The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wei He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of fluid flow and Packing Factor on energy performance of a wall mounted hybrid photovoltaic water heating collector system
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Jie Ji, T T Chow, Hua Yi, Jianping Lu, Wei HeAbstract:Abstract Facade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology is a relatively new concept in improving the overall energy performance of PV installations in buildings. With the use of wall-mounted water-type PV/T collectors, the system not only generates electricity and hot water simultaneously, but also improves the thermal insulation of the building envelope. A numerical model of this hybrid system was developed by modifying the Hottel–Whillier model, which was originally for the thermal analysis of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the system performance. The combined effects of the solar cell Packing Factor and the water mass flow rate on the thermal and electrical efficiencies were investigated. The simulation results indicated that an optimum water mass flow rate existed in the system through which the desirable integrated energy performance can be achieved.
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Effect of fluid flow and Packing Factor on energy performance of a wall-mounted hybrid photovoltaic/water-heating collector system
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Jie Ji, Jun Han, T T Chow, Hua Yi, Jianping Lu, Wei He, Wei SunAbstract:Façade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology is a relatively new concept in improving the overall energy performance of PV installations in buildings. With the use of wall-mounted water-type PV/T collectors, the system not only generates electricity and hot water simultaneously, but also improves the thermal insulation of the building envelope. A numerical model of this hybrid system was developed by modifying the Hottel–Whillier model, which was originally for the thermal analysis of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the system performance. The combined effects of the solar cell Packing Factor and the water mass flow rate on the thermal and electrical efficiencies were investigated. The simulation results indicated that an optimum water mass flow rate existed in the system through which the desirable integrated energy performance can be achieved.
Jie Ji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of fluid flow and Packing Factor on energy performance of a wall mounted hybrid photovoltaic water heating collector system
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Jie Ji, T T Chow, Hua Yi, Jianping Lu, Wei HeAbstract:Abstract Facade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology is a relatively new concept in improving the overall energy performance of PV installations in buildings. With the use of wall-mounted water-type PV/T collectors, the system not only generates electricity and hot water simultaneously, but also improves the thermal insulation of the building envelope. A numerical model of this hybrid system was developed by modifying the Hottel–Whillier model, which was originally for the thermal analysis of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the system performance. The combined effects of the solar cell Packing Factor and the water mass flow rate on the thermal and electrical efficiencies were investigated. The simulation results indicated that an optimum water mass flow rate existed in the system through which the desirable integrated energy performance can be achieved.
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Effect of fluid flow and Packing Factor on energy performance of a wall-mounted hybrid photovoltaic/water-heating collector system
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Jie Ji, Jun Han, T T Chow, Hua Yi, Jianping Lu, Wei He, Wei SunAbstract:Façade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology is a relatively new concept in improving the overall energy performance of PV installations in buildings. With the use of wall-mounted water-type PV/T collectors, the system not only generates electricity and hot water simultaneously, but also improves the thermal insulation of the building envelope. A numerical model of this hybrid system was developed by modifying the Hottel–Whillier model, which was originally for the thermal analysis of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the system performance. The combined effects of the solar cell Packing Factor and the water mass flow rate on the thermal and electrical efficiencies were investigated. The simulation results indicated that an optimum water mass flow rate existed in the system through which the desirable integrated energy performance can be achieved.
