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Andrea R. Guastalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Osmolarity and root canal antiseptics
International Endodontic Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Giampiero Rossi-fedele, Andrea R. GuastalliAbstract:Abstract Rossi-Fedele G , Guastalli AR. Osmolarity and root canalantiseptics. International Endodontic Journal, 47, 314–320,2014. Antiseptics used in endodontics for disinfection pur-poses include root canal dressings and irrigants.Osmotic shock is known to cause the alteration ofmicrobial cell viability and might have a role in themechanism of action of root canal antiseptics. Theaim of this review was to determine the role of osmo-larity on the performance of antiseptics in root canaltreatment. A literature search using the Medline elec-tronic database was conducted up to 30 May 2013using the following search terms and combinations:‘osmolarity AND root canal or endodontic or antisep-tic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressingor biofilm; Osmolality AND root canal or endodonticor antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication ordressing or biofilm; osmotic AND root canal or end-odontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medi-cation or dressing or biofilm; osmosis AND root canalor endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant ormedication or dressing or biofilm; sodium chlorideAND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic orirrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or bio-film’. Publications were included if the effects of osmo-larity on the clinical performance of antiseptics inroot canal treatment were stated, if preparations withdifferent osmolarities values were compared and ifthey were published in English. A hand search of arti-cles published online, ‘in press’ and ‘early view’, andin the reference list of the included papers was carriedout following the same criteria. A total of 3274 publi-cations were identified using the database, and threewere included in the review. The evidence availablein endodontics suggests a possible role for hyper-osmotic root canal medicaments as disinfectants, andthat there is no influence of osmolarity on the tissuedissolution capacity of sodium hypochlorite. There areinsufficient data to obtain a sound conclusion regard-ing the role of hypo-osmosis in root canal disinfection,or osmosis in any further desirable ability.Keywords: antiseptics, osmolarity, osmotic shock,root canal irrigant, root canal medicament, sodiumhypochlorite.
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Osmolarity and root canal antiseptics
International endodontic journal, 2013Co-Authors: Giampiero Rossi-fedele, Andrea R. GuastalliAbstract:Antiseptics used in endodontics for disinfection purposes include root canal dressings and irrigants. Osmotic shock is known to cause the alteration of microbial cell viability and might have a role in the mechanism of action of root canal antiseptics. The aim of this review was to determine the role of osmolarity on the performance of antiseptics in root canal treatment. A literature search using the Medline electronic database was conducted up to 30 May 2013 using the following search terms and combinations: 'osmolarity AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; Osmolality AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; osmotic AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; osmosis AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; sodium chloride AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm'. Publications were included if the effects of osmolarity on the clinical performance of antiseptics in root canal treatment were stated, if preparations with different osmolarities values were compared and if they were published in English. A hand search of articles published online, 'in press' and 'early view', and in the reference list of the included papers was carried out following the same criteria. A total of 3274 publications were identified using the database, and three were included in the review. The evidence available in endodontics suggests a possible role for hyperosmotic root canal medicaments as disinfectants, and that there is no influence of osmolarity on the tissue dissolution capacity of sodium hypochlorite. There are insufficient data to obtain a sound conclusion regarding the role of hypo-osmosis in root canal disinfection, or osmosis in any further desirable ability.
Giampiero Rossi-fedele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Osmolarity and root canal antiseptics
International Endodontic Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Giampiero Rossi-fedele, Andrea R. GuastalliAbstract:Abstract Rossi-Fedele G , Guastalli AR. Osmolarity and root canalantiseptics. International Endodontic Journal, 47, 314–320,2014. Antiseptics used in endodontics for disinfection pur-poses include root canal dressings and irrigants.Osmotic shock is known to cause the alteration ofmicrobial cell viability and might have a role in themechanism of action of root canal antiseptics. Theaim of this review was to determine the role of osmo-larity on the performance of antiseptics in root canaltreatment. A literature search using the Medline elec-tronic database was conducted up to 30 May 2013using the following search terms and combinations:‘osmolarity AND root canal or endodontic or antisep-tic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressingor biofilm; Osmolality AND root canal or endodonticor antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication ordressing or biofilm; osmotic AND root canal or end-odontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medi-cation or dressing or biofilm; osmosis AND root canalor endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant ormedication or dressing or biofilm; sodium chlorideAND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic orirrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or bio-film’. Publications were included if the effects of osmo-larity on the clinical performance of antiseptics inroot canal treatment were stated, if preparations withdifferent osmolarities values were compared and ifthey were published in English. A hand search of arti-cles published online, ‘in press’ and ‘early view’, andin the reference list of the included papers was carriedout following the same criteria. A total of 3274 publi-cations were identified using the database, and threewere included in the review. The evidence availablein endodontics suggests a possible role for hyper-osmotic root canal medicaments as disinfectants, andthat there is no influence of osmolarity on the tissuedissolution capacity of sodium hypochlorite. There areinsufficient data to obtain a sound conclusion regard-ing the role of hypo-osmosis in root canal disinfection,or osmosis in any further desirable ability.Keywords: antiseptics, osmolarity, osmotic shock,root canal irrigant, root canal medicament, sodiumhypochlorite.
