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Michael T. Lynskey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parental Separation, Parental alcoholism, and timing of first sexual intercourse.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kelly A. Doran, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Alexis E. Duncan, Pamela A. F. Madden, Carolyn E. Sartor, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Abstract Purpose We examined timing of first voluntary sexual intercourse as a joint function of Parental Separation during childhood and Parental history of alcoholism. Methods Data were drawn from a birth cohort of female like-sex twins (n = 569 African ancestry [AA]; n = 3,415 European or other ancestry [EA]). Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first sex from dummy variables coding for Parental Separation and Parental alcoholism. Propensity score analysis was also employed to compare intact and separated families, stratified by predicted probability of Separation. Results Earlier sex was reported by EA twins from separated and alcoholic families, compared to EA twins from intact nonalcoholic families, with effects most pronounced through the age of 14 years. Among AA twins, effects of Parental Separation and Parental alcoholism were largely nonsignificant. Results of propensity score analyses confirmed unique risks from Parental Separation in EA families, where consistent effects of Parental Separation were observed across predicted probability of Separation. For AA families, there was poor matching on risk factors presumed to predate Separation, which limited interpretability of survival-analytic findings. Conclusions In European American families, Parental Separation during childhood is an important predictor of early-onset sex, beyond Parental alcoholism and other correlated risk factors. To characterize risk for African Americans associated with Parental Separation, additional research is needed where matching on confounders can be achieved.
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Risks for early substance involvement associated with Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation in an adolescent female cohort
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Alexis E. Duncan, Pamela A. F. Madden, Carolyn E. Sartor, Ellen L. Vaughan, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Abstract Background We examined timing of substance involvement as a joint function of Parental history of alcoholism and Parental Separation during childhood. Method Data were drawn from a large cohort of female like-sex twins [n = 613 African Ancestry (AA), n = 3550 European or other ancestry (EA)]. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first use of alcohol, first alcohol intoxication, first use and regular use of cigarettes, and first use of cannabis and other illicit drugs from dummy variables coding for Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation. Propensity score analysis was also conducted comparing intact and separated families by predicted probability of Parental Separation. Results In EA families, increased risk of substance involvement was found in both alcoholic and separated families, particularly through ages 10 or 14 years, with risk to offspring from alcoholic separated families further increased. In AA families, associations with Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation were weak and with few exceptions statistically nonsignificant. While propensity score findings confirmed unique risks observed in EA families, intact and separated AA families were poorly matched on risk-factors presumed to predate Parental Separation, especially Parental alcoholism, requiring cautious interpretation of AA survival-analytic findings. Conclusion For offspring of European ancestry, Parental Separation predicts early substance involvement that is not explained by Parental alcoholism nor associated family background characteristics. Additional research is needed to better characterize risks associated with Parental Separation in African American families.
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Parental Separation and early substance involvement: Results from children of alcoholic and cannabis dependent twins
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Julia D. Grant, Wendy S. Slutske, Anne L. Glowinski, Anjali K. Henders, Dixie J. Statham, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Background Risks associated with Parental Separation have received limited attention in research on children of parents with substance use disorders. We examined early substance involvement as a function of Parental Separation during childhood and Parental alcohol and cannabis dependence.
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Parental Separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Michael T. LynskeyAbstract:This paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years. Data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study were used to examine a sample of 935 children with respect to exposure to Parental Separation during childhood, measures of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years, and prospectively collected confounding factors. Children exposed to Parental Separation during childhood had elevated risks of a range of adolescent problems, including substance abuse or dependence, conduct or oppositional disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and early-onset sexual activity. However, adjustment for confounding factors explained a large amount of the increased risks of adolescent disorder, and after adjustment for confounders the odds ratios between exposure to Parental Separation and adolescent outcomes ranged from 1.07 to 3.32 with a median value of 1.46. The ways in which boys and girls responded to Parental Separation were similar. While the results suggested that children exposed to Parental Separation had increased risks of adolescent problems, much of this association appeared to be spurious and arose from confounding social and contextual factors that were present in the child's family before Parental Separation. However, even after such control, the results suggested that exposure to Parental Separation during childhood was associated with small but detectable increases in risks of adolescent conduct disorder, mood disorder, and substance abuse disorders.
