The Experts below are selected from a list of 1002 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Miriam Wust - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
Journal of Health Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the long-term effects of childhood disability on individuals’ educational and occupational choices, late-career labor market participation, and mortality. We merge medical records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence in this population. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors are more likely to obtain a university degree and to go on to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts. Our results are consistent with individuals making educational and occupational choices that reflect a shift in the comparative advantage of cognitive versus physical skills. We also find that Paralytic Polio patients from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to die prematurely than their non-Paralytic counterparts, whereas there is no effect on mortality among Polio survivors from more advantaged backgrounds.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:A large literature documents that childhood health shocks have lasting negative consequences for adult outcomes. This paper demonstrates that the adversity of childhood physical disability can be mediated by individuals' educational and occupational choices, which reflect their comparative advantage. We merge records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors obtain higher education and are more likely to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts.
Miriam Gensowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
Journal of Health Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the long-term effects of childhood disability on individuals’ educational and occupational choices, late-career labor market participation, and mortality. We merge medical records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence in this population. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors are more likely to obtain a university degree and to go on to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts. Our results are consistent with individuals making educational and occupational choices that reflect a shift in the comparative advantage of cognitive versus physical skills. We also find that Paralytic Polio patients from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to die prematurely than their non-Paralytic counterparts, whereas there is no effect on mortality among Polio survivors from more advantaged backgrounds.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:A large literature documents that childhood health shocks have lasting negative consequences for adult outcomes. This paper demonstrates that the adversity of childhood physical disability can be mediated by individuals' educational and occupational choices, which reflect their comparative advantage. We merge records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors obtain higher education and are more likely to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts.
Kimberly M Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Original Articles The Case for Cooperation in Managing and Maintaining the End of Poliomyelitis: Stockpile Needs and Coordinated OPV Cessation
2015Co-Authors: Kimberly M Thompson, Scd Radboud Duintjer J. TebbensAbstract:Context: Achieving successful eradication of a disease requires global cooperation to obtain a shared goal. Coordination of the endgame may seem an obvious requirement for success, but that does not ensure that cooperation will occur. Objective: To analytically explore the need for cooperation to maintain global Polio eradication specifically related to creation of a global Polio vaccine stockpile and coordination of oral Poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation. Design: Using risk and decision analysis and game theoretical concepts, we modeled the importance of global cooperation in managing the risks associated with Polioviruses for a time horizon of 20 years after successful global disruption of circulation of wild Polioviruses. Results: Countries may wish to avoid the financial costs of vaccination and risks for vaccine-associated Paralytic Polio following eradication of wild Polioviruses, which may lead them to reduce their use of OPV. However, reducing or stopping vaccination too soon and without coordination poses serious risks, including the possibility of reimportation of wild Polioviruses and the possibility of vaccine-derived Polioviruses. Analysis of the risks for potential outbreaks suggests the need for creation and maintenance of a global stockpile of vaccine for outbreak response. Game theoretical considerations show that coordination of OPV cessation optimizes expected costs and risks globally, despite the potential perceived incentives for countries to stop OPV earlier or later than other countries, or to continue OPV use indefinitely
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individual based modeling of potential Poliovirus transmission in connected religious communities in north america with low uptake of vaccination
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Kasper H Kisjes, Radboud Duintjer J Tebbens, Gregory S Wallace, Mark A Pallansch, Stephen L Cochi, Steven G F Wassilak, Kimberly M ThompsonAbstract:BACKGROUND: Pockets of undervaccinated individuals continue to raise concerns about their potential to sustain epidemic transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Prior importations of live Polioviruses (LPVs) into Amish communities in North America led to their recognition as a potential and identifiable linked network of undervaccinated individuals. METHODS: We developed an individual-based model to explore the potential transmission of a LPV throughout the North American Amish population. RESULTS: Our model demonstrates the expected limited impact associated with the historical importations, which occurred in isolated communities during the low season for Poliovirus transmission. We show that some conditions could potentially lead to wider circulation of LPVs and cases of Paralytic Polio in Amish communities if an importation occurred during or after 2013. The impact will depend on the uncertain historical immunity to Poliovirus infection among members of the community. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity in immunization coverage represents a risk factor for potential outbreaks of Polio if introduction of a LPV occurs, although overall high population immunity in North America suggests that transmission would remain relatively limited. Efforts to prevent spread between Amish church districts with any feasible measures may offer the best opportunity to contain an outbreak and limit its size.
