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Philip M Dunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of p2x receptors in cultured mouse and rat parasympathetic Otic Ganglion neurones including p2x knockout studies
Neuropharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Huaizhen Ruan, Debra A Cockayne, Anthony P D W Ford, Geoffrey Burnstock, Philip M DunnAbstract:We have used patch-clamp recording from cultured neurones, immunohistochemistry and gene deletion techniques to characterize the P2X receptors present in mouse Otic Ganglion neurones, and demonstrated the presence of similar receptors in rat neurones. All neurones from wild-type (WT) mice responded to ATP (EC(50) 109 microM), but only 38% also responded to alpha beta-meATP (EC(50) 39 microM). The response to alpha beta-meATP was blocked by TNP-ATP with an IC(50) of 38.6 nM. Lowering extracellular pH and co-application of Zn(2+) potentiated responses to ATP and alpha beta-meATP. In P2X(3)(-/-) mouse Otic Ganglion, all neurones tested responded to 100 microM ATP with a sustained current, but none responded to alpha beta-meATP. In P2X(2)(-/-) mice, no sustained currents were observed, but 36% of neurones responded to both ATP and alpha beta-meATP with transient currents. In P2X(2)/P2X(3)(Dbl-/-) mice, no responses to ATP or alpha beta-meATP were detected, suggesting that other P2X subunits were not involved. In rat Otic ganglia, 96% of neurones responded to both ATP and alpha beta-meATP with sustained currents, suggesting a greater proportion of neurones expressing P2X(2/3) receptors. The maximum response to alpha beta-meATP was 40-60% of that evoked by ATP in the same cell. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining for P2X(2) and P2X(3) subunits in WT mouse Otic Ganglion neurones, which was absent in knockout animals. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that at least two distinct P2X receptors are present in mouse and rat Otic neurones, probably homomeric P2X(2) and heteromeric P2X(2/3) receptors.
J Ekstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Otic Ganglion in rats and its parotid connection cholinergic pathways reflex secretion and a secretory role for the facial nerve
Experimental Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Nina Khosravani, Malin Sandberg, J EkstromAbstract:Otic Ganglionectomy in rats was found to have affected the parotid gland more profoundly than section of the auriculotemporal nerve as assessed by reduction in gland weight (by 33 versus 20%) and total acetylcholine synthesizing capacity (by 88 versus 76%) 1 week postoperatively and, when assessed on the day of surgery under adrenoceptor blockade, by reflex secretion (by 99 versus 88%). The facial nerve contributed to the acetylcholine synthesizing capacity of the gland. Section of the nerve only, at the level of the stylomastoid foramen, reduced the acetylcholine synthesis by 15% and, combined with Otic Ganglionectomy, by 98% or, combined with section of the auriculotemporal nerve, by 82%. The facial nerve was secretory to the gland, and the response was of a cholinergic nature. The nerve conveyed reflex secretion of saliva and caused secretion of saliva upon stimulation. Most of the facial secretory nerve fibres originated from the Otic Ganglion, since after Otic Ganglionectomy (and allowing for nerve degeneration) the secretory response to facial nerve stimulation was markedly reduced (from 23 to 4 microl (5 min)(-1)). The persisting secretory response after Otic Ganglionectomy, exaggerated due to sensitization, and the residual acetylcholine synthesizing capacity (mainly depending on the facial nerve) showed that a minor proportion of pre- and postGanglionic nerve fibres relay outside the Otic Ganglion. The great auricular nerve, which like the facial nerve penetrates the gland, caused no secretion of saliva upon stimulation. Avulsion of the auriculotemporal nerve was more effective than Otic Ganglionectomy in reducing the acetylcholine synthesizing capacity (by 94 versus 88%) and as effective as Otic Ganglionectomy in abolishing reflex secretion (by 99%). When aiming at parasympathetic denervation, avulsion may be the preferable choice, since it is technically easier to perform than Otic Ganglionectomy.