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Parental Separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Michael T. LynskeyAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective This paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years. Method Data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study were used to examine a sample of 935 children with respect to exposure to Parental Separation during childhood, measures of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years, and prospectively collected confounding factors. Results Children exposed to Parental Separation during childhood had elevated risks of a range of adolescent problems, including substance abuse or dependence, conduct or oppositional disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and early-onset sexual activity. However, adjustment for confounding factors explained a large amount of the increased risks of adolescent disorder, and after adjustment for confounders the odds ratios between exposure to Parental Separation and adolescent outcomes ranged from 1.07 to 3.32 with a median value of 1.46. The ways in which boys and girls responded to Parental Separation were similar. Conclusions While the results suggested that children exposed to Parental Separation had increased risks of adolescent problems, much of this association appeared to be spurious and arose from confounding social and contextual factors that were present in the child's family before Parental Separation. However, even after such control, the results suggested that exposure to Parental Separation during childhood was associated with small but detectable increases in risks of adolescent conduct disorder, mood disorder, and substance abuse disorders.
David M. Fergusson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exposure to Parental Separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 2016Co-Authors: Myron D. Friesen, David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Lianne J. WoodwardAbstract:Background Previous research has documented that exposure to Parental Separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long-term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to Parental Separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort. Methods Data were drawn from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Information about exposure to Parental Separation and divorce was gathered annually from birth to 15 years. At the 30-year follow-up, all cohort members who had become parents (biological or nonbiological) were assessed on several parenting dimensions (sensitivity, warmth, overreactivity, inconsistency, quality of child management, and physical punishment). Results The analyses showed that exposure to more frequent Parental Separation in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower levels of Parental sensitivity and warmth, greater overreactivity, and an increased use of physical punishment as a parent, after controlling for a wide range of family socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and individual child characteristics. Conclusions The findings suggest that as exposure to Parental Separation increases, so does the likelihood of experiencing multiple developmental challenges in childhood and adolescence. As an adult, these life-course experiences can have small but significant associations with the quality of parenting behavior.
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Parental Separation divorce in childhood and partnership outcomes at age 30
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, Geraldine F. H. Mcleod, John L HorwoodAbstract:BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that children exposed to Separation/divorce may also experience relationship problems in adulthood. The aim of this investigation was to examine this issue in a birth cohort of over 900 New Zealand children studied to age 30. METHODS: Data were gathered over the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a 30 year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch (NZ) in 1977. The data collected included the following: (a) timing and number of Parental Separations and divorces from birth to 15 years; (b) partnership outcomes (16-30 years) of the number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships; positive partner relations; negative partner relations; partner adjustment/conduct problems; and interpartner violence victimization and perpetration; and (c) potential covariate factors. RESULTS: Study findings showed the presence of significant associations between childhood Parental Separations/divorces and number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships (16-30 years) (p CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the general associations between childhood Parental Separation/divorce and partner relationships in adulthood reflect the consequences of various contextual factors that are associated with childhood Parental Separation. Language: en
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Parental Separation/divorce in childhood and partnership outcomes at age 30
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 2013Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, Geraldine F. H. Mcleod, L. John HorwoodAbstract:BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that children exposed to Separation/divorce may also experience relationship problems in adulthood. The aim of this investigation was to examine this issue in a birth cohort of over 900 New Zealand children studied to age 30. METHODS: Data were gathered over the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a 30 year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch (NZ) in 1977. The data collected included the following: (a) timing and number of Parental Separations and divorces from birth to 15 years; (b) partnership outcomes (16-30 years) of the number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships; positive partner relations; negative partner relations; partner adjustment/conduct problems; and interpartner violence victimization and perpetration; and (c) potential covariate factors. RESULTS: Study findings showed the presence of significant associations between childhood Parental Separations/divorces and number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships (16-30 years) (p CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the general associations between childhood Parental Separation/divorce and partner relationships in adulthood reflect the consequences of various contextual factors that are associated with childhood Parental Separation. Language: en
