Oxyopidae

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Adalberto J Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the jumping lynx spider oxyopes salticus hentz 1845 and its neotropical relatives araneae Oxyopidae
    Zootaxa, 2017
    Co-Authors: Adalberto J Santos
    Abstract:

    The spider genus Oxyopes Latreille occurs throughout the world, but is insufficiently known in South America and the Caribbean. In this study, three apparently related species of this genus are reported from the region. Oxyopes salticus Hentz, 1845 is redescribed and illustrated, and extreme variation in colour pattern and in female genitalia is reported within this species. Oxyopes m-fasciatus Piza, 1938 and Oxyopes nigrolineatus Mello-Leitao, 1941 are both considered junior synonyms of O. salticus . The material examined in this study, together with information from the literature, show this species is widely distributed throughout the continental Americas and the Caribbean. Oxyopes crewi Bryant, 1948 is redescribed and illustrated, and its geographic distribution is extended to Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Saint Kitts. A new species, Oxyopes incantatus sp. nov., is described and illustrated for the first time based on specimens from the Galapagos Islands.

  • figure 1 in the jumping lynx spider oxyopes salticus hentz 1845 and its neotropical relatives araneae Oxyopidae
    2017
    Co-Authors: Adalberto J Santos
    Abstract:

    FIGURE 1. Oxyopes salticus Hentz, specimens photographed on backyard plants in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). A male, note the carapace colour pattern and the shiny opisthosoma; B female, note the colour pattern, particularly the black stripe on clypeus and chelicerae; C female feeding on a caterpillar, note the dorsal colour pattern; D female inside shelter, guarding the egg sac fixed to the leaf surface. All photos from Marina D. Miranda.

  • associations of spiders of the genus peucetia Oxyopidae with plants bearing glandular hairs
    Biotropica, 2007
    Co-Authors: Joao Vasconcellosneto, Gustavo Q Romero, Adalberto J Santos, Ansie S Dippenaarschoeman
    Abstract:

    Two common South American species of lynx spiders, Peucetia rubrolineata and P. flava (Oxyopidae), were surveyed on three localities in southeastern Brazil to determine plant choice. Both species were found to be associated with plants bearing glandular trichomes. A literature review and complementary data show that ten Peucetia species are associated with up to 55 plant species bearing glandular trichomes in at least 20 distinct vegetation types (phytophysiognomies) in more than 36 localities in the Neotropical, Neartic, Afrotropical, and Paleartic regions. The main plant families used by the spiders were Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Melastomataceae. The specialization of the Peucetia species for plants bearing glandular trichomes may have evolved because insects adhered to these sticky structures may be used as prey by the spiders.

  • a revision of the neotropical species of the lynx spider genus peucetia thorell 1869 araneae Oxyopidae
    Insect Systematics & Evolution, 2003
    Co-Authors: Adalberto J Santos, Antonio D Brescovit
    Abstract:

    The spider genus Peucetia includes 54 species of medium-sized and widely distributed spiders. The majority of its species occurs in the tropical regions, of which only the African fauna has been recently revised. In the Neotropical Region 26 species were described, of which 17 are here synonymyzed. Peucetia tranquillini Mello-Leitao 1922, P. rubrigastra Mello-Leitao 1929, P. meridionalis Mello-Leitao 1929, P. villosa Mello-Leitao 1929, and P. viridisternis Mello-Leitao 1945 are considered junior synonyms of P. flava Keyserling 1877. Eight names, Peucetia similis Keyserling 1877, P. amazonica Mello-Leitao 1929, P. heterochroma Mello-Leitao 1929, P. maculipedes Piza 1938, P. trivittata Mello-Leitao 1940, P. duplovittata Mello-Leitao 1941, and P. roseonigra Mello-Leitao 1943 and Tapinillus argentinus Mello-Leitao 1941 are considered junior synonyms of P. rubrolineata Keyserling 1877. Both senior species are extremelly common, occurring from Colombia to northern Argentina. Peucetia macroglossa Mello-Leitao 1929, recorded only from Central Brazilian Amazonia and Guyana is considered a senior synonym of P. melloleitaoi Caporiacco 1947. Two species occur from Southern USA to northern Colombia: Peucetia viridans (Hentz 1832) and P. longipalpis F. O. P.-Cambridge 1902. The former is recognized as a senior synonym of P. poeyi (Lucas 1857), P. bibranchiata F. O. P.- 1902 and P. rubricapilla Petrunkevitch 1925 and the later as a senior synonym of P. cauca Lourenco 1990. Peucetia viridis (Blackwall 1858), known from Africa, southern Spain and Middle East is newly recorded from the West Indies. One new species, Peucetia cayapa sp. n., is described and illustrated based on males and females from Ecuador and Peru. Peucetia caldensis Garcia-Neto 1989, from Brazil, is transferred to Tapinillus Simon 1898. The type specimens of three species, P. quadrilineata Simon 1891 and P. thalassina (C. L. Koch 1847) from Central America, and P. smaragdina Mello-Leitao 1941 from Colombia are probably lost. Since their original descriptions are not sufficiently clear for their recognition, they are considered nomina dubia.

