Papio Hamadryas

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Jeffrey Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Genomewide Linkage Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing the Craniofacial Complex in Baboons (Papio Hamadryas spp.)
    Genetics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Richard J. Sherwood, Jeffrey Rogers, Lorena M. Havill, Dana L. Duren, Laura A. Cox, Bradford Towne, Michael C Mahaney
    Abstract:

    Numerous studies have detected significant contributions of genes to variation in development, size, and shape of craniofacial traits in a number of vertebrate taxa. This study examines 43 quantitative traits derived from lateral cephalographs of 830 baboons (Papio Hamadryas) from the pedigreed population housed at the Southwest National Primate Research Center. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using the SOLAR analytic platform, a maximum-likelihood variance components method that incorporates all familial information for parameter estimation. Heritability estimates were significant and of moderate to high magnitude for all craniofacial traits. Additionally, 14 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for 12 traits from the three developmental components (basicranium, splanchnocranium, and neurocranium) of the craniofacial complex. These QTL were found on baboon chromosomes (and human orthologs) PHA1 (HSA1), PHA 2 (HSA3), PHA4 (HSA6), PHA11 (HSA12), PHA13 (HSA2), PHA16 (HSA17), and PHA17 (HSA13) (PHA, P. Hamadryas; HSA, Homo sapiens). This study of the genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex in baboons provides the groundwork needed to establish the baboon as an animal model for the study of genetic and nongenetic influences on craniofacial variation.

  • Trisomy 17 in a baboon (Papio Hamadryas) with polydactyly, patent foramen ovale and pyelectasis
    American journal of primatology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charleen M. Moore, Jeffrey Rogers, Gene B. Hubbard, Edward J. Dick, Betty G. Dunn, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Vick Williams, Jeremiah J. Gomez, Stephanie D. Butler, M. Michelle Leland
    Abstract:

    Trisomy 13 in humans is the third most common autosomal abnormality at birth, after trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. It has a reported incidence of between 1:5,000 and 1:30,000 live births. It is associated with multiple abnormalities, many of which shorten lifespan. We describe here the first reported case of a baboon (Papio Hamadryas) with trisomy of chromosome 17, which is homologous to human chromosome 13. The trisomic infant was born to a consanguineous pair of baboons and had morphological characteristics similar to those observed in human trisomy 13, including bilateral polydactyly in the upper limbs, a patent foramen ovale, and pyelectasis. Molecular DNA analysis using human chromosome 13 markers was consistent with the affected infant inheriting two copies of chromosome 17 derived from the same parental chromosome. This trisomy was, therefore, due to either an error in meiosis II or the result of postzygotic nondisjunction. The parental origin, however, could not be determined. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1105–1118, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • a genetic linkage map of the baboon Papio Hamadryas genome based on human microsatellite polymorphisms
    Genomics, 2000
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey Rogers, Shelly M Witte, Shalini Nair, Deborah E Newman, Steven Wedel, Lawrence A Rodriguez, Karen Rice, Susan H Slifer, Michael C Mahaney, Andrey A Perelygin
    Abstract:

    A first-generation genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio Hamadryas) genome was developed for use in biomedical and evolutionary genetics. Pedigreed baboons (n = 694) were selected from the breeding colony maintained by the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research. To facilitate comparison with the human genome, the baboon linkage map consists primarily of human microsatellite loci amplified using published human PCR primers. Genotypes for 325 human microsatellites and 6 novel baboon microsatellites were used in linkage analyses performed with the MultiMap expert system. The resulting sex-averaged meiotic recombination map covers all 20 baboon autosomes, with average spacing among loci of 7.2 cM. Direct comparison among homologous (orthologous) loci reveals that, for 7 human autosomes, locus order is conserved between humans and baboons. For the other 15 autosomes, one or more rearrangements distinguish the two genomes. The total centimorgan distances among homologous markers are 28.0% longer in the human genome than in the baboon, suggesting that rates of recombination may be higher in humans. This baboon linkage map is the first reported for any nonhuman primate species and creates opportunities for mapping quantitative trait loci in baboons, as well as for comparative evolutionary analyses of genome structure.