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Timing of Parental Separation and Attachment to Parents in Adolescence: Results of a Prospective Study from Birth to Age 16
Journal of Marriage and Family, 2000Co-Authors: Lianne J. Woodward, David M. Fergusson, Jay BelskyAbstract:Using prospective longitudinal data from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), this paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the quality of adolescents' attachment to parents and their perceptions of Parental care and overprotection during childhood. Exposure to Parental Separation was significantly associated with lower attachment to parents in adolescence and more negative perceptions of maternal and paternal care and protection during childhood. When examined in relation to the developmental timing of first Separation, a linear relationship between the age at first Separation and later Parental attachment and perceived parent child relations was found. The younger the age of the child at the time of Separation, the lower their subsequent Parental attachment and the more likely they were to perceive both their mother and father as less caring and more overprotective. No gender differences were found in children's re spouses to Parental Separation. These findings persisted after control for the confounding effects of family social background, marital conflict, parenting, child behavior, and remarriage. Results supported the importance of the early childhood years for the development of a secure and enduring attachment relationship between children and their parents. Key Words: adolescence, attachment, divorce, parent-child relationships, Parental Separation. In many Western countries, there has been a substantial rise in the number of marriages ending in Separation and divorce. These increases in marital instability have led to rising concern about the short- and long-term effects of Parental Separation on children (Allison & Furstenberg, 1989; Amato, 1993; Amato & Keith, 1991; Chase-Lansdale, Cherlin, & Kiernan, 1995; Cherlin et al., 1991; Dawson, 1991; Fergusson, Horwood, & Lynskey, 1994; Fergusson, Lynskey, & Horwood, 1994; Furstenberg, 1990; Hetherington, Cox, & Cox, 1985; Hetherington, Stanley-Hagan, & Anderson, 1989; Peterson & Zill, 1986; Rutter, 1971). Most work in this area has focused on the cognitive and mental health outcomes for children, whereas little is known about the effect of Separation on the attachment relationships of parents and children from disrupted families. In this study, we examined the effects of Parental Separation on children's perceptions of the quality of parent-child relations in adolescence. ATTACHMENT AND ADOLESCENCE Attachment refers to the emotional bond that develops between a parent and child (Bowlby, 1982). It is argued that on the basis of early parent-child interactions, children develop mental representations or internal working models of their relationships with parents (Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). Parent-child relations that are warm, responsive, and stable foster the development of secure Parental attachments, whereas parenting that is rejecting or inconsistently responsive and available gives rise to insecure Parental attachment manifested by child avoidance or ambivalence toward the parent (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). These attachment styles are believed to become increasingly stable and resistant to change over the course of development, providing a prototype for expectations, strategies, and behavior in later relationships (Bretherton, 1985, 1992; Main et al., 1985). However, in response to recent data suggesting that attachment may be less stable than first presumed, it has been proposed that continuities in attachment style may depend on the stability of the childrearing environment over time (van IJzendoorn, 1996; Sroufe, 1988). Most attachment research has emphasized the importance of a secure attachment for infants and young children. However, with increasing theoretical attention being given to the role of internal working models, the relevance of attachment relations for well-being in adolescence and adulthood has been increasingly acknowledged. …
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Parental Separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Michael T. LynskeyAbstract:This paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years. Data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study were used to examine a sample of 935 children with respect to exposure to Parental Separation during childhood, measures of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years, and prospectively collected confounding factors. Children exposed to Parental Separation during childhood had elevated risks of a range of adolescent problems, including substance abuse or dependence, conduct or oppositional disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and early-onset sexual activity. However, adjustment for confounding factors explained a large amount of the increased risks of adolescent disorder, and after adjustment for confounders the odds ratios between exposure to Parental Separation and adolescent outcomes ranged from 1.07 to 3.32 with a median value of 1.46. The ways in which boys and girls responded to Parental Separation were similar. While the results suggested that children exposed to Parental Separation had increased risks of adolescent problems, much of this association appeared to be spurious and arose from confounding social and contextual factors that were present in the child's family before Parental Separation. However, even after such control, the results suggested that exposure to Parental Separation during childhood was associated with small but detectable increases in risks of adolescent conduct disorder, mood disorder, and substance abuse disorders.
