The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hugo Bucher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Palaeoecology of late ladinian middle triassic benthic faunas from the schlern sciliar and seiser alm alpe di siusi area south tyrol italy
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2019Co-Authors: Evelyn Friesenbichler, Max Urlichs, Michael Hautmann, Alexander Nützel, Hugo BucherAbstract:The Schlern and Seiser Alm area (South Tyrol, Italy) is a classical locality for studies of Middle Triassic platform to basin transitions, yet details of the Palaeoecology of the rich benthic faunas of this area have been insufficiently known. We present herein a detailed palaeoecological study of the fauna from the Schlernplateau beds (Late Ladinian to Early Carnian) and the more or less time-equivalent Pachycardientuffe (Late Ladinian), which is based on quantitative faunal data. Both the Palaeoecology and sedimentary features suggest that the fauna of the Schlernplateau beds represents a lagoonal soft-bottom fauna. The high species richness of the fauna and the locally restricted occurrences of fossils indicate an open-lagoon setting palaeogeographically close to an ocean inlet. The high evenness of the fauna is probably a result of time-averaging. In contrast, the fauna of the Pachycardientuffe shows clear indications of transportation. Ecological features of this fauna andpalaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source areas: (1) the lagoon represented by the Schlernplateau beds, (2) the reef fringing this lagoon and (3) a shallow clastic coast of a nearby volcanic island and/or submarine high.A comparison between diversities of selected Early and Middle Triassic lithological units revealed the increasing species richness of all major benthic taxa during the Middle Triassic and a shift from bivalve-dominated Early Triassic faunas to gastropod-dominated faunas. Keywords Middle Triassic · Biotic recovery · Quantitative faunal analyses · Palaeoecology · Palaeoenvironment
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Palaeoecology of Late Ladinian (Middle Triassic) benthic faunas from the Schlern/Sciliar and Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi area (South Tyrol, Italy)
PalZ, 2018Co-Authors: Evelyn Friesenbichler, Max Urlichs, Michael Hautmann, Alexander Nützel, Hugo BucherAbstract:The Schlern and Seiser Alm area (South Tyrol, Italy) is a classical locality for studies of Middle Triassic platform to basin transitions, yet details of the Palaeoecology of the rich benthic faunas of this area have been insufficiently known. We present herein a detailed palaeoecological study of the fauna from the Schlernplateau beds (Late Ladinian to Early Carnian) and the more or less time-equivalent Pachycardientuffe (Late Ladinian), which is based on quantitative faunal data. Both the Palaeoecology and sedimentary features suggest that the fauna of the Schlernplateau beds represents a lagoonal soft-bottom fauna. The high species richness of the fauna and the locally restricted occurrences of fossils indicate an open-lagoon setting palaeogeographically close to an ocean inlet. The high evenness of the fauna is probably a result of time-averaging. In contrast, the fauna of the Pachycardientuffe shows clear indications of transportation. Ecological features of this fauna andpalaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source areas: (1) the lagoon represented by the Schlernplateau beds, (2) the reef fringing this lagoon and (3) a shallow clastic coast of a nearby volcanic island and/or submarine high.A comparison between diversities of selected Early and Middle Triassic lithological units revealed the increasing species richness of all major benthic taxa during the Middle Triassic and a shift from bivalve-dominated Early Triassic faunas to gastropod-dominated faunas. Keywords Middle Triassic · Biotic recovery · Quantitative faunal analyses · Palaeoecology · Palaeoenvironment
H. John B. Birks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Challenges in the presentation and analysis of plant-macrofossil stratigraphical data
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2014Co-Authors: H. John B. BirksAbstract:Plant-macrofossil analysis is being increasingly used in Quaternary science, particularly Palaeoecology and vegetation history. Although the techniques of macrofossil analysis are well-tried and relatively simple, the resulting data consisting of qualitative binary presences and absences, ordinal classes, and quantitative counts are not simple from the viewpoint of numerical data-analysis. This essay reviews the nature of macrofossil data and discusses the problem of zero and non-zero values. Problems in the presentation of macrofossil data are outlined and possible solutions are discussed. The handling of such data is discussed in terms of data summarisation, data analysis, and data interpretation. Newly developed numerical methods that take account of the mixed nature and the stratigraphical ordering of macrofossil data are outlined, such as (distance-based) multivariate regression trees, canonical analysis of principal coordinates, principal curves, cascade multivariate regression trees, and RLQ analysis. These and other techniques outlined have the potential to help exploit the full potential of macrofossil stratigraphical data in Quaternary Palaeoecology.