Bruce E Felgenhauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative morphology of the australian lynx spiders of the genus oxyopes araneae Oxyopidae
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer, Judy F Grimshaw
    Abstract:

    We examined the morphology of the genitalia and cuticular scales of eight species of Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes and compared them with those of representative species from Africa, Asia and North America. Our results indicate that the eight species examined are representative of two distinct species groups of Oxyopes in Australia. The first group consists ofO. amoenus, O. dingo, O. gracilipes, O. molarius, O. rubicundus, and O. variabilis. The evolutionary origin of these spiders is difficult to discern as they share multiple genitalic characters with African and Asian taxa. However, these six species display two characters, leg scales and internal cuticular elements in the opisthosomal scales, that are exhibited by African, but not Asian, taxa. The second group consists of Oxyopes macilentus and O. papuanis. These taxa exhibit many of the same morphological features, exhibited by Asian, but not African, species.

  • phylogenetic significance of the morphology of the cuticular scales of the lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae
    Journal of Zoology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    In spiders, cuticular scales are flattened, hollow setae that occur in a variety of shapes and colours. Using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we examine and provide descriptions of the external and internal anatomy of prosomal and opisthosomal scales of 70 species of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae), representing the genera Hamataliwa, Hostus, Oxyopes, Peucetia, Schaenicoscelis, Tapinillus, and Tapponia. The cuticular scales of these taxa exhibit regional (with respect to location on the body), sexual, inter- and intrageneric variation in external and internal morphology. In the genera, Peucetia, Schaenicoscelis, and Tapinillus, cuticular scales are plumose and only occur on the prosoma. Species of the genera Hamataliwa and Tapponia, have lanceolate scales that occur on the prosoma, legs, and opisthosoma. Hostus has spatulate scales in these areas. In the genus Oxyopes, most species have lanceolate scales on the prosoma and spatulate scales on the legs and opisthosoma. Examinations of the genitalia of 82 species of lynx spiders, revealed a strong correlation between genitalic morphology and scale shape and distribution.

  • variation in cuticular scales of the lynx spiders of the genus hamataliwa and other genera araneae Oxyopidae
    Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    On trouvera ici la description complete de la morphologie interne et externe des ecailles cuticulaires des araignees du genre Hamataliwa ainsi que le resultat inedit de l'examen de la variation intragenerique de la morphologie des ecailles chez les Oxyopidae. Les ecailles cuticulaires de neuf especes, notamment des especes d'Australie, d'Amerique centrale et d'Amerique du nord, ont ete examinees par microscopie electronique a balayage, par sculpture dans la paraffine et par microscopie electronique ordinaire (montage d'araignees entieres seulement). Nous avons constate l'existence de variations intraspecifiques et interspecifiques considerables dans la morphologie de la surface et l'anatomie interne des ecailles. Les structures les plus variables sont (i) les plicas, petites cretes laterales presentes sur la surface dorsale, variables par leur morphologie et leur disposition, et (ii) les elements cuticulaires en forme de baguettes ramifiees qui se trouvent dans la lumiere et dont l'arrangement varie considerablement. La morphologie des ecailles varie aussi selon l'endroit du corps chez la plupart des especes. La comparaison des ecailles d'Hamataliwa spp. avec celles d' Oxyopes salticus et de Peucetia viridens, indique que les ecailles peuvent etre un caractere phylogenique tres utile pour comprendre les relations entre les genres et entre les especes d'un meme genre chez les Oxyopidae.

  • ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae and jumping spiders araneae salticidae
    Journal of Morphology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    The cuticular scales of spiders are flattened setae that may occur in a diverse array of colors and shapes on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the prosoma, opisthosoma, and walking legs. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (of both sections and wholemounts) and scanning electron microscopy (in concert with paraffin carving) to examine the internal anatomy and ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of several species of lynx spiders (Oxyopidae) and jumping spiders (Salticidae). We also examined iridescent and noniridescent pigmented scales for species in both families. In addition to discovering intra- and interspecific and sexual differences in scale ultrastructure, the results of our research also indicate that the ultrastructure of the scales of these spiders varies directly with coloration. For iridescent scales, we found a general absence of trabeculae, a lack of pigment granules, and an almost complete fusion of the the upper and lower laminae. For noniridescent scales, we observed granules, well-formed trabeculae, and a complex internal structure consisting of internal elements within the lumen of the scale. Our examination of the scales of these spiders represents the first complete description of the ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of any species of spider. J. Morphol. 240:77–92, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • the cuticular scales of lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae
    Journal of Morphology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    An examination of the cuticular scales of the lynx spiders Oxyopes aglossus, O. salticus, and Peucetia viridans using scanning electron microscopy revealed that scales in these spiders are morphologically distinct, yet similar to the scales of the jumping spiders Eris militaris and Hentzia mitrata. Like the cuticular scales of jumping spiders, the cuticular scales of lynx spiders exhibit morphological differentiation in regard to location of occurrence on the body, with scales near the eyes tending to have more numerous and larger spines on the superior surface than scales on other regions of the prosoma and opisthosoma. The functional significance of this differentiation in scale morphology is unknown. Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic variation in scale morphology and color were observed in the genus Oxyopes,but not in Peucetia. In addition, the scales of P. viridans were distinguishable from the scales of Oxyopes spp. on the basis of the number of apical spines (1 in P. viridans instead of 3–7 in Oxyopesspp.) and on the presence of spines on the inferior surface (many in P. viridans and none in Oxyopesspp.). J. Morphol. 236:223-231, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Hakan Demir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

A V Sudhikumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biocontrol potential of oxyopes chittrae tikader araneae Oxyopidae on three lepidopteran pests of cotton
    Journal of Biological Control, 2010
    Co-Authors: P A Sebastian, A V Sudhikumar
    Abstract:

    Biocontrol potential of Oxyopes chittrae Tikader (Araneae: Oxyopidae) on three lepidopteran pests of cotton was studied in the laboratory during the years 1999-2001. Early instars of insect pests were only taken to assess the feeding potential. The rate of predation was found "'arying among the life stages and sexes. Adult females consumed more prey than any other stage. It consumed an average of 19.08±11.01, 4.61±1.03 and 4.08±O.9 numbers of bollworms, borers, and loopers_ The different life stages of Oxyopes chittrae showed a high degree of  variation in feeding potential and maximum variation was with bollworm and minilllunl with looper. The prey preference was in the order bollworm> borer> looper.

  • reproductive behaviour and biology of oxyopes chittrae tikader araneae Oxyopidae occurring on cotton
    Zoos' Print Journal, 2004
    Co-Authors: P A Sebastian, A V Sudhikumar, Samson Davis
    Abstract:

    The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the reproductive behaviour and biology of the Lynx Spider, Oxyopes chittrae Tikader found in cotton agroecosystems. The spider made a circular sperm web for sperm induction. A peculiar type of courtship behavior was exhibited. Mating lasted for 20-30 minutes. The female prepared 2-5 cocoons with an average of 3.5 cocoons in one season. The cocoon was lenticular in shape and attached to a twig or a leaf in a safe place. The female was found to take care of the eggs by sitting over them. Higher numbers of eggs were found in the first cocoon and the number decreased in the successive cocoons. Each cocoon contained an average of 25 eggs. The male took nine moults and the female 10 moults to mature. Male and female take an average of 194.28 ±5.51 and 269.63 ±7.68 days respectively for complete development. The total life span of the male was 287.18 ± 3.46 days and the female was 396.03 ± 2.87 days. The total length attained by male and female was 7.54 ±1.94mm and 7.84 ±2.37mm, respectively.

Victor R Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative morphology of the australian lynx spiders of the genus oxyopes araneae Oxyopidae
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer, Judy F Grimshaw
    Abstract:

    We examined the morphology of the genitalia and cuticular scales of eight species of Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes and compared them with those of representative species from Africa, Asia and North America. Our results indicate that the eight species examined are representative of two distinct species groups of Oxyopes in Australia. The first group consists ofO. amoenus, O. dingo, O. gracilipes, O. molarius, O. rubicundus, and O. variabilis. The evolutionary origin of these spiders is difficult to discern as they share multiple genitalic characters with African and Asian taxa. However, these six species display two characters, leg scales and internal cuticular elements in the opisthosomal scales, that are exhibited by African, but not Asian, taxa. The second group consists of Oxyopes macilentus and O. papuanis. These taxa exhibit many of the same morphological features, exhibited by Asian, but not African, species.

