Titanium Nitride

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 10545 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alexandra Boltasseva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    ACS Photonics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as, gold and silver, have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals’ softness, lack of tailorability, and low melting point, along with melting point depression in nanostructures as well as challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration in standard semiconductor processing, have prevented the realization of practical plasmonic devices for technologically important high temperature and heat-assisted applications. In the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature-dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesse...

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    arXiv: Materials Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as gold and silver have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals' softness, lack of tailorability and low melting point along with challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration have prevented the realization of real-life plasmonic this http URL the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesses in the technologically relevant visible and near-infrared wavelength range from 330 nm to 2000 nm for temperatures up to 900 0C using in-situ high temperature ellipsometry. Our findings show that the complex dielectric function of TiN at elevated temperatures deviates from the optical parameters at room temperature, indicating degradation in plasmonic properties both in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant. However, quite strikingly, the relative changes of the optical properties of TiN are significantly smaller compared to its noble metal counterparts. Using simulations, we demonstrate that incorporating the temperature-induced deviations into the numerical models leads to significant differences in the optical responses of high temperature nanophotonic systems. These studies hold the key for accurate modeling of high temperature TiN based optical elements and nanophotonic systems for energy conversion, harsh-environment sensors and heat-assisted applications.

  • Broadband Hot Electron Collection for Solar Water Splitting with Plasmonic Titanium Nitride
    Advanced Optical Materials, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alberto Naldoni, Zhuoxian Wang, Lucas V. Besteiro, Urcan Guler, Xiangeng Meng, Francesco Malara, Marcello Marelli, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander O Govorov, Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Abstract:

    The use of hot electrons generated from the decay of surface plasmons is a novel concept that promises to increase the conversion yield in solar energy technologies. Titanium Nitride (TiN) is an emerging plasmonic material that offers compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical strength and durability, thus outperforming noble metals in terms of cost, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. Here, it is shown that plasmonic TiN can inject into TiO2 twice as much hot electrons as Au nanoparticles. TiO2 nanowires decorated with TiN nanoparticles show higher photocurrent enhancement than decorated with Au nanoparticles for photo-electrochemical water splitting. Experimental and theoretical evidence highlight the superior performance of TiN in hot carrier collection due to several factors. First, TiN nanoparticles provide broadband absorption efficiency over the wavelength range 500–1200 nm combined with high field enhancement due to its natural cubic morphology. Second, TiN forms an Ohmic junction with TiO2, thus enabling efficient electron collection compared to Au nanoparticles. Since TiN nanoparticles have strong plasmon resonances in the red, the entire solar spectrum is covered when complemented with Au nanocrystals. These findings show that transition metal Nitrides enable plasmonic devices with enhanced performance for solar energy conversion.

  • effective third order nonlinearities in metallic refractory Titanium Nitride thin films
    Optical Materials Express, 2015
    Co-Authors: Nathaniel Kinsey, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Akbar Ali Syed, Devon Courtwright, Clayton Devault, Carl E Bonner, V I Gavrilenko, David J Hagan, Eric W Van Stryland, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Nanophotonic devices offer an unprecedented ability to concentrate light into small volumes which can greatly increase nonlinear effects. However, traditional plasmonic materials suffer from low damage thresholds and are not compatible with standard semiconductor technology. Here we study the nonlinear optical properties in the novel refractory plasmonic material Titanium Nitride using the Z-scan method at 1550 nm and 780 nm. We compare the extracted nonlinear parameters for TiN with previous works on noble metals and note a similarly large nonlinear optical response. However, TiN films have been shown to exhibit a damage threshold up to an order of magnitude higher than gold films of a similar thickness, while also being robust, cost-efficient, bio- and CMOS-compatible. Together, these properties make TiN a promising material for metal-based nonlinear optics.

  • colloidal plasmonic Titanium Nitride nanoparticles properties and applications
    Nanophotonics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander V Kildishev, Sergey Suslov, Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Abstract:

    Optical properties of colloidal plasmonic tita- nium Nitride nanoparticles are examined with an eye on their photothermal and photocatalytic applications via transmission electron microscopy and optical transmit- tance measurements. Single crystal Titanium Nitride cubic nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm, which was found to be the optimum size for cellular uptake with gold nanoparticles (1), exhibit plasmon resonance in the biolog- ical transparency window and demonstrate a high absorp- tion efficiency. A self-passivating native oxide at the sur- face of the nanoparticles provides an additional degree of freedom for surface functionalization. The Titanium oxide shell surrounding the plasmonic core can create new op- portunities for photocatalytic applications.

