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Nikos Solounias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparisons of Schansitherium tafeli with Samotherium boissieri (Giraffidae, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China.
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:We are describing and figuring for the first time skulls of Schansitherium tafeli, which are abundant in the Gansu area of China from the Late Miocene. They were animals about the size of Samotherium with shorter necks that had two pairs of Ossicones that merge at the base, which is unlike Samotherium. The anterior Ossicones consist of anterior lineations, which may represent growth lines. They were likely mixed feeders similar to Samotherium. Schansitherium is tentatively placed in a very close position to Samotherium. Samotherium and Schansitherium represent a pair of morphologically very similar species that likely coexisted similarly to pairs of modern species, where the main difference is in the Ossicones. Pairs of ruminants in Africa, for example, exist today that differ mostly in their horn shape but otherwise are similar in size, shape, and diet. The absence of Schansitherium from Europe is interesting, however, as Samotherium is found in both locations. While is it challenging to interpret neck length and Ossicone shape in terms of function in combat, we offer our hypothesis as to how the two species differed in their fighting techniques.
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Premaxillae and Ossicone.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) Premaxilla HMV 1416, Schansitherium tafeli from Gansu. (B) Premaxilla Samotherium boissieri from Samos NHMUK 1415. (C) Schansitherium tafeli HMV 1931 left Ossicone. Scale 50mm.
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Schansitherium tafeli.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) HMV 1321. Ossicone detail; right side lateral aspect. Scale 50mm.
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First identification of Decennatherium Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) in the Siwaliks of Pakistan
Geobios, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Melinda Danowitz, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:Abstract Previously undescribed remains of a new large giraffid have been identified from the late Miocene Siwaliks Hills of the Potwar Plateau in Pakistan. This taxon is very intimately related to the late Miocene giraffid genus Decennatherium, previously only certainly identified in the Iberian Peninsula, and with some possible remains assigned to Decennatherium crusafonti from Aliabad (Iran). The new material collected in the Siwaliks Hills shows a high morphological similarity with the Spanish remains of the genus, especially the early Vallesian Decennatherium pachecoi. Two previously undescribed Ossicone fragments from the same area are also described and identified as cf. Decennatherium. These findings represent the easternmost occurrence of the genus Decennatherium and show a late Miocene migration of the genus throughout the Iberian Peninsula and Southern Asia.
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Schansitherium tafeli.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) The two Ossicones of HMV 1321 lateral aspect. (B) Medial aspect of HMV 1934. (C) Medial aspect of HMV 0945. (D) Apex of HMV 1932 medial aspect. (E) HMV 1934 apex. (F) Anterior Ossicone of HMV 1932. (G) Medial aspect of Ossicone HMV 1932.
Melinda Danowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparisons of Schansitherium tafeli with Samotherium boissieri (Giraffidae, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China.
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:We are describing and figuring for the first time skulls of Schansitherium tafeli, which are abundant in the Gansu area of China from the Late Miocene. They were animals about the size of Samotherium with shorter necks that had two pairs of Ossicones that merge at the base, which is unlike Samotherium. The anterior Ossicones consist of anterior lineations, which may represent growth lines. They were likely mixed feeders similar to Samotherium. Schansitherium is tentatively placed in a very close position to Samotherium. Samotherium and Schansitherium represent a pair of morphologically very similar species that likely coexisted similarly to pairs of modern species, where the main difference is in the Ossicones. Pairs of ruminants in Africa, for example, exist today that differ mostly in their horn shape but otherwise are similar in size, shape, and diet. The absence of Schansitherium from Europe is interesting, however, as Samotherium is found in both locations. While is it challenging to interpret neck length and Ossicone shape in terms of function in combat, we offer our hypothesis as to how the two species differed in their fighting techniques.
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Schansitherium tafeli.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) The two Ossicones of HMV 1321 lateral aspect. (B) Medial aspect of HMV 1934. (C) Medial aspect of HMV 0945. (D) Apex of HMV 1932 medial aspect. (E) HMV 1934 apex. (F) Anterior Ossicone of HMV 1932. (G) Medial aspect of Ossicone HMV 1932.
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Schansitherium tafeli.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) HMV 1740 medial aspect of anterior Ossicone. (B) HMV 1740 close aspect of same specimen as Fig 7A showing layering. (C) HMV 1931 lateral aspect of orbit and Ossicones. (D) HMV 1931 close image of 1931 showing layering. Scale 50mm.
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Samotherium boissieri.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) IVPP V20271 Ossicone close-up. Red line points to para-apex. (B) Another view of IVPP V20271 Ossicone. Scale 50mm.
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Premaxillae and Ossicone.
2019Co-Authors: Sukuan Hou, Melinda Danowitz, Michael Cydylo, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:(A) Premaxilla HMV 1416, Schansitherium tafeli from Gansu. (B) Premaxilla Samotherium boissieri from Samos NHMUK 1415. (C) Schansitherium tafeli HMV 1931 left Ossicone. Scale 50mm.