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Looking forward through the past: Identification of 50 priority research questions in Palaeoecology
Journal of Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Alistair W. R. Seddon, H. John B. Birks, Anson W. Mackay, Ambroise Baker, Elinor Breman, Caitlin E. Buck, Erle C. Ellis, Cynthia A. Froyd, Jacquelyn L. Gill, Lindsey GillsonAbstract:Summary 1. Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research foci that advance the field and that also have high policy and conservation relevance. 2. To date there has been no coherent synthesis of key questions and priority research areas for Palaeoecology, which combines biological, geochemical and molecular techniques in order to reconstruct past ecological and environmental systems on timescales from decades to millions of years. 3. We adapted a well-established methodology to identify 50 priority research questions in Palaeoecology. Using a set of criteria designed to identify realistic and achievable research goals, we selected questions from a pool submitted by the international Palaeoecology research community and relevant policy practitioners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Article 4. The integration of online participation, both before and during the workshop, increased international engagement in question selection. 5. The questions selected are structured around six themes: human–environment interactions in the Anthropocene; biodiversity, conservation, and novel ecosystems; biodiversity over long timescales; ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycling; comparing, combining and synthesizing information from multiple records; and new developments in Palaeoecology. 6. Future opportunities in Palaeoecology are related to improved incorporation of uncertainty into reconstructions, an enhanced understanding of ecological and evolutionary dynamics and processes, and the continued application of long-term data for better-informed landscape management. 7. Synthesis Palaeoecology is a vibrant and thriving discipline and these 50 priority questions highlight its potential for addressing both pure (e.g. ecological and evolutionary, methodological) and applied (e.g. environmental and conservation) issues related to ecological science and global change.
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Ecological Palaeoecology and conservation biology: controversies, challenges, and compromises
International Journal of Biodiversity Science Ecosystem Services & Management, 2012Co-Authors: H. John B. BirksAbstract:Until recently, ecological Palaeoecology (a part of long-term ecology) and conservation biology were considered two separate subjects with little relevance to each other. With the shift from description and evaluation in conservation biology in the 1960s–1990s to the paradigm of ‘conservation in a rapidly changing world’ in the late 1990s, conservationists began to realise the importance of the temporal dimension in developing conservation strategies to allow for landscape and ecosystem change. Despite this paradigm shift, ecological Palaeoecology is still largely ignored by conservation biology. I explore why this may be and outline recent advances in the subject of direct relevance to conservation science. I present nine questions of critical importance to conservation that Palaeoecology can answer. Inevitably during this honeymoon phase of conservation biology and Palaeoecology, there are controversies, challenges, and compromises. I outline these and suggest how some can be overcome by breakdown of th...
Evelyn Friesenbichler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Palaeoecology of late ladinian middle triassic benthic faunas from the schlern sciliar and seiser alm alpe di siusi area south tyrol italy
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2019Co-Authors: Evelyn Friesenbichler, Max Urlichs, Michael Hautmann, Alexander Nützel, Hugo BucherAbstract:The Schlern and Seiser Alm area (South Tyrol, Italy) is a classical locality for studies of Middle Triassic platform to basin transitions, yet details of the Palaeoecology of the rich benthic faunas of this area have been insufficiently known. We present herein a detailed palaeoecological study of the fauna from the Schlernplateau beds (Late Ladinian to Early Carnian) and the more or less time-equivalent Pachycardientuffe (Late Ladinian), which is based on quantitative faunal data. Both the Palaeoecology and sedimentary features suggest that the fauna of the Schlernplateau beds represents a lagoonal soft-bottom fauna. The high species richness of the fauna and the locally restricted occurrences of fossils indicate an open-lagoon setting palaeogeographically close to an ocean inlet. The high evenness of the fauna is probably a result of time-averaging. In contrast, the fauna of the Pachycardientuffe shows clear indications of transportation. Ecological features of this fauna andpalaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source areas: (1) the lagoon represented by the Schlernplateau beds, (2) the reef fringing this lagoon and (3) a shallow clastic coast of a nearby volcanic island and/or submarine high.A comparison between diversities of selected Early and Middle Triassic lithological units revealed the increasing species richness of all major benthic taxa during the Middle Triassic and a shift from bivalve-dominated Early Triassic faunas to gastropod-dominated faunas. Keywords Middle Triassic · Biotic recovery · Quantitative faunal analyses · Palaeoecology · Palaeoenvironment
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Palaeoecology of Late Ladinian (Middle Triassic) benthic faunas from the Schlern/Sciliar and Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi area (South Tyrol, Italy)
