The Experts below are selected from a list of 165 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Catherine A. Symington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its parasitoid Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Crop Protection, 2003Co-Authors: Catherine A. SymingtonAbstract:Abstract Certain pesticides were tested on the pre-pupal stages of the parasitoid Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to identify those likely to be safely incorporated into IPM programmes in potato crops in Australia. Effects on pupation, emergence and mortality rates were monitored. Endosulfan, methamidophos and permethrin were identified as relatively unsuitable. Difenoconazole, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, and thiodicarb appeared unlikely to interfere with IPM.
-
Relative toxicity of pesticides to pest and beneficial insects in potato crops in Victoria, Australia
Ecotoxicology, 1998Co-Authors: Catherine A. Symington, Paul A. HorneAbstract:Potato crops in Victoria may be affected by two primary insect pests: the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Rothschild, 1986) and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hempitera: Aphididae). Insecticides are often used to control these pests (Dillard et al., 1993) but many Victorian growers want to reduce their pesticide input (Henderson, 1993). Integrated pest management (IPM) involving biological control of P. operculella by the parasitoids Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Braconidae), Apanteles subandinus Blanchard (Braconidae) and Copidosoma koehleri Annecke & Mynhardt (Encyrtidae) can be a successful alternative to reliance on synthetic pesticides (Horne, 1990). Insecticides may still be required in some cases to control insect pests, and fungicides remain necessary for management of fungal pathogens. A complication in integration of biological and chemical control is that predatory and parasitic insects tend to be more susceptible to pesticides than the pests (Lingren et al., 1972; Plapp and Vinson, 1977; Keeratikasikorn and Hooper, 1981; Powell et al., 1986). The effects of insecticides and fungicides on the parasitoids of P. operculella were largely unknown. Knowledge of these is necessary for effective integration of synthetic pesticides and biological control.
Paul A. Horne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Relative toxicity of pesticides to pest and beneficial insects in potato crops in Victoria, Australia
Ecotoxicology, 1998Co-Authors: Catherine A. Symington, Paul A. HorneAbstract:Potato crops in Victoria may be affected by two primary insect pests: the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Rothschild, 1986) and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hempitera: Aphididae). Insecticides are often used to control these pests (Dillard et al., 1993) but many Victorian growers want to reduce their pesticide input (Henderson, 1993). Integrated pest management (IPM) involving biological control of P. operculella by the parasitoids Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Braconidae), Apanteles subandinus Blanchard (Braconidae) and Copidosoma koehleri Annecke & Mynhardt (Encyrtidae) can be a successful alternative to reliance on synthetic pesticides (Horne, 1990). Insecticides may still be required in some cases to control insect pests, and fungicides remain necessary for management of fungal pathogens. A complication in integration of biological and chemical control is that predatory and parasitic insects tend to be more susceptible to pesticides than the pests (Lingren et al., 1972; Plapp and Vinson, 1977; Keeratikasikorn and Hooper, 1981; Powell et al., 1986). The effects of insecticides and fungicides on the parasitoids of P. operculella were largely unknown. Knowledge of these is necessary for effective integration of synthetic pesticides and biological control.
A G Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Study on the Hymenoptera parasitoid associated with Lepidoptera larvae in reforestation and agrosilvopastoral systems at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste) São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2015Co-Authors: A G Pereira, Rafael Braga Da Silva, Manoel Martins Dias, A. M. Penteado-diasAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterize the local fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in areas of reforestation and agrosilvopastoral systems at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). Lepidoptera larvae collected with entomological umbrella were kept in the laboratory until emergence of adults or their parasitoids. From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral system, emerged 267 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids belonging to 16 genera: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus), Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). From the Lepidoptera larvae collected in the reforestation, emerged 68 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids, belonging to 8 genera: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia), Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops) and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). The results of this study suggest the occurrence of a wide variety of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the studied environments.