Krishna Raja Rao Holavanahalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar nerve looping around accessory meningeal artery
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Shakuntala Nallagatla, Manivannan Karuppan, Gangadhara Muninarayanaswamy, Krishna Raja Rao HolavanahalliAbstract:Background: The auriculotemporal nerve has been described as having two roots in standard textbooks of anatomy. It lies on the tensor veli palatini muscle while passing backwards behind the lateral pterygoid muscle. It runs behind the temporomandibular joint after passing between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of mandible. It ascends over the posterior root of zygoma posterior to superficial temporal vessels. It gives superficial temporal branches and also branches to facial nerve and Otic Ganglion. The branches to the facial nerve join at the posterior border of masseter. On the face the cutaneous branches supply the tragus, part of the adjoining auricle of the ear and posterior part of temple. Methods: Variations in the origin of the auriculotemporal nerve have been described by many authors in the past and this prompted the study of the auriculotemporal nerve, its origin and course, in 36 specimens (18 cadaveric heads) in bodies that were allotted for dissection purpose to first year medical students in the department of anatomy in P.E.S Medical College, Kuppam. Results: It was seen that the auriculotemporal nerve had two roots of origin and they formed a loop to enclose the middle meningeal artery in all the 35 specimens except in one side of the cadaveric heads. In only one half of a cadaveric head it was found to arise by three roots which formed two nerve loops. The first and second nerve roots joined with each other to form a nerve loop. The third root joined with the inferior alveolar nerve and formed the second nerve loop. The accessory meningeal artery passed through the second nerve loop. The normal presentation of two roots enclosing the middle meningeal artery was not present. Instead the accessory meningeal artery was enclosed between the third root and the inferior alveolar nerve. The middle meningeal artery entered the skull through the foramen spinosum as usual but was not enclosed by the nerve roots. The trunk of the auriculo temporal nerve was seen between the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar nerve and the study reports the presence of variant nerve loops encircling the accessory meningeal artery. Conclusion: The variations in the roots of auriculotemporal nerve have been reported in the past and since it is important in the clinical implications of the region especially for the facio-maxillary surgeons and dental surgeons. The incidence of variation has to be documented as this helps in updating the clinical database for surgical procedures and treatment in the region of infratemporal fossa.
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Communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar nerve-looping around accessory meningeal artery
Medip Academy, 2015Co-Authors: Shakuntala Nallagatla, Manivannan Karuppan, Gangadhara Muninarayanaswamy, Krishna Raja Rao HolavanahalliAbstract:Background: The auriculotemporal nerve has been described as having two roots in standard textbooks of anatomy. It lies on the tensor veli palatini muscle while passing backwards behind the lateral pterygoid muscle. It runs behind the temporomandibular joint after passing between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of mandible. It ascends over the posterior root of zygoma posterior to superficial temporal vessels. It gives superficial temporal branches and also branches to facial nerve and Otic Ganglion. The branches to the facial nerve join at the posterior border of masseter. On the face the cutaneous branches supply the tragus, part of the adjoining auricle of the ear and posterior part of temple. Methods: Variations in the origin of the auriculotemporal nerve have been described by many authors in the past and this prompted the study of the auriculotemporal nerve, its origin and course, in 36 specimens (18 cadaveric heads) in bodies that were allotted for dissection purpose to first year medical students in the department of anatomy in P.E.S Medical College, Kuppam. Results: It was seen that the auriculotemporal nerve had two roots of origin and they formed a loop to enclose the middle meningeal artery in all the 35 specimens except in one side of the cadaveric heads. In only one half of a cadaveric head it was found to arise by three roots which formed two nerve loops. The first and second nerve roots joined with each other to form a nerve loop. The third root joined with the inferior alveolar nerve and formed the second nerve loop. The accessory meningeal artery passed through the second nerve loop. The normal presentation of two roots enclosing the middle meningeal artery was not present. Instead the accessory meningeal artery was enclosed between the third root and the inferior alveolar nerve. The middle meningeal artery entered the skull through the foramen spinosum as usual but was not enclosed by the nerve roots. The trunk of the auriculo temporal nerve was seen between the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar nerve and the study reports the presence of variant nerve loops encircling the accessory meningeal artery. Conclusion: The variations in the roots of auriculotemporal nerve have been reported in the past and since it is important in the clinical implications of the region especially for the facio-maxillary surgeons and dental surgeons. The incidence of variation has to be documented as this helps in updating the clinical database for surgical procedures and treatment in the region of infratemporal fossa. [Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3(3.000): 626-629