Jia-hong Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of film thickness and Ti interlayer on the structure and properties of nanocrystalline TiN thin films on AISI D2 steel
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jia-hong Huang, Fan-yi Ouyang, Ge-ping YuAbstract:Nanocrystalline TiN thin films were deposited on AISI D2 steel substrates using unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering method. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TiN film thickness and Ti interlayer thickness on the N/Ti ratio, structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films. The results showed that (111) was the dominant preferred orientation in the TiN films, which became less distinct for the specimen with Ti interlayer. Roughness and grain size of the TiN films were only slightly dependent on the film thickness. The Packing Factor was almost constant with film thickness and even the thinnest TiN coating, 140 nm, reached a quite high Packing Factor of 0.8. The nanohardness of the films, ranging from 21–26 GPa, did not show significant dependence on film thickness. All specimens contained compressive residual stresses, and decreased with increasing TiN film thickness. In the specimens with Ti interlayer, there was a critical interlayer thickness, between 130 and 180 nm, at which the residual stress in the TiN films could be substantially relieved. The results of potentiodynamic scan in both 5% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4+0.05 M KSCN solutions indicated that Packing Factor was more effective than film thickness on the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Furthermore, increasing film thickness or adding a Ti interlayer could effectively protect the substrate from the corrosive medium, if the Packing Factor was sufficiently high. The increase of interlayer thickness may also increase the corrosion resistance of the film. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Effect of film thickness and Ti interlayer on the structure and properties of nanocrystalline TiN thin films on AISI D2 steel
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jia-hong Huang, Fan-yi Ouyang, Ge-ping YuAbstract:[[abstract]]Nanocrystalline TiN thin films were deposited on AISI D2 steel substrates using unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering method. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TiN film thickness and Ti interlayer thickness on the N/Ti ratio, structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films. The results showed that (111) was the dominant preferred orientation in the TiN films, which became less distinct for the specimen with Ti interlayer. Roughness and grain size of the TiN films were only slightly dependent on the film thickness. The Packing Factor was almost constant with film thickness and even the thinnest TiN coating, 140 nm, reached a quite high Packing Factor of 0.8. The nanohardness of the films, ranging from 21-26 GPa, did not show significant dependence on film thickness. All specimens contained compressive residual stresses, and decreased with increasing TiN film thickness. In the specimens with Ti interlayer, there was a critical interlayer thickness, between 130 and 180 run, at which the residual stress in the TiN films could be substantially relieved. The results of potentiodynamic scan in both 5% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4+0.05 M KSCN solutions indicated that Packing Factor was more effective than film thickness on the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Furthermore, increasing film thickness or adding a Ti interlayer could effectively protect the substrate from the corrosive medium, if the Packing Factor was sufficiently high. The increase of interlayer thickness may also increase the corrosion resistance of the film.[[fileno]]2060134010077[[department]]工程與系統科學
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Bias effect of ion-plated zirconium nitride film on Si(100)
Thin Solid Films, 2002Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:Abstract Zirconium nitride (ZrN) films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using the hollow cathode ion-plated (HCD-IP) technique. The deposition conditions were designed to deposit stoichiometric ZrN films, and the thickness of the film was also controlled. The substrate bias was selected as the controlling parameter ranging from floating to −300 V. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bias on the structure and properties of ZrN film. The results showed that (111) orientation was the dominant preferred orientation in ZrN films deposited at the bias voltage ranging from 0 to −250 V. The (220) orientation became the preferred orientation for ZrN films deposited at bias voltage of −300 V. Hardness values of ZrN film ranged from 22∼32 GPa. The optimum condition of the negative substrate bias was close to 50 V. At this condition, the specimen showed the lowest resistivity of 56 μΩ cm, the highest Packing Factor of 0.99, the lowest roughness of 0.66 nm, the highest brilliance of 87.2, and a relatively high hardness of 30.63 GPa. Resistivity increased with increasing bias and with decreasing Packing Factor. The brilliance increased linearly with increasing Packing Factor. The relationships between ZrN film properties and bias were successfully developed.
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Bias effect of ion-plated zirconium nitride film on Si(100)
Thin Solid Films, 2002Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:[[abstract]]Zirconium nitride (ZrN) films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using the hollow cathode ion-plated (HCD-IP) technique. The deposition conditions were designed to deposit stoichiometric ZrN films, and the thickness of the film was also controlled. The substrate bias was selected as the controlling parameter ranging from floating to -300 V. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bias on the structure and properties of ZrN film. The results showed that (111) orientation was the dominant preferred orientation in ZrN films deposited at the bias voltage ranging from 0 to -250 V. The (220) orientation became the preferred orientation for ZrN films deposited at bias voltage of -300 V. Hardness values of ZrN film ranged from 22 [similar to] 32 GPa. The optimum condition of the negative substrate bias was close to 50 V. At this condition, the specimen showed the lowest resistivity of 56 μΩ cm, the highest Packing Factor of 0.99, the lowest roughness of 0.66 nm, the highest brilliance of 87.2, and a relatively high hardness of 30.63 GPa. Resistivity increased with increasing bias and with decreasing Packing Factor. The brilliance increased linearly with increasing Packing Factor. The relationships between ZrN film properties and bias were successfully developed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.[[fileno]]2060108010001[[department]]工程與系統科學
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Corrosion behavior of TiN-coated 304 stainless steel
Corrosion Science, 2001Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:Abstract Titanium nitride (TiN) was deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel using a hollow cathode discharge ion-plating technique. Corrosion behavior of the TiN-coated stainless steel was studied on the specimens with controlling TiN film thickness. The composition depth profiles of TiN films were determined using a secondary ion mass spectrometer. The N/Ti ratios were measured using both X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and Rutherford backscattering spectrometer (RBS). From the results of RBS, Packing Factors of the TiN films can be obtained. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by standard salt spray test, and by potentiodynamic polarization scan of the specimens in two kinds of solutions, 5% NaCl and 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN, respectively. The surface morphology of the specimens after corrosion tests was observed using both FEG-SEM and optical microscope. The corrosion resistance was correlated to film thickness, Packing Factor, and thickness×Packing Factor. There is a good agreement between the results of salt spray tests and potentiodynamic polarization scans. In the case of 5% NaCl solution, the critical thickness is about 0.7 μm, while in 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN, the critical thickness is about 0.3 μm. As the film thickness was smaller than the critical thickness, the corrosion current increased abruptly. It is also found that when the value of thickness×Packing Factor >0.6, there is only minor increase in corrosion resistance for the TiN-coated specimen in 5% NaCl solution. This index becomes 0.3 for specimen in 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN.