-
Hymenoptera parasitoides associados às larvas de Lepidoptera em reflorestamento e sistemas agroflorestais da fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013Co-Authors: A G PereiraAbstract:Estudos da flora e fauna silvestres são importantes por contribuirem para a compreensão dos processos ecológicos que ocorrem em resposta às estratégias de manejo utilizadas. Os Hymenoptera são um grupo-chave para o estabelecimento de prioridades em conservação do ambiente, pois representam alta proporção da diversidade de insetos, sendo facilmente amostrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna de Hymenoptera parasitoides associada às larvas de Lepidoptera em área de reflorestamento (corredor ecológico) e nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Larvas de Lepidoptera coletadas com guarda-chuva entomológico foram mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos seus adultos ou de seus parasitoides. Das larvas coletadas na área de reflorestamento emergiram 69 Hymenoptera parasitoides, identificados como: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) e Campopleginae (Charops e Microcharops); e Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles e Protapanteles). Das larvas coletadas nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola emergiram 267 Hymenoptera parasitoides, sendo identificados como: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor e Protapanteles), e Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops e Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria e Conura); e Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) e Eulophinae (Elachertus e Euplectrus). Os ambientes estudados abrigam grande diversidade de gêneros de Hymenoptera parasitoides, provavelmente, devido à maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares para os mesmos e para os seus hospedeiros (formas imaturas e adultos). Práticas de reflorestamento e a implantação de sistemas mistos de utilização do ambiente devem ser estimulados.Studies on flora and wildlife are important to help to understand the ecological processes that occur in response to use of management strategies. Hymenoptera are a key group for setting priorities for conservation, since they represent a high proportion of diversity of insects , being easily sampled. The aim of this study was to characterize the fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in agrosilvopastoral and silviagricultural systems and in reforestation area (ecological corridor) of the Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Lepidoptera larvae collected with beating tray were kept in the laboratory until the emergence of adults or of their parasitoids. From hosts collected in the reforestation emerged 69 parasitoids, thus identified: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) and Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops); and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral and silviagriculture systems 267 hymenopteran parasitoids emerged thus identified: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), and Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); and Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) and Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). The environments studied are home to wide variety of genera of Hymenoptera parasitoids through greater availability of food resources for them and for their hosts (immatures and adults). Reforestation practices and use of mixed systems environment should be encouraged
Pereira, Aline Garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Hymenoptera parasitoides associados às larvas de Lepidoptera em reflorestamento e sistemas agroflorestais da fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, 2013Co-Authors: Pereira, Aline GarciaAbstract:Studies on flora and wildlife are important to help to understand the ecological processes that occur in response to use of management strategies. Hymenoptera are a key group for setting priorities for conservation, since they represent a high proportion of diversity of insects , being easily sampled. The aim of this study was to characterize the fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in agrosilvopastoral and silviagricultural systems and in reforestation area (ecological corridor) of the Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Lepidoptera larvae collected with beating tray were kept in the laboratory until the emergence of adults or of their parasitoids. From hosts collected in the reforestation emerged 69 parasitoids, thus identified: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) and Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops); and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral and silviagriculture systems 267 hymenopteran parasitoids emerged thus identified: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), and Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); and Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) and Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). The environments studied are home to wide variety of genera of Hymenoptera parasitoids through greater availability of food resources for them and for their hosts (immatures and adults). Reforestation practices and use of mixed systems environment should be encouraged.Financiadora de Estudos e ProjetosEstudos da flora e fauna silvestres são importantes por contribuirem para a compreensão dos processos ecológicos que ocorrem em resposta às estratégias de manejo utilizadas. Os Hymenoptera são um grupo-chave para o estabelecimento de prioridades em conservação do ambiente, pois representam alta proporção da diversidade de insetos, sendo facilmente amostrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna de Hymenoptera parasitoides associada às larvas de Lepidoptera em área de reflorestamento (corredor ecológico) e nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Larvas de Lepidoptera coletadas com guarda-chuva entomológico foram mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos seus adultos ou de seus parasitoides. Das larvas coletadas na área de reflorestamento emergiram 69 Hymenoptera parasitoides, identificados como: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) e Campopleginae (Charops e Microcharops); e Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles e Protapanteles). Das larvas coletadas nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola emergiram 267 Hymenoptera parasitoides, sendo identificados como: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor e Protapanteles), e Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops e Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria e Conura); e Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) e Eulophinae (Elachertus e Euplectrus). Os ambientes estudados abrigam grande diversidade de gêneros de Hymenoptera parasitoides, provavelmente, devido à maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares para os mesmos e para os seus hospedeiros (formas imaturas e adultos). Práticas de reflorestamento e a implantação de sistemas mistos de utilização do ambiente devem ser estimulados
Sandra Ide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
deteccion de superparasitismo y multiparasitismo sobre larvas de rhyacionia buoliana lepidoptera tortricidae en las regiones viii y ix de chile superparasitism and multiparasitism detection on rhyacionia buoliana lepidoptera tortricidae larvae in the
2007Co-Authors: Sandra Ide, Dolly Lanfranco, Cecilia RuizAbstract:SUMMARY During 2000 and 2001 a sampling period in five forest localities of the Bio-Bio (VIII Region) and Malleco provinces (IX Region) of Chile was carried out. Population density of the pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana was determined with a fluctuation between 19 and 207 mean number of larvae per tree in the first year of evaluation and 6.4 to 137 during 2001. The parasitism over larvae by Orgilus obscurator varied between 50% and 80% during the year 2000 and 57% and 96% in the second year. Superparasitism by O. obscurator and multiparasitism by Venturia sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) were detected during both years of parasitism evaluation. Although the data do not reveal that the parasitism of O. obscurator is interfered by other agents; this approach can be changed by new detected native and introduced biocontrollers as it is discussed. To evaluate periodically the program using the same methodology is a good practice for monitoring the control of the pine shoot moth implemented in Chile since 1987.