Jorge Morales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new giraffid (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) from the late Miocene of Spain, and the evolution of the sivathere-samothere lineage.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:Giraffids include the only living giraffomorph ruminants and are diagnosed by the presence of bi-lobed canines and a special type of epiphyseal cranial appendages called Ossicones. The family Giraffidae ranges from the latest early Miocene until today. However they are currently extant relics with only two living representatives, the African genera Okapia and Giraffa. Giraffids were much more diverse and widespread in the past, with more than 30 fossil species described. For the past decades a number of studies intended to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the family, but due to the lack of really good cranial material no clear consensus was reached regarding the phylogenetic relationships amongst the different members of the group. The exceptionally complete remains of a new large giraffid from the late Miocene of Spain, Decennatherium rex sp. nov., allows us to improve and reassess giraffid systematics, offering a lot of new data, both anatomic and phylogenetic, on the large late Miocene giraffids of Eurasia. The results of our cladistic analysis show Decennatherium as a basal offshoot of a clade containing the gigantic samotheres and sivatheres, characterized by the presence of a Sivatherium-like Ossicone-plan among other features. Decennatherium thus offers the most ancient evidence of this Sivatherium-plan and firmly establishes the early morphological patterns of evolution of a sivathere / samothere-clade that is defined as the less inclusive clade that contains Decennatherium and Sivatherium. Finally, this large group of four-Ossiconed giraffids evolutionarily links Miocene Europe and Africa indicating vicariance / migration processes among the giraffid genetic pools separated by the Mediterranean Sea.
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Ossicones of several giraffid species.
2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:A-E, BAT10’16.D4-20, right posterior Ossicone of Decennatherium rex in A, cranial view; B, lateral view; C, caudal view; D, medial view; E, proximal view; F-J, MGUV-7816,right posterior Ossicone of Birgerbohlinia schaubi in F, cranial view; G, lateral view; H, caudal view; I, medial view; J, proximal view; K, SAM-PQ-L12730, left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium hendeyi in lateral view ([63]: Fig 2A, holotype); L-P, BM-39525 left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium giganteum in L, cranial view; M, medial view; N, caudal view; O, lateral view; P, proximal view; Q-R, M14955, illustration of the left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium olduvaiense in Q, posterolateral view; R, anteromedial view ([62]: Plate IIIa, b.). Scale bar equals 5 cm.
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Posterior Ossicone of Decennatherium rex sp. nov. from BAT10.
2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:A-E, BAT10’16.D4-20, right posterior Ossicone in A, cranial view; B, lateral view; C, caudal view; D, medial view; E, proximal view. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
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Comparative Anatomy, Phylogeny, and Systematics of the Miocene Giraffid Decennatherium pachecoi Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora): State of the Art
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:ABSTRACTDecennatherium pachecoi Crusafont, 1952, is one of two giraffid species described from the Miocene of the Iberian Peninsula. This species is recovered exclusively from Vallesian faunas (MN9–10, late Miocene, 10–11 Ma). Despite being relatively well represented in the fossil record, except for the skull and Ossicones, the complete vertebral column, and part of the upper dentition, its systematics and phylogenetic position among giraffids are the subject of debate. We update our knowledge of D. pachecoi, revising all Spanish material assigned to this species, as well as previously undescribed fossils. We reassess the systematics of Decennatherium, including its potential relationship with the second Iberian giraffid, the early Turolian Birgerbohlinia Crusafont, 1952, by means of the first cladistic analysis of the Giraffidae that includes Decennatherium together with the most relevant African and Eurasian taxa, both fossil and extant. Our results link Decennatherium with a ‘samothere’ clade, whereas...
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Cranial remains of Xenokeryx amidalae gen. et sp. nov. from La Retama.
2015Co-Authors: Israel M. Sánchez, Maria Rios, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Victoria Quiralte, Jorge MoralesAbstract:A, MNCN-74448 (holotype), occipital appendage in anterior view; B, MNCN-74448 (holotype), occipital appendage in lateral view; C, MNCN-74448 (holotype), occipital appendage in posterior view; D, MNCN-74449, right Ossicone and supra-orbital region of a skull in latero-distal view; E, MNCN-74449, right Ossicone and supra-orbital region of the skull in medial view; F, MNCN-74446, left juvenile Ossicone and supra-orbital region of the skull in lateral view; G, MNCN-74446, left juvenile Ossicone and supra-orbital region of the skull in medial view; H, MNCN-74447, left juvenile Ossicone in apical view, showing its transversal section; I, MNCN-74449, detail of the Ossicone-frontal bone contact showing the suture line (not to scale). Abbreviations: Bp, bumps; Nf, nuchal fossa; Ow, Ossicone ‘wing’; Sl, suture line between Ossicone and frontal bone.