PalZ, 2018Co-Authors: Evelyn Friesenbichler, Max Urlichs, Michael Hautmann, Alexander Nützel, Hugo BucherAbstract:The Schlern and Seiser Alm area (South Tyrol, Italy) is a classical locality for studies of Middle Triassic platform to basin transitions, yet details of the Palaeoecology of the rich benthic faunas of this area have been insufficiently known. We present herein a detailed palaeoecological study of the fauna from the Schlernplateau beds (Late Ladinian to Early Carnian) and the more or less time-equivalent Pachycardientuffe (Late Ladinian), which is based on quantitative faunal data. Both the Palaeoecology and sedimentary features suggest that the fauna of the Schlernplateau beds represents a lagoonal soft-bottom fauna. The high species richness of the fauna and the locally restricted occurrences of fossils indicate an open-lagoon setting palaeogeographically close to an ocean inlet. The high evenness of the fauna is probably a result of time-averaging. In contrast, the fauna of the Pachycardientuffe shows clear indications of transportation. Ecological features of this fauna andpalaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source areas: (1) the lagoon represented by the Schlernplateau beds, (2) the reef fringing this lagoon and (3) a shallow clastic coast of a nearby volcanic island and/or submarine high.A comparison between diversities of selected Early and Middle Triassic lithological units revealed the increasing species richness of all major benthic taxa during the Middle Triassic and a shift from bivalve-dominated Early Triassic faunas to gastropod-dominated faunas. Keywords Middle Triassic · Biotic recovery · Quantitative faunal analyses · Palaeoecology · Palaeoenvironment
Lindsey Gillson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From myopia to clarity: sharpening the focus of ecosystem management through the lens of Palaeoecology
Trends in ecology & evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Lindsey Gillson, Rob MarchantAbstract:Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in a changing environment requires a temporal perspective that informs realistic restoration and management targets. Such targets need to be dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to changing boundary conditions. However, the application of long-term data from Palaeoecology is often hindered as the management and policy implications are not made explicit, and because data sets are often not accessible or amenable to stakeholders. Focussing on this translation gap, we explore how a palaeoecological perspective can change the focus of biodiversity management and conservation policy. We embed a long-term perspective (decades to millennia) into current adaptive management and policy frameworks, with the aim of encouraging better integration between Palaeoecology, conservation management, and mainstreaming viable provision of ecosystem services.
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Looking forward through the past: Identification of 50 priority research questions in Palaeoecology
Journal of Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Alistair W. R. Seddon, H. John B. Birks, Anson W. Mackay, Ambroise Baker, Elinor Breman, Caitlin E. Buck, Erle C. Ellis, Cynthia A. Froyd, Jacquelyn L. Gill, Lindsey GillsonAbstract:Summary 1. Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research foci that advance the field and that also have high policy and conservation relevance. 2. To date there has been no coherent synthesis of key questions and priority research areas for Palaeoecology, which combines biological, geochemical and molecular techniques in order to reconstruct past ecological and environmental systems on timescales from decades to millions of years. 3. We adapted a well-established methodology to identify 50 priority research questions in Palaeoecology. Using a set of criteria designed to identify realistic and achievable research goals, we selected questions from a pool submitted by the international Palaeoecology research community and relevant policy practitioners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Article 4. The integration of online participation, both before and during the workshop, increased international engagement in question selection. 5. The questions selected are structured around six themes: human–environment interactions in the Anthropocene; biodiversity, conservation, and novel ecosystems; biodiversity over long timescales; ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycling; comparing, combining and synthesizing information from multiple records; and new developments in Palaeoecology. 6. Future opportunities in Palaeoecology are related to improved incorporation of uncertainty into reconstructions, an enhanced understanding of ecological and evolutionary dynamics and processes, and the continued application of long-term data for better-informed landscape management. 7. Synthesis Palaeoecology is a vibrant and thriving discipline and these 50 priority questions highlight its potential for addressing both pure (e.g. ecological and evolutionary, methodological) and applied (e.g. environmental and conservation) issues related to ecological science and global change.
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Landscapes in Time and Space
Landscape Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Lindsey GillsonAbstract:Landscape ecology has a temporal dimension, and the role of past processes in shaping landscapes is increasingly recognised. To date, the interface between landscape ecology and Palaeoecology has proved most productive in understanding the impacts of climate change and in discovering the extent of past human impacts on ecosystems. Further areas of synergy are emerging. This Perspective gives selected examples of five main areas of synergy between Palaeoecology and landscape ecology: dynamic landscape mosaics; resilience and thresholds; biocomplexity; adaptive cycles; and in the landscape ecology of invasive spread.
R. Fortey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Palaeoecology of trilobites
Journal of Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: R. ForteyAbstract:Trilobites comprise a major group of extinct marine arthropods, which thrived in a variety of habitats surrounding the Palaeozoic palaeocontinents. The evidence that can be used to infer their ecology is reviewed, including functional anatomy, field occurrence and geology in comparison with living arthropods and palaeogeography. Where different lines of evidence are consistent with one interpretation, the inferred life habits are considered well supported, but there remain some intriguing enigmas. Trilobites occupied many of the ecological niches available to living marine arthropods, including the pelagic realm. Benthic species included predator/scavengers, grazers and particle feeders, and specialist filter feeders. Different contemporaneous natural assemblages of trilobites occupied different habitats ranging from shallow water to deep environments, which are characterized by distinctive suites of genera (biofacies). Such differentiation was already well established in the Cambrian. Dispersed palaeocontinents through much of the Palaeozoic further encouraged the evolution of endemics and distinct suites of taxa in relation to palaeolatitude. Taken together, these factors go some way towards explaining the great variety of species that evolved during more than 250 million years of their history.
