The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gregory M Fosco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
differential effects of family stress exposure and harsh Parental Discipline on child social competence
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Kristine L Creavey, Lisa M Gatzkekopp, Gregory M FoscoAbstract:Low family socioeconomic status (SES) is a robust risk factor for adverse child outcomes, yet the specific processes that account for this risk are not fully understood. This study examines whether and how variation in two adverse factors, stressful life events and harsh Parental Discipline, affect children’s social competence within a high-risk environment, and whether some children are more vulnerable to these effects than others. Data were collected from 207 families of kindergarten children at risk for behavioral maladjustment. Children’s physiological regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) measured during rest was examined as a moderator of risk exposure. Results indicate that both greater exposure to life stress and harsh Discipline were correlated with lower social competence. Although children’s resting RSA was not a direct predictor of their social competence, it moderated the association between life stress and social competence. Greater exposure to life stress was more strongly associated with lower social competence among children with lower resting RSA. Higher RSA may help to buffer the effects of stress and facilitate appropriate social development. RSA did not moderate the effects of harsh Discipline. This differential pattern of findings suggests that children’s physiological regulation can facilitate an effective response to situational stressors, but may be less efficacious in buffering against stress in the context of the parent-child relationship.
Robert Plomin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
negative Parental Discipline conduct problems and callous unemotional traits monozygotic twin differences study
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Essi Viding, Nathalie M. G. Fontaine, Bonamy R. Oliver, Robert PlominAbstract:Negative Parental Discipline is associated with increased risk of conduct problems. 1 Children who grow up in the same family can face markedly different Parental Discipline 2 and previous data using the monozygotic (MZ) twin differences design confirm that differences in negative Parental Discipline are a non-shared environmental risk factor associated with differences in the level of concurrent conduct problems. 3 Longitudinal MZ twin differences data also suggest that maternal negative emotional attitudes towards children at age 5 may be a causal environmental factor for the development of subsequent conduct problems at age 7. 4 To our knowledge, no research to date has used the MZ twin differences design to assess whether differences in negative Parental Discipline represent a possible causal environmental factor for the development of conduct problems. Moreover, no MZ twin differences studies have been conducted to assess whether negative Parental Discipline is a non-shared environmental factor contributing to the development of callous–unemotional traits. Callous–unemotional traits are a well-documented temperamental
-
Negative Parental Discipline, conduct problems and callous–unemotional traits: monozygotic twin differences study
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2009Co-Authors: Essi Viding, Nathalie M. G. Fontaine, Bonamy R. Oliver, Robert PlominAbstract:Negative Parental Discipline is associated with increased risk of conduct problems. 1 Children who grow up in the same family can face markedly different Parental Discipline 2 and previous data using the monozygotic (MZ) twin differences design confirm that differences in negative Parental Discipline are a non-shared environmental risk factor associated with differences in the level of concurrent conduct problems. 3 Longitudinal MZ twin differences data also suggest that maternal negative emotional attitudes towards children at age 5 may be a causal environmental factor for the development of subsequent conduct problems at age 7. 4 To our knowledge, no research to date has used the MZ twin differences design to assess whether differences in negative Parental Discipline represent a possible causal environmental factor for the development of conduct problems. Moreover, no MZ twin differences studies have been conducted to assess whether negative Parental Discipline is a non-shared environmental factor contributing to the development of callous–unemotional traits. Callous–unemotional traits are a well-documented temperamental
Eric Emerson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the exposure of children with and without disabilities to violent Parental Discipline cross sectional surveys in 17 middle and low income countries
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2021Co-Authors: Eric Emerson, Gwynnyth LlewellynAbstract:Abstract Background Children with disabilities in high-income countries are more likely than their peers to be exposed to violence. To date, only two studies have reported nationally robust data on the association between child disabilities and exposure to violent Parental Discipline. Objective To estimate prevalence rates and adjusted rate ratios of exposure to violent Parental Discipline among children with and without disabilities in middle- and low-income countries. Participants and Setting Nationally representative samples involving a total of 206,147 children aged 2−14 from 17 countries. Methods Secondary analysis of data collected in UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Results Children with disabilities were at significantly greater risk of exposure than children without disabilities to all eight forms of violent Parental Discipline and the total number of forms they were exposed to. For what could be considered the most abusive form of violent Discipline (beating a child up ‘as hard as one could’) they were 71 % more likely to have been exposed in the previous month than other children (age and gender adjusted prevalence rate ratio = 1.71 (95 %CI 1.64−1.78), p Conclusions Children with disabilities are at greater risk of exposure to all forms of violent Parental Discipline than children without disabilities in middle- and low-income countries.