  • microsatellite variation in two populations of free ranging yellow baboons Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus
    International Journal of Primatology, 1998
    Co-Authors: D St George, S M Witte, Trudy R Turner, M L Weiss, Jane E Phillipsconroy, Euclid O Smith, Jeffrey Rogers
    Abstract:

    We investigated genetic variation at six microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) loci in yellow baboons (Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus) at two localities: the Tana River Primate Reserve in eastern Kenya and Mikumi National Park, central Tanzania. The six loci (D1S158, D2S144, D4S243, D5S1466, D16S508, and D17S804) were all originally cloned from and characterized in the human genome. These microsatellites are polymorphic in both baboon populations, with the average heterozygosity across loci equal to 0.731 in the Tana River sample and 0.787 in the Mikumi sample. The genetic differentiation between the two populations is substantial. Kolmogornov–Smirnov tests indicate that five of the six loci are significantly different in allele frequencies in the two populations. The mean F ST across loci is 0.069, and Shriver's measure of genetic distance, which was developed for microsatellite loci (Shriver et al., 1995), is 0.255. This genetic distance is larger than corresponding distances among human populations residing in different continents. We conclude that (a) the arrays of alleles present at these six microsatellite loci in two geographically separated populations of yellow baboons are quite similar, but (b) the two populations exhibit significant differences in allele frequencies. This study illustrates the potential value of human microsatellite loci for analyses of population genetic structure in baboons and suggests that this approach will be useful in studies of other Old World monkeys.

  • Conservation of human chromosome 18 in baboons (Papio Hamadryas):a linkage map of eight human microsatellites
    Cytogenetics and cell genetics, 1996
    Co-Authors: Andrey A Perelygin, Candace M. Kammerer, N.c. Stowell, Jeffrey Rogers
    Abstract:

    A panel of 25 microsatellite loci known to map to human chromosome 18 was screened for length polymorphisms in a multigenerational pedigree of baboons (Papio Hamadryas). Eight of these loci were polymorphic in the baboon pedigrees, with observed heterozygosity values ranging from 0.16 to 0.88. All eight loci show strong evidence of linkage. The most likely map order among the microsatellite loci for Papio is completely compatible with the locus order found in the human genome, and sex differences in recombination rates are also similar in the two species. We conclude that the organization of the chromosomal region defined by these loci is largely conserved between baboons and humans.

Federico Bertuzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Annemarie Hennessy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Haemodynamics using transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant baboons (Papio Hamadryas)
    Journal of medical primatology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Alicia Dennis, Scott Heffernan, J.m. Castro, Annemarie Hennessy
    Abstract:

    Background  To determine systolic and diastolic function using transthoracic echocardiography in the baboon (Papio Hamadryas). Methods  Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in eight non-pregnant female and six pregnant baboons according to American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. Results  Haemodynamic measurements were obtained from fourteen baboons. Compared to non-pregnant baboons, pregnant baboons demonstrated: (mean ± SD, pregnant vs. healthy) increased cardiac output (1615 ± 121 ml/minutes vs. 1317 ± 134 ml/minutes P = 0.001) due to an increased heart rate [120 ± 11 beats per minute (BPM) vs. 105 ± 6 BPM P = 0.018]. The inter-observer and intra-observer variability (mean difference ± SD) for the left ventricular outflow tract diameter was 0.05 ± 0.07 cm and 0.01 ± 0.03 cm respectively. There was minimal impact to the animal’s daily activities. Conclusions  Transthoracic echocardiography was applicable and reproducible for the assessment of haemodynamics in baboons thus enabling translation of animal results to human studies.

  • Tumor necrosis factor α induces a model of preeclampsia in pregnant baboons (Papio Hamadryas)
    Cytokine, 2011
    Co-Authors: Neroli Sunderland, Scott Heffernan, John F. Thompson, Sally Thomson, Shirlene Lim, Robert Ogle, Paul R. Mckenzie, Paul J Kirwan, Angela Makris, Annemarie Hennessy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy characterised by maternal hypertension and proteinuria. Abnormal placentation in early pregnancy and abnormal cytokine and anti-angiogenic factor expression are thought to contribute to the clinical syndrome of endothelial dysfunction evident in the second half of gestation. The mechanisms underlying both the placental pathology and its translation to the maternal clinical syndrome are not fully understood. A model of preeclampsia manifest by clinically evident endothelial dysfunction (increased blood pressure and proteinuria) was induced by administration of low-dose TNF-α for 2 weeks at mid-gestation in pregnant baboons ( Papio Hamadryas ). Blood pressure was monitored continuously and remotely by intra-arterial radiotelemetry. Following TNF-α infusion, there was an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and development of proteinuria in pregnant treated animals, but not in pregnant saline controls nor in non-pregnant TNF-α treated animals. The treated pregnant animals also developed elevated plasma soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and increased placental mRNA expression of sFLT-1 and soluble endoglin (sEng). These results clearly demonstrate that the cytokine TNF-α can induce the clinical and biochemical features of human preeclampsia. The results identify a link between cytokines, placental dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction resulting in a loss of maternal blood pressure control.