Astibia H. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Palaeomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Palaeomerycidae y cambios climáticos durante el Aragoniense en la Península Ibérica
'Editorial CSIC', 2006Co-Authors: Astibia H., Morales J.Abstract:We describe a sample of cranial appendages and isolated dentition of the Palaeomerycids ruminants from the Upper Aragonian localities of La Barranca (Zaragoza, Spain) and La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, France). The most characteristic fossils are two frontal protuberances which are morphologically close to those of Ampelomeryx ginsburgi although differing on the orientation of the Ossicone apex. The dentition is comparable in size and morphology to that of Ampelomeryx magnus from Sansan (France). During the Aragonian in the Central Iberian Basins three different and successive Palaemerycids assemblages are recognized. This succession could be correlated with the paleoclimatic pattern observed in the same area.Se describen restos fósiles correspondientes a rumiantes de la familia Palaeomerycidae de los yacimientos del Aragoniense superior de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Las piezas más notables son sendos osiconos frontales, que presentan una morfología parecida a la de Ampelomeryx ginsburgi, difiriendo en la distinta orientación de la región apical. La dentición es similar morfológica y biométricamente a la de Ampelomeryx magnus del yacimiento Aragoniense superior de Sansan (Francia). En este trabajo se apunta la hipótesis de la existencia en las cuencas centrales de la Península Ibérica de tres conjuntos diferenciados de Palaeomerycidae, cuya sucesión se relaciona con la evolución paleoclimática que sufrió dicha área geográfica durante el Aragoniense
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Palaeomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Palaeomerycidae y cambios climáticos durante el Aragoniense en la Península Ibérica
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2006Co-Authors: Morales J., Astibia H.Abstract:We describe a sample of cranial appendages and isolated dentition of the Palaeomerycids ruminants from the Upper Aragonian localities of La Barranca (Zaragoza, Spain) and La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, France). The most characteristic fossils are two frontal protuberances which are morphologically close to those of Ampelomeryx ginsburgi although differing on the orientation of the Ossicone apex. The dentition is comparable in size and morphology to that of Ampelomeryx magnus from Sansan (France). During the Aragonian in the Central Iberian Basins three different and successive Palaemerycids assemblages are recognized. This succession could be correlated with the paleoclimatic pattern observed in the same area.Se describen restos fósiles correspondientes a rumiantes de la familia Palaeomerycidae de los yacimientos del Aragoniense superior de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Las piezas más notables son sendos osiconos frontales, que presentan una morfología parecida a la de Ampelomeryx ginsburgi, difiriendo en la distinta orientación de la región apical. La dentición es similar morfológica y biométricamente a la de Ampelomeryx magnus del yacimiento Aragoniense superior de Sansan (Francia). En este trabajo se apunta la hipótesis de la existencia en las cuencas centrales de la Península Ibérica de tres conjuntos diferenciados de Palaeomerycidae, cuya sucesión se relaciona con la evolución paleoclimática que sufrió dicha área geográfica durante el Aragoniense
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Palaeomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Palaeomerycidae y cambios climáticos durante el Aragoniense en la Península Ibérica
'Editorial CSIC', 2006Co-Authors: Astibia H., Morales JorgeAbstract:11 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 lámina, 2 tablas.[ES] Se describen restos fósiles correspondientes a rumiantes de la familia Palaeomerycidae de los yacimientos del Aragoniense superior de La Barranca (Zaragoza, España) y de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, Francia). Las piezas más notables son sendos osiconos frontales, que presentan una morfología parecida a la de Ampelomeryx ginsburgi, difiriendo en la distinta orientación de la región apical. La dentición es similar morfológica y biométricamente a la de Ampelomeryx magnus del yacimiento Aragoniense superior de Sansan (Francia). En este trabajo se apunta la hipótesis de la existencia en las cuencas centrales de la Península Ibérica de tres conjuntos diferenciados de Palaeomerycidae, cuya sucesión se relaciona con la evolución paleoclimática que sufrió dicha área geográfica durante el Aragoniense.[EN] We describe a sample of cranial appendages and isolated dentition of the Palaeomerycids ruminants from the Upper Aragonian localities of La Barranca (Zaragoza, Spain) and La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère, France). The most characteristic fossils are two frontal protuberances which are morphologically close to those of Ampelomeryx ginsburgi although differing on the orientation of the Ossicone apex. The dentition is comparable in size and morphology to that of Ampelomeryx magnus from Sansan (France). During the Aragonian in the Central Iberian Basins three different and successive Palaemerycids assemblages are recognized. This succession could be correlated with the paleoclimatic pattern observed in the same area.La Universidad del País Vasco/EHU y Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza, por la financiación del trabajo (Ayudas a Grupos Consolidados 9/UPV00121.310-15226/2003) y al MEC, Proyecto BTE 2003- 03001, inicialmente dirigido por la Dra. Dolores Soria.Peer reviewe
Maria Rios - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First identification of Decennatherium Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) in the Siwaliks of Pakistan
Geobios, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Melinda Danowitz, Nikos SolouniasAbstract:Abstract Previously undescribed remains of a new large giraffid have been identified from the late Miocene Siwaliks Hills of the Potwar Plateau in Pakistan. This taxon is very intimately related to the late Miocene giraffid genus Decennatherium, previously only certainly identified in the Iberian Peninsula, and with some possible remains assigned to Decennatherium crusafonti from Aliabad (Iran). The new material collected in the Siwaliks Hills shows a high morphological similarity with the Spanish remains of the genus, especially the early Vallesian Decennatherium pachecoi. Two previously undescribed Ossicone fragments from the same area are also described and identified as cf. Decennatherium. These findings represent the easternmost occurrence of the genus Decennatherium and show a late Miocene migration of the genus throughout the Iberian Peninsula and Southern Asia.