L. John Horwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exposure to Parental Separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 2016Co-Authors: Myron D. Friesen, David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Lianne J. WoodwardAbstract:Background Previous research has documented that exposure to Parental Separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long-term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to Parental Separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort. Methods Data were drawn from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Information about exposure to Parental Separation and divorce was gathered annually from birth to 15 years. At the 30-year follow-up, all cohort members who had become parents (biological or nonbiological) were assessed on several parenting dimensions (sensitivity, warmth, overreactivity, inconsistency, quality of child management, and physical punishment). Results The analyses showed that exposure to more frequent Parental Separation in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower levels of Parental sensitivity and warmth, greater overreactivity, and an increased use of physical punishment as a parent, after controlling for a wide range of family socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and individual child characteristics. Conclusions The findings suggest that as exposure to Parental Separation increases, so does the likelihood of experiencing multiple developmental challenges in childhood and adolescence. As an adult, these life-course experiences can have small but significant associations with the quality of parenting behavior.
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Parental Separation/divorce in childhood and partnership outcomes at age 30
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 2013Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, Geraldine F. H. Mcleod, L. John HorwoodAbstract:BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that children exposed to Separation/divorce may also experience relationship problems in adulthood. The aim of this investigation was to examine this issue in a birth cohort of over 900 New Zealand children studied to age 30. METHODS: Data were gathered over the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). The CHDS is a 30 year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch (NZ) in 1977. The data collected included the following: (a) timing and number of Parental Separations and divorces from birth to 15 years; (b) partnership outcomes (16-30 years) of the number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships; positive partner relations; negative partner relations; partner adjustment/conduct problems; and interpartner violence victimization and perpetration; and (c) potential covariate factors. RESULTS: Study findings showed the presence of significant associations between childhood Parental Separations/divorces and number of cohabiting/marriage partnerships (16-30 years) (p CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the general associations between childhood Parental Separation/divorce and partner relationships in adulthood reflect the consequences of various contextual factors that are associated with childhood Parental Separation. Language: en
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Parental Separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Michael T. LynskeyAbstract:This paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years. Data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study were used to examine a sample of 935 children with respect to exposure to Parental Separation during childhood, measures of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years, and prospectively collected confounding factors. Children exposed to Parental Separation during childhood had elevated risks of a range of adolescent problems, including substance abuse or dependence, conduct or oppositional disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and early-onset sexual activity. However, adjustment for confounding factors explained a large amount of the increased risks of adolescent disorder, and after adjustment for confounders the odds ratios between exposure to Parental Separation and adolescent outcomes ranged from 1.07 to 3.32 with a median value of 1.46. The ways in which boys and girls responded to Parental Separation were similar. While the results suggested that children exposed to Parental Separation had increased risks of adolescent problems, much of this association appeared to be spurious and arose from confounding social and contextual factors that were present in the child's family before Parental Separation. However, even after such control, the results suggested that exposure to Parental Separation during childhood was associated with small but detectable increases in risks of adolescent conduct disorder, mood disorder, and substance abuse disorders.