  • the effects of the menstrual cycle pregnancy and early lactation on haematology and plasma biochemistry in the baboon Papio Hamadryas
    Journal of Medical Primatology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Winthrop J. Harewood, Annemarie Hennessy, Adrian Gillin, John S. Horvath, Jeff Armitstead, David J. Tiller
    Abstract:

    The changes in the haematology and clinical biochemistry associated with the different stages of the menstrual cycle, gestation and lactation in the baboon (Papio Hamadryas) were evaluated in a prospective longitudinal study. Serial EDTA and heparin blood samples were collected from 12 baboons. Haemoglobin concentration, haematorcrit, red blood cell and white blood cell counts were decreased in the luteal compared to the follicular phase (P<0.001); the reverse effect was observed for platelet count, total protein and albumin concentrations. The changes in plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and cholesterol and plasma osmolality were characterized by reductions (P<0.01) in early pregnancy which were maintained throughout gestation. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin and alkaline phosphatase, as well as haemoglobin, haematocrit and red cell count were reduced (P<0.001) from mid-gestation. Platelet count and plasma calcium concentration fell continuously throughout gestation (P<0.001). Plasma triglycerides were lower and plasma iron was higher (P<0.01) in gestation compared to the phases of the menstrual cycle and lactation. By 1 week post partum, all parameters except haemaglobin had returned to pre-conception levels.

  • The effects of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and early lactation on haematology and plasma biochemistry in the baboon (Papio Hamadryas).
    Journal of medical primatology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Winthrop J. Harewood, Annemarie Hennessy, Adrian Gillin, John S. Horvath, Jeff Armitstead, David J. Tiller
    Abstract:

    The changes in the haematology and clinical biochemistry associated with the different stages of the menstrual cycle, gestation and lactation in the baboon (Papio Hamadryas) were evaluated in a prospective longitudinal study. Serial EDTA and heparin blood samples were collected from 12 baboons. Haemoglobin concentration, haematorcrit, red blood cell and white blood cell counts were decreased in the luteal compared to the follicular phase (P

  • Low-dose nitro-L-arginine administration in baboon (Papio Hamadryas) pregnancy.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Annemarie Hennessy, Adrian Gillin, John S. Horvath, Geoffrey G. Duggin, David J. Tiller
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY 1. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition on mean arterial pressure (MAP), endothelin (ET) and the renin–aldosterone system in pregnancy in the non-human primate (baboon). 2. Twenty pregnant baboons (Papio Hamadryas) were examined prospectively after the administration of an oral NO inhibitor in different phases of pregnancy. Haemodynamic responses to NO inhibition, evidence of pre-eclampsia and the renin–aldosterone system were examined under anaesthesia. 3. Oral NL-nitro- L-arginine (NOLA; 5 or 10 mg/kg) was given for 1 week in early (6–8 weeks gestaton), middle (14–16 weeks gestation) and late (22–24 weeks gestation) pregnancy and while non-pregnant. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, haematology, biochemistry, ET, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone were measured. Foetal effects of NOLA were also examined by ultrasound and neonatal measurements. 4. Nitric oxide inhibition led to an increase in MAP in non-pregnant animals (9 mmHg) and in middle and later pregnancy (6 and 7 mmHg, respectively). Mean arterial pressure in early pregnancy was not affected. A reduction in PRA occurred after NO inhibition in all stages of pregnancy. Significant proteinuria occurred only in late pregnancy. 5. Nitric oxide is involved in the maintenance of lower blood pressure in late pregnancy and inhibition leads to an increase in blood pressure and proteinuria in the baboon. Nitric oxide insufficiency may contribute to the clinical manifestations of human pre-eclampsia. Nitric oxide was not involved in the normal vasodilation of early primate pregnancy.

