary Beth Terry, Bruce Levin, Steven D StellmanAbstract:Whether environmental contaminants increase breast cancer risk among women on Long Island, NY, is unknown. The study objective is to determine whether breast cancer risk is increased in relation to Organochlorines, Compounds with known estrogenic characteristics that were extensively used on Long Island and other areas of the United States. Recent reports do not support a strong association, although there are concerns with high risks observed in subgroups of women. Blood samples from 646 case and 429 control women from a population-based case-control study conducted on Long Island were analyzed. No substantial elevation in breast cancer risk was observed in relation to the highest quintile of lipid-adjusted serum levels of p,p'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (DDE) [odds ratio (OR), 1.20 versus lowest quintile; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-1.90], chlordane (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.62-1.55), dieldrin (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.69-2.72), the sum of the four most frequently occurring PCB congeners (nos. 118, 153, 138, and 180; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.54-1.29), and other PCB congener groupings. No dose-response relations were apparent. Nor was risk increased in relation to Organochlorines among women who had not breastfed or were overweight, postmenopausal, or long-term residents of Long Island; or with whether the case was diagnosed with invasive rather than in situ disease, or with a hormone receptor-positive tumor. These findings, based on the largest number of samples analyzed to date among primarily white women, do not support the hypothesis that Organochlorines increase breast cancer risk among Long Island women.
Yan Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organochlorine Compounds pose health risks to the qinling giant panda ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis
Environmental Pollution, 2021Co-Authors: Yan Zhao, Yiping Chen, David W MacdonaldAbstract:To assess Organochlorine Compound (OC) contamination, its possible sources, and adverse health impacts on giant pandas, we collected soil, bamboo, and panda fecal samples from the habitat and research center of the Qinling panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis)-the rarest recognized panda subspecies. The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations were comparatively low which suggests that moderate sources of OC pollution currently. OC levels were lower in samples from nature reserve than in those collected from pandas held in captivity, and OC levels within the reserve increased between functional areas in the order: core, buffer and experimental. The distribution patterns, and correlation analyses, combined with congener distributions suggested PCBs and OCPs originated from similar sources, were dispersed by similar processes, being transported through atmosphere and characterized by historical residues. Backward trajectory analyses results, and detected DRINs (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and isodrin) both suggest long-range atmospheric transport of pollution source. PCBs pose potential cancer risk, and PCB 126 was the most notable toxicant as assessed be the high carcinogenic risk index. We provide data for health risk assessment that can guide the identification of priority congeners, and recommend a long-term monitoring plan. This study proposes an approach to ecotoxicological threats whereby giant pandas may be used as sentinel species for other threatened or endangered mammals. By highlighting the risks of long-distance transmission of pollutants, the study emphasizes the importance of transboundary cooperation to safeguard biodiversity.
Joan O Grimalt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drivers of the accumulation of mercury and Organochlorine pollutants in Mediterranean lean fish and dietary significance.
The Science of the total environment, 2018Co-Authors: Eva Junqué, Mercè Garí, Rosa Maria Llull, Joan O GrimaltAbstract:An integrated assessment of lean fish of commercial value as Hg and Organochlorine Compound source into the population of the Balearic Islands were reported. Dependences between pollutant concentrations, trophic level, fish species, specimen weight and physical-chemical properties were evaluated. Hg and total DDTs showed highest variability between fish species whereas PCBs and HCB displayed more constant median values. The Organochlorine Compounds found in highest concentrations were those with highest hydrophobicity, consistently with their higher bioaccumulation potential. These pollutant concentrations were higher in Mediterranean than Atlantic fish. Higher median total DDT and PCBs concentrations were also observed in the third than the second trophic level species. The observed concentrations were below the threshold recommended by the EU for human consumption (75ng/g wet weight). The Hg concentrations were higher in Mediterranean than Atlantic fish, with average values of 1.5μg/g ww and 0.43μg/g ww, respectively. Forty-one percent of the specimens from the Mediterranean and 25% of dusky grouper specimens from the Atlantic Ocean showed Hg concentrations above the EU recommended limits for human consumption, either 0.5μg/g ww or 1μg/g ww. In the third trophic level, a significant dependence between median Hg concentrations and weight of each studied species was observed, which remained significant in specimen weight correlations. Independent species correlations of Hg concentrations vs individual weight generally showed higher concentrations at higher weight. Weight/size of the individuals was therefore an important factor for Hg accumulation but the trend was modulated by a species effect. Extrapolation of the observed Hg concentrations in Mediterranean fish to Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWIs) showed higher intakes than the thresholds recommended by EFSA for adults and children, 110% and 140%, respectively. The estimated PTWIs for MeHg corresponded to 310% and 400% of the recommended threshold values. The PTWI values for Organochlorine Compounds were lower than those recommended.
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reconstruction of Organochlorine Compound inputs in the tagus prodelta
Science of The Total Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Mario Milhomens, Joan O Grimalt, Maria Vicente, Cristina Micaelo, Fatima F AbrantesAbstract:Twenty century time-resolved variability of riverine deposits of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was studied in three 210Pb dated sediment cores collected in a depositional shelf area adjacent to the Tagus estuary (the Tagus Prodelta). The geographic and temporal distribution patterns were consistent with discharge of these Organochlorine Compounds (OCs) in the area associated with the Tagus mouth. Their concentrations were not correlated with the sedimentary total organic carbon. The PCB down-core profiles were dominated by CB138 and CB153 (hexa-CBs) congeners followed by CB180 (hepta-CBs). Principal Component Analysis of the congener distributions of these Compounds did not define temporal down-core trends. The ratios of DDT metabolites (p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT) were consistent with recent DDT inputs into the environment and/or earlier applications and long-term residence in soils/sediments until these were eroded and remobilized.