Ralph E. Tarter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Reciprocal influence of parent Discipline and child's behavior on risk for substance use disorder: a nine-year prospective study.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2007Co-Authors: Ada C. Mezzich, Ralph E. Tarter, Levent Kirisci, Ulrike Feske, Bang-shuih Day, Zhongcui GaoAbstract:Aim: This study aimed at determining the association of father's and mother's (Parental) substance use disorder (SUD) and Discipline styles and son's neurobehavior disinhibition (ND) with son's SUD from childhood (age 10–12) to young adulthood (age 19). It was hypothesized that (1) Parental Discipline styles and son's ND mediate the association between Parental SUD and son's SUD, (2) son's ND mediates the association between Parental Discipline styles and son's SUD, and (3) Parental Discipline styles mediate the association between ND and SUD in the son. Methods: Two-hundred-sixty-three families including a 10–12 year-old son and both parents participated in the study. Results: (1) mother's Discipline styles predicted father's Discipline styles, (2) son's ND predicted mother's instilling guilt positively and father's punishment negatively, (3) son's ND mediated the association between father's SUD and punishment and son's SUD, and (4) mother's SUD predicted son's ND and SUD. Conclusions: The reciprocal pr...
-
Interaction Between Childhood Temperament and Parental Discipline Practices on Behavioral Adjustment in Preadolescent Sons of Substance Abuse and Normal Fathers
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1996Co-Authors: Timothy C. Blackson, Ralph E. Tarter, Ada C. MezzichAbstract:We conducted this study with a sample of sons of fathers having a Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder (PSUD+, n = 55) and sons of fathers who did not qualify for a PSUD (PSUD-, n = 97). Parental Discipline practice from the child's perspective was investigated in relation to the child's difficult temperament to determine their association with sons' externalizing and internalizing behavior problems reported by mothers. PSUD+ status, difficult temperament in the boys, and their ratings of Parental Discipline practices accounted for a significant proportion of variance with respect to their externalizing behavior (11%), but only PSUD+ status had a main effect on internalizing behavior. However, the main finding of this study was that the interaction of Parental Discipline and difficult temperament in the child moderated both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, accounting for an additional 5% of an explained variance. Thus, this study illustrates the importance of the conjoint influence of children's temperament characteristics and Parental Discipline practices on the children's adjustment. These results support the findings from previous studies showing that a difficult temperament disposition places the child at risk for maltreatment by parents and for development of a disruptive behavior disorder. Both outcomes have been found in many investigations to presage alcohol and drug abuse in adolescence. The findings also underscore the importance of both individual and contextual variables for understanding the development of psychopathology. In this regard, the results show the need for prevention and treatment to encompass strategies directed at disaggregating the basis of maladaptive family interaction patterns.
-
Characteristics and Correlates of Child Discipline Practices in Substance Abuse and Normal Families
The American Journal on Addictions, 1993Co-Authors: Ralph E. Tarter, Timothy Blackson, Christopher S. Martin, Rolf Loeber, Howard B. MossAbstract:Sons of substance-abusing (SA+) fathers and sons of control (SA-) fathers were compared on measures of Parental Discipline, temperament, and problem behavior. It was found that Discipline was less effective in 10-12-year-old boys of SA+ parents compared with boys of SA+ parents. Children in the SA+ group also scored higher on the constellation of traits comprising a difficult temperament. IntheSA+group only, Parental Discipline explained a significant, albeit modest, amount of variance on the Child Behavior Checklist summary scores measuring the externalizing and internalizing behavior of the boys. Temperament did not exercise a moderating influence on the association between Parental Discipline and behavior.
Kristine L Creavey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
differential effects of family stress exposure and harsh Parental Discipline on child social competence
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Kristine L Creavey, Lisa M Gatzkekopp, Gregory M FoscoAbstract:Low family socioeconomic status (SES) is a robust risk factor for adverse child outcomes, yet the specific processes that account for this risk are not fully understood. This study examines whether and how variation in two adverse factors, stressful life events and harsh Parental Discipline, affect children’s social competence within a high-risk environment, and whether some children are more vulnerable to these effects than others. Data were collected from 207 families of kindergarten children at risk for behavioral maladjustment. Children’s physiological regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) measured during rest was examined as a moderator of risk exposure. Results indicate that both greater exposure to life stress and harsh Discipline were correlated with lower social competence. Although children’s resting RSA was not a direct predictor of their social competence, it moderated the association between life stress and social competence. Greater exposure to life stress was more strongly associated with lower social competence among children with lower resting RSA. Higher RSA may help to buffer the effects of stress and facilitate appropriate social development. RSA did not moderate the effects of harsh Discipline. This differential pattern of findings suggests that children’s physiological regulation can facilitate an effective response to situational stressors, but may be less efficacious in buffering against stress in the context of the parent-child relationship.