Huaizhen Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of p2x receptors in cultured mouse and rat parasympathetic Otic Ganglion neurones including p2x knockout studies
Neuropharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Huaizhen Ruan, Debra A Cockayne, Anthony P D W Ford, Geoffrey Burnstock, Philip M DunnAbstract:We have used patch-clamp recording from cultured neurones, immunohistochemistry and gene deletion techniques to characterize the P2X receptors present in mouse Otic Ganglion neurones, and demonstrated the presence of similar receptors in rat neurones. All neurones from wild-type (WT) mice responded to ATP (EC(50) 109 microM), but only 38% also responded to alpha beta-meATP (EC(50) 39 microM). The response to alpha beta-meATP was blocked by TNP-ATP with an IC(50) of 38.6 nM. Lowering extracellular pH and co-application of Zn(2+) potentiated responses to ATP and alpha beta-meATP. In P2X(3)(-/-) mouse Otic Ganglion, all neurones tested responded to 100 microM ATP with a sustained current, but none responded to alpha beta-meATP. In P2X(2)(-/-) mice, no sustained currents were observed, but 36% of neurones responded to both ATP and alpha beta-meATP with transient currents. In P2X(2)/P2X(3)(Dbl-/-) mice, no responses to ATP or alpha beta-meATP were detected, suggesting that other P2X subunits were not involved. In rat Otic ganglia, 96% of neurones responded to both ATP and alpha beta-meATP with sustained currents, suggesting a greater proportion of neurones expressing P2X(2/3) receptors. The maximum response to alpha beta-meATP was 40-60% of that evoked by ATP in the same cell. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining for P2X(2) and P2X(3) subunits in WT mouse Otic Ganglion neurones, which was absent in knockout animals. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that at least two distinct P2X receptors are present in mouse and rat Otic neurones, probably homomeric P2X(2) and heteromeric P2X(2/3) receptors.
Shakuntala Nallagatla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar nerve looping around accessory meningeal artery
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Shakuntala Nallagatla, Manivannan Karuppan, Gangadhara Muninarayanaswamy, Krishna Raja Rao HolavanahalliAbstract:Background: The auriculotemporal nerve has been described as having two roots in standard textbooks of anatomy. It lies on the tensor veli palatini muscle while passing backwards behind the lateral pterygoid muscle. It runs behind the temporomandibular joint after passing between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of mandible. It ascends over the posterior root of zygoma posterior to superficial temporal vessels. It gives superficial temporal branches and also branches to facial nerve and Otic Ganglion. The branches to the facial nerve join at the posterior border of masseter. On the face the cutaneous branches supply the tragus, part of the adjoining auricle of the ear and posterior part of temple. Methods: Variations in the origin of the auriculotemporal nerve have been described by many authors in the past and this prompted the study of the auriculotemporal nerve, its origin and course, in 36 specimens (18 cadaveric heads) in bodies that were allotted for dissection purpose to first year medical students in the department of anatomy in P.E.S Medical College, Kuppam. Results: It was seen that the auriculotemporal nerve had two roots of origin and they formed a loop to enclose the middle meningeal artery in all the 35 specimens except in one side of the cadaveric heads. In only one half of a cadaveric head it was found to arise by three roots which formed two nerve loops. The first and second nerve roots joined with each other to form a nerve loop. The third root joined with the inferior alveolar nerve and formed the second nerve loop. The accessory meningeal artery passed through the second nerve loop. The normal presentation of two roots enclosing the middle meningeal artery was not present. Instead the accessory meningeal artery was enclosed between the third root and the inferior alveolar nerve. The middle meningeal artery entered the skull through the foramen spinosum as usual but was not enclosed by the nerve roots. The trunk of the auriculo temporal nerve was seen between the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar nerve and the study reports the presence of variant nerve loops encircling the accessory meningeal artery. Conclusion: The variations in the roots of auriculotemporal nerve have been reported in the past and since it is important in the clinical implications of the region especially for the facio-maxillary surgeons and dental surgeons. The incidence of variation has to be documented as this helps in updating the clinical database for surgical procedures and treatment in the region of infratemporal fossa.