Dietmar Zinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Out of Africa, but how and when? The case of Hamadryas baboons (Papio Hamadryas).
    Journal of human evolution, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gisela H. Kopp, Christian Roos, Thomas M. Butynski, Derek E. Wildman, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili, Linn F. Groeneveld, Dietmar Zinner
    Abstract:

    Many species of Arabian mammals are considered to be of Afrotropical origin and for most of them the Red Sea has constituted an obstacle for dispersal since the Miocene–Pliocene transition. There are two possible routes, the ‘northern’ and the ‘southern’, for terrestrial mammals (including humans) to move between Africa and Arabia. The ‘northern route’, crossing the Sinai Peninsula, is confirmed for several taxa by an extensive fossil record, especially from northern Egypt and the Levant, whereas the ‘southern route’, across the Bab-el-Mandab Strait, which links the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden, is more controversial, although post-Pliocene terrestrial crossings of the Red Sea might have been possible during glacial maxima when sea levels were low. Hamadryas baboons (Papio Hamadryas) are the only baboon taxon to disperse out of Africa and still inhabit Arabia. In this study, we investigate the origin of Arabian Hamadryas baboons using mitochondrial sequence data from 294 samples collected in Arabia and Northeast Africa. Through the analysis of the geographic distribution of genetic diversity, the timing of population expansions, and divergence time estimates combined with palaeoecological data, we test: (i) if Arabian and African Hamadryas baboons are genetically distinct; (ii) if Arabian baboons exhibit population substructure; and (iii) when, and via which route, baboons colonized Arabia. Our results suggest that Hamadryas baboons colonized Arabia during the Late Pleistocene (130–12 kya [thousands of years ago]) and also moved back to Africa. We reject the hypothesis that Hamadryas baboons were introduced to Arabia by humans, because the initial colonization considerably predates the earliest records of human seafaring in this region. Our results strongly suggest that the ‘southern route’ from Africa to Arabia could have been used by Hamadryas baboons during the same time period as proposed for modern humans.

  • Early sexual maturity in male Hamadryas baboons (Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas) and its reproductive implications.
    American journal of physical anthropology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dietmar Zinner, Ellen Krebs, Annette Schrod, Werner Kaumanns
    Abstract:

    We present data on sexual maturity in young Hamadryas baboon males (Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas) and its reproductive consequences in a large captive baboon colony. Hamadryas baboons live in a multilevel social system, with one-male units (OMUs) as the smallest social entity. Male leaders of OMUs are believed to monopolize matings within their OMUs; hence mating is believed to be polygynous and monandrous. In a captive colony of Hamadryas baboons, we found evidence that young males less than 4 years old fathered at least 2.5% of 121 offspring born subsequent to vasectomy of all adult males, and males aged 4-5 years fathered at least 16.5% of the offspring. Additional evidence that these young males are able to sire offspring came from a morphological comparison of sperm from Hamadryas males of different ages. The sperm of a 48-month-old Hamadryas baboon were morphologically indistinguishable from viable sperm from adult males, whereas sperm from a 45-month-old male showed some aberrations. If successful copulations by adolescent males constitute a regular pattern even in free-ranging Hamadryas baboons, a Hamadryas male's chances to reproduce would not be limited to his role as an OMU leader as previously assumed, and a male's reproductive career would consist of two phases: the adolescent phase, and the OMU leader male phase.

  • mitochondrial dna variation in eritrean Hamadryas baboons Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas life history influences population genetic structure
    Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Andreas Hapke, Dietmar Zinner, Hans Zischler
    Abstract:

    The Hamadryas baboon, Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas, represents a rare exception from the pattern of female philopatry and male-biased dispersal predominant in mammals including primates. To elucidate the possible consequences of the dispersal pattern on the population genetic structure of Hamadryas baboons, we sequenced the maternally transmitted mitochondrial hypervariable region I of 74 individuals from ten sampling locations in different ecogeographic zones of Eritrea. To this end, individual fecal samples were collected at sleeping cliffs. Upon comparing the individual sequences by means of phylogenetic tree reconstructions and AMOVA, we could not detect a population genetic structure corresponding to a geographic pattern. Tree reconstructions revealed the existence of two profoundly different lineages both present at most of the sampling locations. These findings and Mantel correlations of genetic distances and the frequency of shared haplotypes to geographic distances point to the presence of female dispersal. Female-mediated gene flow is detectable over geographic distances exceeding those between neighboring subpopulations. Our study therefore corroborates local behavioral observations on a broad geographic scale. After inclusion of geographically closely situated olive baboons, P. h. anubis, in the analyses, all anubis sequences fell within one Hamadryas clade. Possible scenarios leading to this situation including long-term hybridization processes are discussed.