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A new giraffid (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) from the late Miocene of Spain, and the evolution of the sivathere-samothere lineage.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:Giraffids include the only living giraffomorph ruminants and are diagnosed by the presence of bi-lobed canines and a special type of epiphyseal cranial appendages called Ossicones. The family Giraffidae ranges from the latest early Miocene until today. However they are currently extant relics with only two living representatives, the African genera Okapia and Giraffa. Giraffids were much more diverse and widespread in the past, with more than 30 fossil species described. For the past decades a number of studies intended to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the family, but due to the lack of really good cranial material no clear consensus was reached regarding the phylogenetic relationships amongst the different members of the group. The exceptionally complete remains of a new large giraffid from the late Miocene of Spain, Decennatherium rex sp. nov., allows us to improve and reassess giraffid systematics, offering a lot of new data, both anatomic and phylogenetic, on the large late Miocene giraffids of Eurasia. The results of our cladistic analysis show Decennatherium as a basal offshoot of a clade containing the gigantic samotheres and sivatheres, characterized by the presence of a Sivatherium-like Ossicone-plan among other features. Decennatherium thus offers the most ancient evidence of this Sivatherium-plan and firmly establishes the early morphological patterns of evolution of a sivathere / samothere-clade that is defined as the less inclusive clade that contains Decennatherium and Sivatherium. Finally, this large group of four-Ossiconed giraffids evolutionarily links Miocene Europe and Africa indicating vicariance / migration processes among the giraffid genetic pools separated by the Mediterranean Sea.
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Ossicones of several giraffid species.
2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:A-E, BAT10’16.D4-20, right posterior Ossicone of Decennatherium rex in A, cranial view; B, lateral view; C, caudal view; D, medial view; E, proximal view; F-J, MGUV-7816,right posterior Ossicone of Birgerbohlinia schaubi in F, cranial view; G, lateral view; H, caudal view; I, medial view; J, proximal view; K, SAM-PQ-L12730, left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium hendeyi in lateral view ([63]: Fig 2A, holotype); L-P, BM-39525 left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium giganteum in L, cranial view; M, medial view; N, caudal view; O, lateral view; P, proximal view; Q-R, M14955, illustration of the left posterior Ossicone of Sivatherium olduvaiense in Q, posterolateral view; R, anteromedial view ([62]: Plate IIIa, b.). Scale bar equals 5 cm.
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Posterior Ossicone of Decennatherium rex sp. nov. from BAT10.
2017Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:A-E, BAT10’16.D4-20, right posterior Ossicone in A, cranial view; B, lateral view; C, caudal view; D, medial view; E, proximal view. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
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Comparative Anatomy, Phylogeny, and Systematics of the Miocene Giraffid Decennatherium pachecoi Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora): State of the Art
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Rios, Israel M. Sánchez, Jorge MoralesAbstract:ABSTRACTDecennatherium pachecoi Crusafont, 1952, is one of two giraffid species described from the Miocene of the Iberian Peninsula. This species is recovered exclusively from Vallesian faunas (MN9–10, late Miocene, 10–11 Ma). Despite being relatively well represented in the fossil record, except for the skull and Ossicones, the complete vertebral column, and part of the upper dentition, its systematics and phylogenetic position among giraffids are the subject of debate. We update our knowledge of D. pachecoi, revising all Spanish material assigned to this species, as well as previously undescribed fossils. We reassess the systematics of Decennatherium, including its potential relationship with the second Iberian giraffid, the early Turolian Birgerbohlinia Crusafont, 1952, by means of the first cladistic analysis of the Giraffidae that includes Decennatherium together with the most relevant African and Eurasian taxa, both fossil and extant. Our results link Decennatherium with a ‘samothere’ clade, whereas...