  • phylogenetic significance of the morphology of the cuticular scales of the lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae
    Journal of Zoology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    In spiders, cuticular scales are flattened, hollow setae that occur in a variety of shapes and colours. Using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we examine and provide descriptions of the external and internal anatomy of prosomal and opisthosomal scales of 70 species of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae), representing the genera Hamataliwa, Hostus, Oxyopes, Peucetia, Schaenicoscelis, Tapinillus, and Tapponia. The cuticular scales of these taxa exhibit regional (with respect to location on the body), sexual, inter- and intrageneric variation in external and internal morphology. In the genera, Peucetia, Schaenicoscelis, and Tapinillus, cuticular scales are plumose and only occur on the prosoma. Species of the genera Hamataliwa and Tapponia, have lanceolate scales that occur on the prosoma, legs, and opisthosoma. Hostus has spatulate scales in these areas. In the genus Oxyopes, most species have lanceolate scales on the prosoma and spatulate scales on the legs and opisthosoma. Examinations of the genitalia of 82 species of lynx spiders, revealed a strong correlation between genitalic morphology and scale shape and distribution.

  • variation in cuticular scales of the lynx spiders of the genus hamataliwa and other genera araneae Oxyopidae
    Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    On trouvera ici la description complete de la morphologie interne et externe des ecailles cuticulaires des araignees du genre Hamataliwa ainsi que le resultat inedit de l'examen de la variation intragenerique de la morphologie des ecailles chez les Oxyopidae. Les ecailles cuticulaires de neuf especes, notamment des especes d'Australie, d'Amerique centrale et d'Amerique du nord, ont ete examinees par microscopie electronique a balayage, par sculpture dans la paraffine et par microscopie electronique ordinaire (montage d'araignees entieres seulement). Nous avons constate l'existence de variations intraspecifiques et interspecifiques considerables dans la morphologie de la surface et l'anatomie interne des ecailles. Les structures les plus variables sont (i) les plicas, petites cretes laterales presentes sur la surface dorsale, variables par leur morphologie et leur disposition, et (ii) les elements cuticulaires en forme de baguettes ramifiees qui se trouvent dans la lumiere et dont l'arrangement varie considerablement. La morphologie des ecailles varie aussi selon l'endroit du corps chez la plupart des especes. La comparaison des ecailles d'Hamataliwa spp. avec celles d' Oxyopes salticus et de Peucetia viridens, indique que les ecailles peuvent etre un caractere phylogenique tres utile pour comprendre les relations entre les genres et entre les especes d'un meme genre chez les Oxyopidae.

  • ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae and jumping spiders araneae salticidae
    Journal of Morphology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    The cuticular scales of spiders are flattened setae that may occur in a diverse array of colors and shapes on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the prosoma, opisthosoma, and walking legs. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (of both sections and wholemounts) and scanning electron microscopy (in concert with paraffin carving) to examine the internal anatomy and ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of several species of lynx spiders (Oxyopidae) and jumping spiders (Salticidae). We also examined iridescent and noniridescent pigmented scales for species in both families. In addition to discovering intra- and interspecific and sexual differences in scale ultrastructure, the results of our research also indicate that the ultrastructure of the scales of these spiders varies directly with coloration. For iridescent scales, we found a general absence of trabeculae, a lack of pigment granules, and an almost complete fusion of the the upper and lower laminae. For noniridescent scales, we observed granules, well-formed trabeculae, and a complex internal structure consisting of internal elements within the lumen of the scale. Our examination of the scales of these spiders represents the first complete description of the ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of any species of spider. J. Morphol. 240:77–92, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • the cuticular scales of lynx spiders araneae Oxyopidae
    Journal of Morphology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Victor R Townsend, Bruce E Felgenhauer
    Abstract:

    An examination of the cuticular scales of the lynx spiders Oxyopes aglossus, O. salticus, and Peucetia viridans using scanning electron microscopy revealed that scales in these spiders are morphologically distinct, yet similar to the scales of the jumping spiders Eris militaris and Hentzia mitrata. Like the cuticular scales of jumping spiders, the cuticular scales of lynx spiders exhibit morphological differentiation in regard to location of occurrence on the body, with scales near the eyes tending to have more numerous and larger spines on the superior surface than scales on other regions of the prosoma and opisthosoma. The functional significance of this differentiation in scale morphology is unknown. Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic variation in scale morphology and color were observed in the genus Oxyopes,but not in Peucetia. In addition, the scales of P. viridans were distinguishable from the scales of Oxyopes spp. on the basis of the number of apical spines (1 in P. viridans instead of 3–7 in Oxyopesspp.) and on the presence of spines on the inferior surface (many in P. viridans and none in Oxyopesspp.). J. Morphol. 236:223-231, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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