-
longevidad de Orgilus obscurator ness hymenoptera braconidae en presencia de diferentes fuentes de alimento
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 2001Co-Authors: Sandra Ide, Dolly LanfrancoAbstract:Una de las tacticas implementadas en el control de Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff. en Chile fue la introduccion en 1987 de Orgilus obscurator Ness., un parasitoide especifico. Evaluaciones realizadas entre la VII y X regiones de Chile, entre 1995 y 1997, mostraron diferencias significativas en el establecimiento y porcentaje de parasitismo alcanzados por O. obscurator. Aun cuando son multiples los factores que inciden en el exito de un biocontrolador, es importante considerar la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de fuentes de alimento, tales como el nectar de algunas flores y su efecto en la longevidad de los adultos. Este estudio fue realizado en la temporada 1996-1997 y 1997-1998 en la Provincia de Valdivia, decima region de Chile. Se utilizaron 295 individuos adultos, entre machos y hembras, manteniendolos con agua, sin agua, agua-miel y con flores de cuatro especies de plantas, tres pertenecientes a la familia Apiaceae y otra a la familia Asteraceae. La mayor longevidad promedio se obtuvo usando agua miel (23 dias en machos y 33 dias en hembras) y flores de Conium maculatum y Daucus carota (14,1 dias), las cuales permitieron aumentar dos veces la longevidad respecto al uso solo de agua. Los resultados encontrados permiten sugerir la incorporacion de algunas especies como C. maculatum y D. carota a las plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don, especialmente en la septima y octava regiones del pais, como una forma de aumentar la eficiencia de parasitacion de O. obscurator
-
Longevidad de Orgilus obscurator Ness: (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) en presencia de diferentes fuentes de alimento Longevity of Orgilus obscurator Ness: (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) under the influence of different food sources
BMC, 2001Co-Authors: Sandra Ide, Dolly LanfrancoAbstract:Una de las tácticas implementadas en el control de Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff. en Chile fue la introducción en 1987 de Orgilus obscurator Ness., un parasitoide específico. Evaluaciones realizadas entre la VII y X regiones de Chile, entre 1995 y 1997, mostraron diferencias significativas en el establecimiento y porcentaje de parasitismo alcanzados por O. obscurator. Aún cuando son múltiples los factores que inciden en el éxito de un biocontrolador, es importante considerar la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de fuentes de alimento, tales como el néctar de algunas flores y su efecto en la longevidad de los adultos. Este estudio fue realizado en la temporada 1996-1997 y 1997-1998 en la Provincia de Valdivia, décima región de Chile. Se utilizaron 295 individuos adultos, entre machos y hembras, manteniéndolos con agua, sin agua, agua-miel y con flores de cuatro especies de plantas, tres pertenecientes a la familia Apiaceae y otra a la familia Asteraceae. La mayor longevidad promedio se obtuvo usando agua miel (23 días en machos y 33 días en hembras) y flores de Conium maculatum y Daucus carota (14,1 días), las cuales permitieron aumentar dos veces la longevidad respecto al uso sólo de agua. Los resultados encontrados permiten sugerir la incorporación de algunas especies como C. maculatum y D. carota a las plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don, especialmente en la séptima y octava regiones del país, como una forma de aumentar la eficiencia de parasitación de O. obscuratorOne of the tactics that improved the control of Rhyacionia buoliana in Chile was the introduction in 1987 of Orgilus obscurator, a specific parasitoid. Evaluations between the regions VII and X of Chile during 1995 to 1997 have shown significant differences in the establishment and parasitism obtained by O. obscurator. Several factors are involved in the success of control strategies, including the availability and access to food sources such as water, flower nectar and honey, and its effect over longevity of adult parasitoids. The objective of this study, conducted during 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 in Valdivia Province, X region, was to consider these factors. For the experiment, 295 males and females of O. obscurator were maintained with water, honey and flowers of four species (three belonging to Apiaceae and one to Asteraceae). The highest longevity was obtained using honey (23 days for males, 33 days for females) and flowers of Conium maculatum L. and Daucus carota L. with an average of 14.1 days. These results suggest that increasing the presence of food sources in plantations of Pinus radiata, mainly in the VII and VIII regions, will enhance levels of parasitism by O. obscurato