Vladimir M. Shalaev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    ACS Photonics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as, gold and silver, have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals’ softness, lack of tailorability, and low melting point, along with melting point depression in nanostructures as well as challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration in standard semiconductor processing, have prevented the realization of practical plasmonic devices for technologically important high temperature and heat-assisted applications. In the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature-dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesse...

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    arXiv: Materials Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as gold and silver have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals' softness, lack of tailorability and low melting point along with challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration have prevented the realization of real-life plasmonic this http URL the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesses in the technologically relevant visible and near-infrared wavelength range from 330 nm to 2000 nm for temperatures up to 900 0C using in-situ high temperature ellipsometry. Our findings show that the complex dielectric function of TiN at elevated temperatures deviates from the optical parameters at room temperature, indicating degradation in plasmonic properties both in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant. However, quite strikingly, the relative changes of the optical properties of TiN are significantly smaller compared to its noble metal counterparts. Using simulations, we demonstrate that incorporating the temperature-induced deviations into the numerical models leads to significant differences in the optical responses of high temperature nanophotonic systems. These studies hold the key for accurate modeling of high temperature TiN based optical elements and nanophotonic systems for energy conversion, harsh-environment sensors and heat-assisted applications.

  • Broadband Hot Electron Collection for Solar Water Splitting with Plasmonic Titanium Nitride
    Advanced Optical Materials, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alberto Naldoni, Zhuoxian Wang, Lucas V. Besteiro, Urcan Guler, Xiangeng Meng, Francesco Malara, Marcello Marelli, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander O Govorov, Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Abstract:

    The use of hot electrons generated from the decay of surface plasmons is a novel concept that promises to increase the conversion yield in solar energy technologies. Titanium Nitride (TiN) is an emerging plasmonic material that offers compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical strength and durability, thus outperforming noble metals in terms of cost, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. Here, it is shown that plasmonic TiN can inject into TiO2 twice as much hot electrons as Au nanoparticles. TiO2 nanowires decorated with TiN nanoparticles show higher photocurrent enhancement than decorated with Au nanoparticles for photo-electrochemical water splitting. Experimental and theoretical evidence highlight the superior performance of TiN in hot carrier collection due to several factors. First, TiN nanoparticles provide broadband absorption efficiency over the wavelength range 500–1200 nm combined with high field enhancement due to its natural cubic morphology. Second, TiN forms an Ohmic junction with TiO2, thus enabling efficient electron collection compared to Au nanoparticles. Since TiN nanoparticles have strong plasmon resonances in the red, the entire solar spectrum is covered when complemented with Au nanocrystals. These findings show that transition metal Nitrides enable plasmonic devices with enhanced performance for solar energy conversion.

  • effective third order nonlinearities in metallic refractory Titanium Nitride thin films
    Optical Materials Express, 2015
    Co-Authors: Nathaniel Kinsey, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Akbar Ali Syed, Devon Courtwright, Clayton Devault, Carl E Bonner, V I Gavrilenko, David J Hagan, Eric W Van Stryland, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Nanophotonic devices offer an unprecedented ability to concentrate light into small volumes which can greatly increase nonlinear effects. However, traditional plasmonic materials suffer from low damage thresholds and are not compatible with standard semiconductor technology. Here we study the nonlinear optical properties in the novel refractory plasmonic material Titanium Nitride using the Z-scan method at 1550 nm and 780 nm. We compare the extracted nonlinear parameters for TiN with previous works on noble metals and note a similarly large nonlinear optical response. However, TiN films have been shown to exhibit a damage threshold up to an order of magnitude higher than gold films of a similar thickness, while also being robust, cost-efficient, bio- and CMOS-compatible. Together, these properties make TiN a promising material for metal-based nonlinear optics.