  • Distribution and Habitat Associations of Baboons (Papio Hamadryas) in Central Eritrea
    International Journal of Primatology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Dietmar Zinner, Fernando Peláez, Frank Torkler
    Abstract:

    At least three diurnal primate taxa are still present in Eritrea, NE Africa: Hamadryas baboons (Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas), olive baboons (Papio h. anubis) and grivet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops aethiops). However, information on status and distribution of primates and their habitats in Eritrea is outdated and incomplete. We conducted a primate survey, focussing on Hamadryas baboons, to obtain data which will be integrated in a national wildlife management and conservation plan in Eritrea. We obtained information about the geographical distribution and abundance of baboons, their altitudinal range, habitat quality of their home-ranges, aggregation sizes at sleeping cliffs and predator presence. We described habitat quality via the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a vegetation classification of Landsat MSS satellite data. Hamadryas and olive baboons are still present in Eritrea in ample numbers. Their geographical distributions in 1997 and 1998 did not deviate significantly from their historical distributions. An estimated 15,000 Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas lived in the 25,000-km2 area of survey (0.58 baboons/km2). Population densities of Hamadryas baboons in many parts of the survey area are higher than at Kummer's (1968) study site in Ethiopia. Hamadryas baboons live at all altitudes in four of five ecogeographical zones of Eritrea. Olive baboons replaced them in the western lowlands. Both baboon taxa tend to select better quality habitats, characterized by a higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) than the average for the respective ecogeographical zones. Hamadryas baboons show a greater ecological plasticity than olive baboons, which are confined to riverbeds with extended gallery forest. By the end of 1999, a hybrid zone could not be confirmed.

  • Group Composition and Adult Sex-ratio of Hamadryas Baboons (Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas) in Central Eritrea
    International Journal of Primatology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Dietmar Zinner, Fernando Peláez, Frank Torkler
    Abstract:

    During a survey of the geographical distribution and abundance of Hamadryas baboons (Papio Hamadryas Hamadryas) in central Eritrea, we collected detailed demographic data on six bands at four sites in different ecogeographical zones. The proportions of age-sex classes within the six bands differed only with respect to juveniles. The general social organization of the Eritrean Hamadryas baboons is similar to that reported for Ethiopia and Saudi Arabia. Eritrean Hamadryas baboons live in a nested fission-fusion system, with one-male units as the basic social entity. Although the baboons were not provisioned, as they are in many places in Saudi Arabia, and habitat quality in Eritrea is lower than that in Ethiopia, sex-ratios and group composition corresponded more to those found in the Saudi Arabian population. Sex-ratios within the study population, in bands and also in one-male units were significantly more female-biased than in Ethiopian ones, and one-male units tended to be larger. Data from Eritrea suggest that these differences are due to a combination of a heavily fluctuating rainfall pattern and differential maturation of the sexes.

Kenneth K Kidd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nucleotide polymorphism effective population size and dispersal distances in the yellow baboons Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus of mikumi national park tanzania
    American Journal of Primatology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey Rogers, Kenneth K Kidd
    Abstract:

    We investigated genetic variability and population structure in a natural population of yellow baboons (Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus) from Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. The amount of nuclear DNA polymorphism in a random sample of animals from four social groups was estimated by using Southern blotting to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms in five nuclear autosomal loci. The average nucleotide heterozygosity was estimated to be 0.0033. This level of DNA polymorphism is higher than available estimates for human populations, but is consistent with protein and DNA sequence data from other nonhuman primates. The observed level of genetic variability suggests that the inbreeding effective population size of the Mikumi baboons is approximately 14,000. Predictions regarding the distribution of male dispersal distance are developed using Wright's isolation by distance model. The results of these analyses, while derived from genetic methods, are consistent with and provide additional information for behavioral and demographic descriptions of baboon population dynamics. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • nuclear dna polymorphisms in a wild population of yellow baboons Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus from mikumi national park tanzania
    American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey Rogers, Kenneth K Kidd
    Abstract:

    Yellow baboons (Papio Hamadryas cynocephalus) from Mi- kumi National Park, Tanzania were studied for polymorphisms in nuclear DNA. The study population consists of four social groups that inhabit overlap- ping home ranges and exchange males. As a result, these groups are consid- ered to be members of a single interbreeding population. Human DNA clones were used as probes to screen five loci (AT3, REN, HEXB, VIM, and APOB) for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). A total of 14 polymor- phisms, at least one at each locus, was detected in a panel of 27 baboons tested using six restriction enzymes for each locus. Eleven of these RFLP systems have average heterozygosity values greater than 0.40. This initial screening demonstrates that human DNA clones can be used to detect significant num- bers of informative DNA polymorphisms in single-copy nuclear genes of this species and suggests that the average proportion of nucleotides polymorphic across nuclear loci in this population may be between 1.0% and 1.3%. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc

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