G N Tiwari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exergetic Performance Assessment of Optimally Inclined BIPV Thermal System by Considering Cyclic Nature of Insolation
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-transactions of The Asme, 2020Co-Authors: Somil Yadav, Sarat Kumar Panda, Caroline Hachem-vermette, G N TiwariAbstract:Abstract The structural and architectural elements of building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) systems are made up of PV modules and these are required to be fixed at optimum inclination angle for generating maximum exergy. This work presents an attempt to determine the amount of exergy generated by an optimally inclined double-storied BIPV thermal system by considering the actual cyclic nature of insolation, surrounding air temperature, PV cell temperature, intermediate slab temperature and the chamber temperature. The insolation value, which is computed by an anisotropic sky model along with these cyclic variables, is used for solving the set of governing differential equations for evaluating the exergy of the system. Other influencing parameters of the BIPV thermal systems such as air changes in both chambers, Packing Factor of PV module, the orientation of PV module and thickness of the intermediate slab are considered for finding its effect on the total exergy of the system. Numerical results show that for Packing Factor more than 0.6, there is no significant change in total heat exergy with respect to inclination angle. For Packing Factor more than 0.3, the generation of electrical exergy exceeds the heat exergy, and the overall exergy of BIPVT system decreases with rise in Packing Factor (βm) up to 0.3 and then rises non-linearly.
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Effect of shape of condensing cover on energy and exergy analysis of a PVT-CPC active solar distillation system
Solar Energy, 2020Co-Authors: G N Tiwari, A.k. Mishra, Meraj, A. Ahmad, Mohammad Emran KhanAbstract:Abstract In this work, an analytical expressions of various temperatures namely, water and condensing cover temperatures, yield and electrical power output of PVT-CPC active solar distillation system have been derived. These expressions depend on basic energy balance equations of the proposed system. Effect of inclination of condensing cover (θ), Packing Factor ( β c ) and mass flow rate ( m f ) on hourly yield have been studied in brief in terms of overall thermal energy and exergy. The present thermal model for passive conical solar still has also been validated with the experimental results of Gad et al. (2015) for a given design parameters. Special cases of the proposed system have also been carried out. It has been found that the yield increases with an increase in inclination of conical shape of condensing cover for a given mass flow rate due to an increase in heat losses from condensing cover to the ambient air. Further, the yield also increases with the decrease in Packing Factor for a given mass flow rate as per our expectation.
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thermal and electrical performance evaluation of photo voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator integrated fixed dome biogas plant
Renewable Energy, 2020Co-Authors: A K Singh, Raghvendra Singh, G N TiwariAbstract:Abstract Based on energy balance equation for photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated bio-gas plant, an analytical expression for slurry, absorber plate and solar cell temperature has been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Effect of number of PVT-CPC collectors, Packing Factor, mass flow rate, etc. on optimum slurry temperature for Indian climatic condition has been studied. Further, the thermal and electrical analysis of proposed system has also been carried out. Based on numerical computation for cold climatic condition of Srinagar, India, and for given mass flow rate in collector loop, the slurry temperature increases significantly with increasing in number of collectors as expected. Packing Factor of photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) system plays an important role in optimization of thermal and electrical power output for efficient operation of biogas plant.