  • colloidal plasmonic Titanium Nitride nanoparticles properties and applications
    Nanophotonics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander V Kildishev, Sergey Suslov, Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Abstract:

    Optical properties of colloidal plasmonic tita- nium Nitride nanoparticles are examined with an eye on their photothermal and photocatalytic applications via transmission electron microscopy and optical transmit- tance measurements. Single crystal Titanium Nitride cubic nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm, which was found to be the optimum size for cellular uptake with gold nanoparticles (1), exhibit plasmon resonance in the biolog- ical transparency window and demonstrate a high absorp- tion efficiency. A self-passivating native oxide at the sur- face of the nanoparticles provides an additional degree of freedom for surface functionalization. The Titanium oxide shell surrounding the plasmonic core can create new op- portunities for photocatalytic applications.

Pradeep Haldar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • electrochemical oxidation behavior of Titanium Nitride based electrocatalysts under pem fuel cell conditions
    Electrochimica Acta, 2010
    Co-Authors: Bharat Avasarala, Pradeep Haldar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Titanium Nitride (TiN) is attracting attention as a promising material for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With its high electrical conductivity and resistance to oxidation, TiN has a potential to act as a durable electrocatalyst material. Using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques, the electrochemical oxidation properties of TiN nanoparticles (NP) are studied under PEM fuel cell conditions and compared with conventional carbon black supports. It is observed that TiN NP has a significantly lower rate of electrochemical oxidation than carbon black due to its inert nature and the presence of a native oxide/oxyNitride layer on its surface. Depending on the temperature and the acidic media used in the electrochemical conditions, the open circuit potential (OCP) curves shows the overlayer dissolved in the acidic solution leading to the passivation of the exposed Nitride surface. It is shown that TiN NP displays passive behavior under the tested conditions. The XPS characterization further supports the dissolution argument and shows that the surface becomes passivated with the O–H groups reducing the electrical conductivity of TiN NP. The long-term stability of the Pt/TiN electrocatalysts is tested under PEM fuel cell conditions and the trends of the measured electrochemical surface area at different temperatures is shown to agree with the proposed passivation model.

  • electrochemical oxidation behavior of Titanium Nitride based electrocatalysts under pem fuel cell conditions
    Electrochimica Acta, 2010
    Co-Authors: Bharat Avasarala, Pradeep Haldar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Titanium Nitride (TiN) is attracting attention as a promising material for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With its high electrical conductivity and resistance to oxidation, TiN has a potential to act as a durable electrocatalyst material. Using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques, the electrochemical oxidation properties of TiN nanoparticles (NP) are studied under PEM fuel cell conditions and compared with conventional carbon black supports. It is observed that TiN NP has a significantly lower rate of electrochemical oxidation than carbon black due to its inert nature and the presence of a native oxide/oxyNitride layer on its surface. Depending on the temperature and the acidic media used in the electrochemical conditions, the open circuit potential (OCP) curves shows the overlayer dissolved in the acidic solution leading to the passivation of the exposed Nitride surface. It is shown that TiN NP displays passive behavior under the tested conditions. The XPS characterization further supports the dissolution argument and shows that the surface becomes passivated with the O–H groups reducing the electrical conductivity of TiN NP. The long-term stability of the Pt/TiN electrocatalysts is tested under PEM fuel cell conditions and the trends of the measured electrochemical surface area at different temperatures is shown to agree with the proposed passivation model.

  • Titanium Nitride nanoparticles based electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Bharat Avasarala, Thomas Murray, Pradeep Haldar
    Abstract:

    Titanium Nitride nanoparticles act as a catalyst support material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells showing higher catalytic performance than conventional platinized carbon electrocatalysts.

Alexander V Kildishev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    ACS Photonics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as, gold and silver, have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals’ softness, lack of tailorability, and low melting point, along with melting point depression in nanostructures as well as challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration in standard semiconductor processing, have prevented the realization of practical plasmonic devices for technologically important high temperature and heat-assisted applications. In the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature-dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesse...