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Osmolarity and root canal antiseptics
International endodontic journal, 2013Co-Authors: Giampiero Rossi-fedele, Andrea R. GuastalliAbstract:Antiseptics used in endodontics for disinfection purposes include root canal dressings and irrigants. Osmotic shock is known to cause the alteration of microbial cell viability and might have a role in the mechanism of action of root canal antiseptics. The aim of this review was to determine the role of osmolarity on the performance of antiseptics in root canal treatment. A literature search using the Medline electronic database was conducted up to 30 May 2013 using the following search terms and combinations: 'osmolarity AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; Osmolality AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; osmotic AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; osmosis AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm; sodium chloride AND root canal or endodontic or antiseptic or irrigation or irrigant or medication or dressing or biofilm'. Publications were included if the effects of osmolarity on the clinical performance of antiseptics in root canal treatment were stated, if preparations with different osmolarities values were compared and if they were published in English. A hand search of articles published online, 'in press' and 'early view', and in the reference list of the included papers was carried out following the same criteria. A total of 3274 publications were identified using the database, and three were included in the review. The evidence available in endodontics suggests a possible role for hyperosmotic root canal medicaments as disinfectants, and that there is no influence of osmolarity on the tissue dissolution capacity of sodium hypochlorite. There are insufficient data to obtain a sound conclusion regarding the role of hypo-osmosis in root canal disinfection, or osmosis in any further desirable ability.
Linsy R Farris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tear osmolarity a new gold standard
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1994Co-Authors: Linsy R FarrisAbstract:The purpose of this presentation is to propose tear Osmolality measurement as a new gold standard for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Agreement on the diagnostic criteria is needed in order to permit meaningful comparisons of scientific results obtained from varying patient populations. The method employed is a review of previous studies of clinical symptoms, signs and diagnostic tests employed in making a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Data from previous studies are reviewed and the results of individual and combinations tests are compared in regard to sensitivity, specificity and overall efficiency in establishing accurate diagnoses. The results are that the measurement of tear Osmolality measurement provides the greatest sensitivity, specificity and overall efficiency of a single test. Adding either the Schirmer test without anesthetic or tear lactoferrin measured by the Lactoplate™ method in parallel to tear Osmolality measurement did not increase the sensitivity of diagnotic testing beyond 90% which was obtained by using tear Osmolality measurement alone. The specificity of such combination diagnostic testing was increased only from 95% to 100%. The simplicity of tear osmolarity measurement and its established reliability supports the conclusion that this test is a reasonable candidate for a new international gold standard in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Neil P Walsh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people adding value to pathology laboratory reports
BMJ Open, 2015Co-Authors: Lee Hooper, Diane Bunn, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Amy Jennings, Garry W John, Susan Kerry, Gregor Lindner, Carmen A Pfortmueller, Fredrik Sjostrand, Neil P WalshAbstract:Objectives To assess which osmolarity equation best predicts directly measured serum/plasma Osmolality and whether its use could add value to routine blood test results through screening for dehydration in older people. Design Diagnostic accuracy study. Participants Older people (≥65 years) in 5 cohorts: Dietary Strategies for Healthy Ageing in Europe (NU-AGE, living in the community), Dehydration Recognition In our Elders (DRIE, living in residential care), Fortes (admitted to acute medical care), Sjostrand (emergency room) or Pfortmueller cohorts (hospitalised with liver cirrhosis). Reference standard for hydration status Directly measured serum/plasma Osmolality: current dehydration (serum Osmolality >300 mOsm/kg), impending/current dehydration (≥295 mOsm/kg). Index tests 39 osmolarity equations calculated using serum indices from the same blood draw as directly measured Osmolality. Results Across 5 cohorts 595 older people were included, of whom 19% were dehydrated (directly measured Osmolality >300 mOsm/kg). Of 39 osmolarity equations, 5 showed reasonable agreement with directly measured Osmolality and 3 had good predictive accuracy in subgroups with diabetes and poor renal function. Two equations were characterised by narrower limits of agreement, low levels of differential bias and good diagnostic accuracy in receiver operating characteristic plots (areas under the curve >0.8). The best equation was osmolarity=1.86×(Na + + K + )+1.15×glucose+urea+14 (all measured in mmol/L). It appeared useful in people aged ≥65 years with and without diabetes, poor renal function, dehydration, in men and women, with a range of ages, health, cognitive and functional status. Conclusions Some commonly used osmolarity equations work poorly, and should not be used. Given costs and prevalence of dehydration in older people we suggest use of the best formula by pathology laboratories using a cutpoint of 295 mOsm/L (sensitivity 85%, specificity 59%), to report dehydration risk opportunistically when serum glucose, urea and electrolytes are measured for other reasons in older adults. Trial registration numbers: DRIE: Research Register for Social Care, 122273; NU-AGE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01754012.
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tear fluid osmolarity as a potential marker of hydration status
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2011Co-Authors: Matthew B Fortes, Bethany C Diment, Umberto Di Felice, Adrian E Gunn, Joe L Kendall, Marieh Esmaeelpour, Neil P WalshAbstract:ABSTRACTIt has been suggested that tear fluid is isotonic with plasma, and plasma Osmolality (Posm) is an accepted, albeit invasive, hydration marker. Our aim was to determine whether tear fluid osmolarity (Tosm) assessed using a new, portable, noninvasive, rapid collection and measurement device tr
Ben Desbrow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tear osmolarity is sensitive to exercise induced fluid loss but is not associated with common hydration measures in a field setting
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Justin J Holland, Tina L. Skinner, Michael Leveritt, Christopher Irwin, Ben DesbrowAbstract:ABSTRACTThis investigation (i) examined changes in tear osmolarity in response to fluid loss that occurs with exercise in a field setting, and (ii) compared tear osmolarity with common field and laboratory hydration measures. Sixty-three participants [age 27.8 ± 8.4 years, body mass 72.15 ± 10.61 kg] completed a self-paced 10 km run outside on a predetermined course. Body mass, tear fluid, venous blood and urine samples were collected immediately before and after exercise. Significant (p 0.05) with plasma Osmolality (rs = 0.24), urine Osmolality (rs = 0.14), urine specific gravity (rs = 0.13) or relative body mass loss (r = 0.20). Tear osmolarity is responsive to exercise-induced flui...