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effect of Packing Factor on electrical and overall energy generation through low concentrated photovoltaic thermal collector in composite climate condition
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020Co-Authors: T S Bhatti, Rohit Tripathi, G N TiwariAbstract:Abstract In present research paper, one attempt has been carried out to show the performance of photovoltaic thermal collector with the effect of Packing Factor. Earlier many studies has been investigated on photovoltaic thermal collector design, parameters, climate and weather condition, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analysis. But here, effect of Packing Factor has been shown in results and it is concluded, electrical and overall exergy increases when Packing Factor increases, and, thermal energy and overall energy increases when Packing Factor decreases. Now according to demand of electrical and thermal energy, this Packing Factor can be optimized with collector size. In present study, the most suitable Packing Factor has been optimized as 0.5 where, collector area is 1 m2. At this value of Packing Factor, the maximum outlet water temperature with flow rate 0.01 kg/s has been observed 45 0C in a clear day, month of January at New Delhi. The maximum daily electrical, thermal, overall exergy gain have been obtained as 3.97, 1.86 and 5.83 kWh, respectively.
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Packing Factor effects on the performance of photovoltaic module for a given module area
Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power Energy and Controls with their impact on Humanity, 2018Co-Authors: Emran M Khan, G N TiwariAbstract:In this paper, an effort has been performed to investigate the influence of Packing Factor (β c ) on the performance of a fully covered semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) module having 2.1 m2 module areas. Based on the basic energy balance equation, the mathematical expressions for temperature of solar cell and electrical efficiency of solar cell have been derived in the terms of design and climatic parameters. The performance parameters of PV module, namely, temperature of solar cells, electrical efficiency of solar cells and module, electrical power and overall electrical energy output have been calculated at different values of Packing Factor. The numerical computations have been accomplished by using MATLAB R2015a. The analyses have been performed by taking different values of Packing Factor such as 0.89, 0.75, 0.50 and 0.25. From results and discussion, it has been procured that (a) the solar cell electrical efficiency increases and the module efficiency decrease with the decrease in Packing Factor and (b) the electrical power output of photovoltaic module decreases with the decrease in Packing Factor. It is also concluded that low Packing Factor of fully covered semi-transparent PV module is most suitable for designing of the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system.
Ge-ping Yu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of film thickness and Ti interlayer on the structure and properties of nanocrystalline TiN thin films on AISI D2 steel
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jia-hong Huang, Fan-yi Ouyang, Ge-ping YuAbstract:Nanocrystalline TiN thin films were deposited on AISI D2 steel substrates using unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering method. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TiN film thickness and Ti interlayer thickness on the N/Ti ratio, structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films. The results showed that (111) was the dominant preferred orientation in the TiN films, which became less distinct for the specimen with Ti interlayer. Roughness and grain size of the TiN films were only slightly dependent on the film thickness. The Packing Factor was almost constant with film thickness and even the thinnest TiN coating, 140 nm, reached a quite high Packing Factor of 0.8. The nanohardness of the films, ranging from 21–26 GPa, did not show significant dependence on film thickness. All specimens contained compressive residual stresses, and decreased with increasing TiN film thickness. In the specimens with Ti interlayer, there was a critical interlayer thickness, between 130 and 180 nm, at which the residual stress in the TiN films could be substantially relieved. The results of potentiodynamic scan in both 5% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4+0.05 M KSCN solutions indicated that Packing Factor was more effective than film thickness on the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Furthermore, increasing film thickness or adding a Ti interlayer could effectively protect the substrate from the corrosive medium, if the Packing Factor was sufficiently high. The increase of interlayer thickness may also increase the corrosion resistance of the film. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Effect of film thickness and Ti interlayer on the structure and properties of nanocrystalline TiN thin films on AISI D2 steel