  • temperature dependent optical properties of plasmonic Titanium Nitride thin films
    arXiv: Materials Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Harsha Reddy, Urcan Guler, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V Kildishev, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Due to their exceptional plasmonic properties, noble metals such as gold and silver have been the materials of choice for the demonstration of various plasmonic and nanophotonic phenomena. However, noble metals' softness, lack of tailorability and low melting point along with challenges in thin film fabrication and device integration have prevented the realization of real-life plasmonic this http URL the recent years, Titanium Nitride (TiN) has emerged as a promising plasmonic material with good metallic and refractory (high temperature stable) properties. The refractory nature of TiN could enable practical plasmonic devices operating at elevated temperatures for energy conversion and harsh-environment industries such as gas and oil. Here we report on the temperature dependent dielectric functions of TiN thin films of varying thicknesses in the technologically relevant visible and near-infrared wavelength range from 330 nm to 2000 nm for temperatures up to 900 0C using in-situ high temperature ellipsometry. Our findings show that the complex dielectric function of TiN at elevated temperatures deviates from the optical parameters at room temperature, indicating degradation in plasmonic properties both in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant. However, quite strikingly, the relative changes of the optical properties of TiN are significantly smaller compared to its noble metal counterparts. Using simulations, we demonstrate that incorporating the temperature-induced deviations into the numerical models leads to significant differences in the optical responses of high temperature nanophotonic systems. These studies hold the key for accurate modeling of high temperature TiN based optical elements and nanophotonic systems for energy conversion, harsh-environment sensors and heat-assisted applications.

  • colloidal plasmonic Titanium Nitride nanoparticles properties and applications
    Nanophotonics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Alexander V Kildishev, Sergey Suslov, Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Abstract:

    Optical properties of colloidal plasmonic tita- nium Nitride nanoparticles are examined with an eye on their photothermal and photocatalytic applications via transmission electron microscopy and optical transmit- tance measurements. Single crystal Titanium Nitride cubic nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm, which was found to be the optimum size for cellular uptake with gold nanoparticles (1), exhibit plasmon resonance in the biolog- ical transparency window and demonstrate a high absorp- tion efficiency. A self-passivating native oxide at the sur- face of the nanoparticles provides an additional degree of freedom for surface functionalization. The Titanium oxide shell surrounding the plasmonic core can create new op- portunities for photocatalytic applications.

  • refractory plasmonics with Titanium Nitride broadband metamaterial absorber
    Advanced Materials, 2014
    Co-Authors: Urcan Guler, Gururaj V Naik, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Nathaniel Kinsey, Jianguo Guan, Alexander V Kildishev
    Abstract:

    A high-temperature stable broadband plasmonic absorber is designed, fabricated, and optically characterized. A broadband absorber with an average high absorption of 95% and a total thickness of 240 nm is fabricated, using a refractory plasmonic material, Titanium Nitride. This absorber integrates both the plasmonic resonances and the dielectric-like loss. It opens a path for the interesting applications such as solar thermophotovoltaics and optical circuits.

  • local heating with lithographically fabricated plasmonic Titanium Nitride nanoparticles
    Nano Letters, 2013
    Co-Authors: Urcan Guler, Gururaj V Naik, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Justus C Ndukaife, A Agwu G Nnanna, Alexander V Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva
    Abstract:

    Titanium Nitride is considered a promising alternative plasmonic material and is known to exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances within the near-infrared biological transparency window. Here, local heating efficiencies of disk-shaped nanoparticles made of Titanium Nitride and gold are compared in the visible and near-infrared regions numerically and experimentally with samples fabricated using e-beam lithography. Results show that plasmonic Titanium Nitride nanodisks are efficient local heat sources and outperform gold nanodisks in the biological transparency window, dispensing the need for complex particle geometries.

Stefano Spigarelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wear resistance investigation of Titanium Nitride-based coatings
    Ceramics International, 2015
    Co-Authors: Eleonora Santecchia, Erfan Zalnezhad, Marcello Cabibbo, Abdel Magid Hamouda, Farayi Musharavati, Stefano Spigarelli
    Abstract:

    The wear of components while they are in service is a predominant factor controlling the life of machine components. Metal parts are often damaged because of wear-driven failures causing the loss of dimensions and functionality. In order to reduce wear, researchers follow two paths: (i) use new, wear resistant materials or (ii) improve the wear resistance of materials by adding alloying elements or performing surface treatments. Thin film hard Nitride coatings are seen as a viable way to enhance the wear resistance of metallic materials, thus extending the lifespan of products. This paper reviews the wear resistance of Titanium Nitride-based coatings obtained using physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and thermal spraying techniques. The results of thin film coatings deposition on the wear performance and on the coefficient of friction are investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of coating methods are discussed. Finally, recent developments and new possibilities for coating manufacturers to produce films with enhanced wear performance are briefly discussed.

Related terms

Titanium Nitride - 15 days free trial to Access Experts & Abstracts