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Communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar nerve-looping around accessory meningeal artery
Medip Academy, 2015Co-Authors: Shakuntala Nallagatla, Manivannan Karuppan, Gangadhara Muninarayanaswamy, Krishna Raja Rao HolavanahalliAbstract:Background: The auriculotemporal nerve has been described as having two roots in standard textbooks of anatomy. It lies on the tensor veli palatini muscle while passing backwards behind the lateral pterygoid muscle. It runs behind the temporomandibular joint after passing between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of mandible. It ascends over the posterior root of zygoma posterior to superficial temporal vessels. It gives superficial temporal branches and also branches to facial nerve and Otic Ganglion. The branches to the facial nerve join at the posterior border of masseter. On the face the cutaneous branches supply the tragus, part of the adjoining auricle of the ear and posterior part of temple. Methods: Variations in the origin of the auriculotemporal nerve have been described by many authors in the past and this prompted the study of the auriculotemporal nerve, its origin and course, in 36 specimens (18 cadaveric heads) in bodies that were allotted for dissection purpose to first year medical students in the department of anatomy in P.E.S Medical College, Kuppam. Results: It was seen that the auriculotemporal nerve had two roots of origin and they formed a loop to enclose the middle meningeal artery in all the 35 specimens except in one side of the cadaveric heads. In only one half of a cadaveric head it was found to arise by three roots which formed two nerve loops. The first and second nerve roots joined with each other to form a nerve loop. The third root joined with the inferior alveolar nerve and formed the second nerve loop. The accessory meningeal artery passed through the second nerve loop. The normal presentation of two roots enclosing the middle meningeal artery was not present. Instead the accessory meningeal artery was enclosed between the third root and the inferior alveolar nerve. The middle meningeal artery entered the skull through the foramen spinosum as usual but was not enclosed by the nerve roots. The trunk of the auriculo temporal nerve was seen between the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar nerve and the study reports the presence of variant nerve loops encircling the accessory meningeal artery. Conclusion: The variations in the roots of auriculotemporal nerve have been reported in the past and since it is important in the clinical implications of the region especially for the facio-maxillary surgeons and dental surgeons. The incidence of variation has to be documented as this helps in updating the clinical database for surgical procedures and treatment in the region of infratemporal fossa. [Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3(3.000): 626-629
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research article communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar nerve looping around accessory meningeal artery
2015Co-Authors: Shakuntala Nallagatla, Manivannan Karuppan, Gangadhara Muninarayanaswamy, Krishna Raja, Rao HolavanahalliAbstract:Background: The auriculotemporal nerve has been described as having two roots in standard textbooks of anatomy. It lies on the tensor veli palatini muscle while passing backwards behind the lateral pterygoid muscle. It runs behind the temporomandibular joint after passing between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of mandible. It ascends over the posterior root of zygoma posterior to superficial temporal vessels. It gives superficial temporal branches and also branches to facial nerve and Otic Ganglion. The branches to the facial nerve join at the posterior border of masseter. On the face the cutaneous branches supply the tragus, part of the adjoining auricle of the ear and posterior part of temple. Methods: Variations in the origin of the auriculotemporal nerve have been described by many authors in the past and this prompted the study of the auriculotemporal nerve, its origin and course, in 36 specimens (18 cadaveric heads) in bodies that were allotted for dissection purpose to first year medical students in the department of anatomy in P.E.S Medical College, Kuppam. Results: It was seen that the auriculotemporal nerve had two roots of origin and they formed a loop to enclose the middle meningeal artery in all the 35 specimens except in one side of the cadaveric heads. In only one half of a cadaveric head it was found to arise by three roots which formed two nerve loops. The first and second nerve roots joined with each other to form a nerve loop. The third root joined with the inferior alveolar nerve and formed the second nerve loop. The accessory meningeal artery passed through the second nerve loop. The normal presentation of two roots enclosing the middle meningeal artery was not present. Instead the accessory meningeal artery was enclosed between the third root and the inferior alveolar nerve. The middle meningeal artery entered the skull through the foramen spinosum as usual but was not enclosed by the nerve roots. The trunk of the auriculo temporal nerve was seen between the middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar nerve and the study reports the presence of variant nerve loops encircling the accessory meningeal artery. Conclusion: The variations in the roots of auriculotemporal nerve have been reported in the past and since it is important in the clinical implications of the region especially for the facio-maxillary surgeons and dental surgeons. The incidence of variation has to be documented as this helps in updating the clinical database for surgical procedures and treatment in the region of infratemporal fossa.