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Parental Separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, Michael T. LynskeyAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective This paper examines the effects of Parental Separation on the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years. Method Data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study were used to examine a sample of 935 children with respect to exposure to Parental Separation during childhood, measures of adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviors at age 15 years, and prospectively collected confounding factors. Results Children exposed to Parental Separation during childhood had elevated risks of a range of adolescent problems, including substance abuse or dependence, conduct or oppositional disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and early-onset sexual activity. However, adjustment for confounding factors explained a large amount of the increased risks of adolescent disorder, and after adjustment for confounders the odds ratios between exposure to Parental Separation and adolescent outcomes ranged from 1.07 to 3.32 with a median value of 1.46. The ways in which boys and girls responded to Parental Separation were similar. Conclusions While the results suggested that children exposed to Parental Separation had increased risks of adolescent problems, much of this association appeared to be spurious and arose from confounding social and contextual factors that were present in the child's family before Parental Separation. However, even after such control, the results suggested that exposure to Parental Separation during childhood was associated with small but detectable increases in risks of adolescent conduct disorder, mood disorder, and substance abuse disorders.
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The effects of Parental Separation, the timing of Separation and gender on children's performance on cognitive tests.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 1994Co-Authors: David M. Fergusson, Michael T. Lynskey, L. John HorwoodAbstract:Abstract— The relationship between exposure to Parental Separation and measures of cognitive ability and school achievement was examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to the age of 13 years. Children who were exposed to Parental Separation following the point of school entry had mean test scores that were between. 1 and. 3 standard deviations lower than children who had not been exposed to Separation even when due allowance was made for potentially confounding variables. Separation prior to school entry was found to be unrelated to later outcomes after adjustment for confounding factors. There was no evidence to suggest that the effects of Separation varied with the child's gender. The association between Parental Separation after school entry and cognitive test scores was similar for children whose custodial parents remarried and those who did not remarry.
Andrew C. Heath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactive effects of maternal alcohol problems and Parental Separation on timing of daughter's first drink
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 2017Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Pamela A. F. Madden, Nicole K. Watkins, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Background Few studies examine risk to offspring who experience both Parental alcohol problems and Parental Separation and still fewer consider gender of the affected parent. We examined interactive effects of maternal versus paternal alcohol problems and Parental Separation on timing of first alcoholic drink in daughters. Methods Data were drawn from a sample of 3,539 European (or other) ancestry (EA) and 611 African ancestry (AA) female twins born between 1975 and 1985, median age 15 at first assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated predicting age at first full drink from Parental history of alcohol problems (mother only, father only, or both parents), Parental Separation during childhood, and the interaction of Parental alcohol problems and Parental Separation. Cox models were estimated without and with adjustment for correlated risk factors, separately for EA and AA twins. Results For both EA and AA twins, a significant interaction between Parental Separation and mother-only alcohol problems was observed, suggesting reduced risk of drinking associated with mother-only alcohol problems in separated versus intact families. Conclusions Findings highlight Parental Separation as an important moderator of risk to children of mothers who have a history of problem drinking, with interactive effects observed consistently across racial group. To identify underlying processes, additional research is needed with more detailed characterization of separated families where mother only has a history of alcohol problems.