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oral Poliovirus vaccine evolution and insights relevant to modeling the risks of circulating vaccine derived Polioviruses cvdpvs
Risk Analysis, 2013Co-Authors: Radboud Duintjer J Tebbens, Mark A Pallansch, Stephen L Cochi, Steven G F Wassilak, Olen M. Kew, Cara C Burns, Jonghoon Kim, Steven M Oberste, Ousmane M Diop, Kimberly M ThompsonAbstract:The live, attenuated oral Poliovirus vaccine (OPV) provides a powerful tool for controlling and stopping the transmission of wild Polioviruses (WPVs), although the risks of vaccine-associated Paralytic Polio (VAPP) and circulating vaccine-derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks exist as long as OPV remains in use. Understanding the dynamics of cVDPV emergence and outbreaks as a function of population immunity and other risk factors may help to improve risk management and the development of strategies to respond to possible outbreaks. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature related to the process of OPV evolution and information available from actual experiences with cVDPV outbreaks. Only a relatively small fraction of Poliovirus infections cause symptoms, which makes direct observation of the trajectory of OPV evolution within a population impractical and leads to significant uncertainty. Despite a large global surveillance system, the existing genetic sequence data largely provide information about transmitted virulent Polioviruses that caused acute flaccid paralysis, and essentially no data track the changes that occur in OPV sequences as the viruses transmit largely asymptomatically through real populations with suboptimal immunity. We updated estimates of cVDPV risks based on actual experiences and identified the many limitations in the existing data on Poliovirus transmission and immunity and OPV virus evolution that complicate modeling. Modelers should explore the space of potential model formulations and inputs consistent with the available evidence and future studies should seek to improve our understanding of the OPV virus evolution process to provide better information for policymakers working to manage cVDPV risks.
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the case for cooperation in managing and maintaining the end of Poliomyelitis stockpile needs and coordinated opv cessation
The Medscape Journal of Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Kimberly M Thompson, Radboud Duintjer J TebbensAbstract:Context: Achieving successful eradication of a disease requires global cooperation to obtain a shared goal. Coordination of the endgame may seem an obvious requirement for success, but that does not ensure that cooperation will occur. Objective: To analytically explore the need for cooperation to maintain global Polio eradication specifically related to creation of a global Polio vaccine stockpile and coordination of oral Poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation. Design: Using risk and decision analysis and game theoretical concepts, we modeled the importance of global cooperation in managing the risks associated with Polioviruses for a time horizon of 20 years after successful global disruption of circulation of wild Polioviruses. Results: Countries may wish to avoid the financial costs of vaccination and risks for vaccine-associated Paralytic Polio following eradication of wild Polioviruses, which may lead them to reduce their use of OPV. However, reducing or stopping vaccination too soon and without coordination poses serious risks, including the possibility of reimportation of wild Polioviruses and the possibility of vaccine-derived Polioviruses. Analysis of the risks for potential outbreaks suggests the need for creation and maintenance of a global stockpile of vaccine for outbreak response. Game theoretical considerations show that coordination of OPV cessation optimizes expected costs and risks globally, despite the potential perceived incentives for countries to stop OPV earlier or later than other countries, or to continue OPV use indefinitely. Conclusions: This article makes the strong case for global cooperation on risk management and suggests that even though individual countries may perceive their own risks as small, risks at the global level warrant cooperative action and coordination of OPV cessation.
Christian A. Vedeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gm1 antibodies in post Polio syndrome and previous Paralytic Polio
Journal of Neuroimmunology, 2003Co-Authors: Elisabeth Farbu, Ole-bjørn Tysnes, Tiina Rekand, Johan A Aarli, Nils Erik Gilhus, Christian A. VedelerAbstract:Abstract We studied the relationship between post-Polio syndrome (PPS) and GM1 antibodies, since such antibodies have been associated with PPS and motor neuron disorders. Sera from 144 patients with previous Poliomyelitis (105 Paralytic, 22 nonParalytic and 17 PPS), 60 with previous Guillain-Barre syndrome, 44 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 22 healthy blood donors were analyzed with ELISA for GM1 IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies. GM1 antibodies were present in 14% of the PPS patients, but the prevalence did not differ significantly from that of the other groups. Our study does not support the hypothesis that GM1 antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of PPS.
Torben Heien Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
Journal of Health Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the long-term effects of childhood disability on individuals’ educational and occupational choices, late-career labor market participation, and mortality. We merge medical records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence in this population. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors are more likely to obtain a university degree and to go on to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts. Our results are consistent with individuals making educational and occupational choices that reflect a shift in the comparative advantage of cognitive versus physical skills. We also find that Paralytic Polio patients from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to die prematurely than their non-Paralytic counterparts, whereas there is no effect on mortality among Polio survivors from more advantaged backgrounds.
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childhood health shocks comparative advantage and long term outcomes evidence from the last danish Polio epidemic
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018Co-Authors: Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossinslater, Miriam WustAbstract:A large literature documents that childhood health shocks have lasting negative consequences for adult outcomes. This paper demonstrates that the adversity of childhood physical disability can be mediated by individuals' educational and occupational choices, which reflect their comparative advantage. We merge records on children hospitalized with Poliomyelitis during the 1952 Danish epidemic to census and administrative data, and exploit quasi-random variation in paralysis incidence. While childhood disability increases the likelihood of early retirement and disability pension receipt at age 50, Paralytic Polio survivors obtain higher education and are more likely to work in white-collar and computer-demanding jobs than their non-Paralytic counterparts.