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jia-hong Huang, Fan-yi Ouyang, Ge-ping YuAbstract:[[abstract]]Nanocrystalline TiN thin films were deposited on AISI D2 steel substrates using unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering method. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TiN film thickness and Ti interlayer thickness on the N/Ti ratio, structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films. The results showed that (111) was the dominant preferred orientation in the TiN films, which became less distinct for the specimen with Ti interlayer. Roughness and grain size of the TiN films were only slightly dependent on the film thickness. The Packing Factor was almost constant with film thickness and even the thinnest TiN coating, 140 nm, reached a quite high Packing Factor of 0.8. The nanohardness of the films, ranging from 21-26 GPa, did not show significant dependence on film thickness. All specimens contained compressive residual stresses, and decreased with increasing TiN film thickness. In the specimens with Ti interlayer, there was a critical interlayer thickness, between 130 and 180 run, at which the residual stress in the TiN films could be substantially relieved. The results of potentiodynamic scan in both 5% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4+0.05 M KSCN solutions indicated that Packing Factor was more effective than film thickness on the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Furthermore, increasing film thickness or adding a Ti interlayer could effectively protect the substrate from the corrosive medium, if the Packing Factor was sufficiently high. The increase of interlayer thickness may also increase the corrosion resistance of the film.[[fileno]]2060134010077[[department]]工程與系統科學
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Bias effect of ion-plated zirconium nitride film on Si(100)
Thin Solid Films, 2002Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:Abstract Zirconium nitride (ZrN) films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using the hollow cathode ion-plated (HCD-IP) technique. The deposition conditions were designed to deposit stoichiometric ZrN films, and the thickness of the film was also controlled. The substrate bias was selected as the controlling parameter ranging from floating to −300 V. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bias on the structure and properties of ZrN film. The results showed that (111) orientation was the dominant preferred orientation in ZrN films deposited at the bias voltage ranging from 0 to −250 V. The (220) orientation became the preferred orientation for ZrN films deposited at bias voltage of −300 V. Hardness values of ZrN film ranged from 22∼32 GPa. The optimum condition of the negative substrate bias was close to 50 V. At this condition, the specimen showed the lowest resistivity of 56 μΩ cm, the highest Packing Factor of 0.99, the lowest roughness of 0.66 nm, the highest brilliance of 87.2, and a relatively high hardness of 30.63 GPa. Resistivity increased with increasing bias and with decreasing Packing Factor. The brilliance increased linearly with increasing Packing Factor. The relationships between ZrN film properties and bias were successfully developed.
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Bias effect of ion-plated zirconium nitride film on Si(100)
Thin Solid Films, 2002Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:[[abstract]]Zirconium nitride (ZrN) films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using the hollow cathode ion-plated (HCD-IP) technique. The deposition conditions were designed to deposit stoichiometric ZrN films, and the thickness of the film was also controlled. The substrate bias was selected as the controlling parameter ranging from floating to -300 V. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bias on the structure and properties of ZrN film. The results showed that (111) orientation was the dominant preferred orientation in ZrN films deposited at the bias voltage ranging from 0 to -250 V. The (220) orientation became the preferred orientation for ZrN films deposited at bias voltage of -300 V. Hardness values of ZrN film ranged from 22 [similar to] 32 GPa. The optimum condition of the negative substrate bias was close to 50 V. At this condition, the specimen showed the lowest resistivity of 56 μΩ cm, the highest Packing Factor of 0.99, the lowest roughness of 0.66 nm, the highest brilliance of 87.2, and a relatively high hardness of 30.63 GPa. Resistivity increased with increasing bias and with decreasing Packing Factor. The brilliance increased linearly with increasing Packing Factor. The relationships between ZrN film properties and bias were successfully developed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.[[fileno]]2060108010001[[department]]工程與系統科學
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Corrosion behavior of TiN-coated 304 stainless steel
Corrosion Science, 2001Co-Authors: Wen-jun Chou, Ge-ping Yu, Jia-hong HuangAbstract:Abstract Titanium nitride (TiN) was deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel using a hollow cathode discharge ion-plating technique. Corrosion behavior of the TiN-coated stainless steel was studied on the specimens with controlling TiN film thickness. The composition depth profiles of TiN films were determined using a secondary ion mass spectrometer. The N/Ti ratios were measured using both X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and Rutherford backscattering spectrometer (RBS). From the results of RBS, Packing Factors of the TiN films can be obtained. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by standard salt spray test, and by potentiodynamic polarization scan of the specimens in two kinds of solutions, 5% NaCl and 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN, respectively. The surface morphology of the specimens after corrosion tests was observed using both FEG-SEM and optical microscope. The corrosion resistance was correlated to film thickness, Packing Factor, and thickness×Packing Factor. There is a good agreement between the results of salt spray tests and potentiodynamic polarization scans. In the case of 5% NaCl solution, the critical thickness is about 0.7 μm, while in 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN, the critical thickness is about 0.3 μm. As the film thickness was smaller than the critical thickness, the corrosion current increased abruptly. It is also found that when the value of thickness×Packing Factor >0.6, there is only minor increase in corrosion resistance for the TiN-coated specimen in 5% NaCl solution. This index becomes 0.3 for specimen in 1 N H 2 SO 4 +0.05 M KSCN.