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Parental Separation and Offspring Alcohol Involvement: Findings from Offspring of Alcoholic and Drug Dependent Twin Fathers
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 2015Co-Authors: Julia D. Grant, Mary Waldron, Alexis E. Duncan, Carolyn E. Sartor, Andrew C. Heath, Jeffrey F. Scherrer, Vivia V. Mccutcheon, Jon Randolph Haber, Theodore Jacob, Kathleen K. BucholzAbstract:Background We examined associations between Parental Separation during childhood and offspring alcohol involvement, adjusting for genetic and environmental risks specific to Parental alcohol (AD) and cannabis/other illicit drug dependence (DD). Methods The sample consisted of 1,828 offspring of male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry, who completed a telephone diagnostic interview. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted predicting onset of first use, transition from first use to first AD symptom, and transition from first use to AD diagnosis from paternal and avuncular AD and DD history, Parental Separation, and offspring and family background characteristics. Paternal/avuncular DD/AD was based on the DSM-III-R; offspring and maternal AD were based on DSM-IV criteria. Results Paternal DD/AD predicted increased offspring risk for all transitions, with genetic effects suggested on rate of transitioning to AD diagnosis. Parental Separation was predictive of increased risk for early alcohol use, but a reduced rate of transition to both AD symptom onset and onset of AD. No interactions between Separation and familial risk (indexed by paternal or avuncular DD/AD) were found. Conclusions Findings highlight the contribution of both Parental Separation and paternal substance dependence in predicting timing of offspring alcohol initiation and problems across adolescence into early adulthood.
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Parental Separation, Parental alcoholism, and timing of first sexual intercourse.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kelly A. Doran, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Alexis E. Duncan, Pamela A. F. Madden, Carolyn E. Sartor, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Abstract Purpose We examined timing of first voluntary sexual intercourse as a joint function of Parental Separation during childhood and Parental history of alcoholism. Methods Data were drawn from a birth cohort of female like-sex twins (n = 569 African ancestry [AA]; n = 3,415 European or other ancestry [EA]). Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first sex from dummy variables coding for Parental Separation and Parental alcoholism. Propensity score analysis was also employed to compare intact and separated families, stratified by predicted probability of Separation. Results Earlier sex was reported by EA twins from separated and alcoholic families, compared to EA twins from intact nonalcoholic families, with effects most pronounced through the age of 14 years. Among AA twins, effects of Parental Separation and Parental alcoholism were largely nonsignificant. Results of propensity score analyses confirmed unique risks from Parental Separation in EA families, where consistent effects of Parental Separation were observed across predicted probability of Separation. For AA families, there was poor matching on risk factors presumed to predate Separation, which limited interpretability of survival-analytic findings. Conclusions In European American families, Parental Separation during childhood is an important predictor of early-onset sex, beyond Parental alcoholism and other correlated risk factors. To characterize risk for African Americans associated with Parental Separation, additional research is needed where matching on confounders can be achieved.
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Risks for early substance involvement associated with Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation in an adolescent female cohort
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Alexis E. Duncan, Pamela A. F. Madden, Carolyn E. Sartor, Ellen L. Vaughan, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Abstract Background We examined timing of substance involvement as a joint function of Parental history of alcoholism and Parental Separation during childhood. Method Data were drawn from a large cohort of female like-sex twins [n = 613 African Ancestry (AA), n = 3550 European or other ancestry (EA)]. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first use of alcohol, first alcohol intoxication, first use and regular use of cigarettes, and first use of cannabis and other illicit drugs from dummy variables coding for Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation. Propensity score analysis was also conducted comparing intact and separated families by predicted probability of Parental Separation. Results In EA families, increased risk of substance involvement was found in both alcoholic and separated families, particularly through ages 10 or 14 years, with risk to offspring from alcoholic separated families further increased. In AA families, associations with Parental alcoholism and Parental Separation were weak and with few exceptions statistically nonsignificant. While propensity score findings confirmed unique risks observed in EA families, intact and separated AA families were poorly matched on risk-factors presumed to predate Parental Separation, especially Parental alcoholism, requiring cautious interpretation of AA survival-analytic findings. Conclusion For offspring of European ancestry, Parental Separation predicts early substance involvement that is not explained by Parental alcoholism nor associated family background characteristics. Additional research is needed to better characterize risks associated with Parental Separation in African American families.
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Parental Separation and early substance involvement: Results from children of alcoholic and cannabis dependent twins
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013Co-Authors: Mary Waldron, Michael T. Lynskey, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Julia D. Grant, Wendy S. Slutske, Anne L. Glowinski, Anjali K. Henders, Dixie J. Statham, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew C. HeathAbstract:Background Risks associated with Parental Separation have received limited attention in research on children of parents with substance use disorders. We examined early substance involvement as a function of Parental Separation during childhood and Parental alcohol and cannabis dependence.