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The influence of Organochlorine Compound exposure on the physiological development of children
2014Co-Authors: Joan O Grimalt, Maties Torrent Quetglas, Jordi SunyerAbstract:catalaAquest estudi resumeix els avencos en el coneixement dels trastorns de salut associats a l’exposicio fetal a compostos organoclorats en una cohort de nens de Menorca. S’ha observat una incidencia major de diversos efectes perjudicials per la salut als 4 anys d’edat, per exemple, hexaclorobenze (HCB) i comportament social pobre i trastorn per deficit d’atencio amb hiperactivitat, 4,4’- DDE i asma, xiulets pulmonars, infeccions de les vies respiratories baixes i alteracio de coproporfirines urinaries, HCB, s-hexaclorociclohexa i 4,4’-DDE i alteracio de les hormones tiroidals, HCB, 4,4’-DDE i policlorobifenils (PCBs) i sobrepes, 4,4’-DDT i PCBs i menor desenvolupament neurologic. Tambe s’ha documentat un efecte protector de la lactancia materna contra la disminucio de les habilitats cognitives dels nens a causa de l’exposicio a 4,4’-DDT. Aquest efecte protector mostra que altres factors, a mes de l’exposicio a contaminants i genetica personal, influeixen en els efectes de salut dels contaminants ambientals en les poblacions humanes. Aquests resultats son importants per comprendre les implicacions per la salut dels estudis d’exposomes. EnglishThe present study summarizes the advances on the knowledge of the health disturbances associated to fetal exposure to Organochlorine Compounds in a cohort of children from Menorca. Higher incidence of diverse deleterious health effects at 4 years of age have been observed, e.g. hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and poor social behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 4,4’-DDE and asthma, wheeze, lower respiratory tract infections and alteration of urinary coproporphyrins, HCB, s-hexachlorocyclohexane and 4,4’-DDE and alteration of thyroid hormones, HCB, 4,4’-DDE and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and overweight, 4,4’-DDT and PCBs and lower neurodevelopment. A protective effect of breastfeeding against decreases of cognitive skills in children due to 4,4’-DDT exposure has also been documented. This protective effect shows that other factors besides pollutant exposure and genetic variability influence on the health effects of environmental pollutants into human populations. These results are important for the understanding of the health implications of exposome studies.
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the influence of Organochlorine Compound exposure on the physiological development of children influencies de les exposicions a composts organoclorats en el desenvolupament fisiologic dels infants
2014Co-Authors: Joan O Grimalt, Maties Torrent, Jordi SunyerAbstract:The present study summarizes the advances on the knowledge of the health disturbances associated to fetal exposure to Organochlorine Compounds in a cohort of children from Menorca. Higher incidence of diverse deleterious health effects at 4 years of age have been observed, e.g. hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and poor social behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 4,4’-DDE and asthma, wheeze, lower respiratory tract infections and alteration of urinary coproporphyrins, HCB, s-hexachlorocyclohexane and 4,4’-DDE and alteration of thyroid hormones, HCB, 4,4’-DDE and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and overweight, 4,4’-DDT and PCBs and lower neurodevelopment. A protective effect of breastfeeding against decreases of cognitive skills in children due to 4,4’-DDT exposure has also been documented. This protective effect shows that other factors besides pollutant exposure and genetic variability influence on the health effects of environmental pollutants into human populations. These results are important for the understanding of the health implications of exposome studies.
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prenatal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls dde and ddt and overweight in children a prospective birth cohort study
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011Co-Authors: Damaskini Valvi, Jordi Sunyer, Joan O Grimalt, Maties Torrent, Michelle A Mendez, Martine Vrijheid, David MartinezAbstract:Background: Recent experimental evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase postnatal obesity risk and that these effects may be sex or diet dependent. Objectives: We explored whether prenatal Organochlorine Compound (OC) concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)] were associated with overweight at 6.5 years of age and whether child sex or fat intakes modified these associations. Methods: We studied 344 children from a Spanish birth cohort established in 1997–1998. Overweight at 6.5 years was defined as a body mass index (BMI) z-score ≥ 85th percentile of the World Health Organization reference. Cord blood OC concentrations were measured and treated as categorical variables (tertiles). Children’s diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using generalized linear models. Results: After multivariable adjustment, we found an increased RR of overweight in the third tertile of PCB exposure [RR = 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 2.64] and the second tertile of DDE exposure (RR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.55), but no association with DDT exposure in the population overall. Associations between overweight and PCB and DDE concentrations were strongest in girls (p-interaction between 0.01 and 0.28); DDT was associated with overweight only in boys. For DDT we observed stronger associations in children with fat intakes at or above compared with below the median, but this interaction was not significant (p-interaction > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that prenatal OC exposures may be associated with overweight in children and that sex and high-fat intake may influence susceptibility.