Maria Rosvall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parental Separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking in adulthood: A population-based study:
Scandinavian journal of public health, 2019Co-Authors: Martin Lindström, Maria RosvallAbstract:Aims: The aim was to investigate associations between the experience of Parental Separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking in adulthood, adjusting for economic stress in childhood and adulthood and psychological health (General Health Questionnaire GHQ12). Methods: The 2012 public-health survey in Skane, southern Sweden, is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire population-based study with 28,029 participants aged 18–80 (51.7% response rate). Associations between Parental Separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking were investigated in multiple logistic regression models, with adjustments for economic stress in childhood and adulthood and psychological health. Results: A 17.6% weighted prevalence of men and 17.1% of women reported tobacco smoking. Significantly higher odds ratios of tobacco smoking were observed for men who had experienced Parental Separation/divorce in childhood at ages 0–4, 5–9 and 15–18 years and for women with this experience in childhood at ages 0–4, 5–9, 10–14 and 15–18 years, even after inclusion of economic stress in childhood in the final multiple models. No effect modification was observed for Parental Separation and psychological health and for Parental Separation and economic stress in childhood with regard to smoking. Conclusions: Experience of Parental Separation/divorce in childhood was significantly associated with tobacco smoking in adulthood for both sexes. There seems to be no specific critical period.
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Parental Separation in childhood and self-reported psychological health: A population-based study.
Psychiatry research, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Lindström, Maria RosvallAbstract:The aim of the present study is to investigate associations between Parental Separation/divorce during childhood, and self-reported psychological health, adjusting for social capital, social support, civil status and economic stress in childhood. A cross-sectional public health survey was conducted in the autumn of 2012 in Scania, southern Sweden, with a postal questionnaire with 28,029 participants aged 18-80. Associations between Parental Separation/divorce during childhood and self-reported psychological health (GHQ12) were investigated using logistic regressions. A 16.1% proportion of all men 22.4% of all women reported poor psychological health. Among men, 20.4% had experienced Parental Separation during childhood until age 18 years, the corresponding prevalence among women was 22.3%. Parental Separation/divorce in childhood was significantly associated with poor self-rated psychological health among men who had experienced Parental Separation/divorce at ages 0-4, and among women with this experience at ages 0-4, 10-14 and 15-18. These significant associations remained throughout the multiple analyses. The results support the notion that the experience of Parental Separation/divorce in childhood may influence psychological health in adulthood, particularly if it is experienced in the age interval 0-4 years.
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Parental Separation in childhood, social capital, and suicide thoughts and suicide attempts: A population-based study
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2015Co-Authors: Martin Lindström, Maria RosvallAbstract:Studies of the association between Parental Separation in childhood and suicide thoughts and attempts are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between Parental Separation/divorce during childhood, and ever having had suicide thoughts and ever having made suicide attempt, adjusting for social capital and other covariates. In 2012 a cross-sectional public health survey was conducted in Scania, southern Sweden, with a postal questionnaire with 28,029 participants aged 18-80. Associations between Parental Separation/divorce during childhood and ever having considered suicide or having made suicide attempt were analysed by logistic regression. Overall, 12.1% of the men and 15.5% of the women had experienced suicide thoughts, and 3.2% of the men and 5.3% of the women had ever tried committing suicide. Among men, 20.4% had experienced Parental Separation during childhood until age 18, and among women 22.3%. Parental Separation/divorce in childhood was with few exceptions significantly associated with ever having had suicide thoughts with the highest odds ratios for those who had experienced Parental Separation during ages 0-4 years. Parental Separation/divorce in childhood was significantly associated with suicide attempts among men who had experienced Parental Separation/divorce at ages 0-4 and 15-18, and among women at any age 0-18.
