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Slobodan Sukdolak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla
Biologia, 2009Co-Authors: Branislav Ranković, Marijana Mišić, Slobodan SukdolakAbstract:Antimicrobial features of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of lichens of Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla were investigated by two different methods at the same time. Testing of antimicrobial activities of extracts from five species of lichens was performed by disc diffusion test in relation to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal organisms, and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by Broth Tube Dilution method. The obtained results indicated that acetone and methanol extracts of all investigated lichens in different concentrations manifested selective antibacterial and antifungal activity. That activity was more evident in relation to Gram-positive, than Gram-negative bacteria and fungal organisms. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichens Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms, most of all of lichens Cladonia furcata and Parmelia caperata . Although, the methanol extracts were generally the most active against the test organisms, the lowest MIC value was measured for acetone extract of species Cladonia furcata 0.39 mg/mL in relation to bacterium Bacillus subtilis . Aqueous extracts of investigated lichens were inactive against all tested organisms.
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antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichens cladonia furcata Parmelia caperata Parmelia pertusa hypogymnia physodes and umbilicaria polyphylla
British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2007Co-Authors: Branislav Rankovic, M Misic, Slobodan SukdolakAbstract:The antimicrobial activity of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla is assessed. The extracts are tested on six species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi using the disk-diffusion method, and broth tube dilution is used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The tested bacteria were more sensitive than the tested fungi. Aqueous extracts of the investigated lichens showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the test organisms, whereas the acetone and methanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity. In general, methanol extracts had stronger activity than did acetone extracts. The strongest activity was recorded for the methanol extract of Parmelia pertusa, which had the lowest measured MIC value (0.78 mg/mL). The least active species was Parmelia caperata (highest MIC value: 50 mg/mL). Bacillus mycoides was the most sensitive of the tested bacterial species, while Candida albicans was the most sensitive fungal species.
Ana Crespo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a revision of species of the Parmelia saxatilis complex in the iberian peninsula with the description of p rojoi a new potentially relict species corrigendum
Lichenologist, 2020Co-Authors: Ana Crespo, Thorsten H Lumbsch, Victor J Rico, Elisa Martinez Garrido, Pradeep K DivakarAbstract:The species of the Parmelia saxatilis complex occurring in the Iberian Peninsula were revised. Eight species are accepted, including a new species found in southern Spain, described as P. rojoi A. Crespo, V. J. Rico & Divakar. The new species, which forms a sister-group relationship with P. saxatilis s. str., is rare in the Iberian Peninsula and is restricted to higher altitudes of northern and central Spain. Parmelia rojoi differs from P. saxatilis by generally narrower isidia and a more fragile thallus. The segregation of the new species is also supported by ITS (rDNA) and Mcm7 (MS456) phylogeny and multispecies coalescent-based approaches, including StarBEAST and BP&P. Furthermore, the divergence of P. rojoi is dated back to the Pleistocene, c. 2.13 Ma. A key to the identification of species from the P. saxatilis complex with their diagnostic features is provided. All species of the complex known from Europe are also found in the Iberian Peninsula. We hypothesize that P. rojoi is a relict species that survived the Pleistocene glaciations in refugia in Spain and has been unable to extend its distributional range in postglacial periods.
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differences in the sexual aposymbiotic phase of the reproductive cycles of parmelina carporrhizans and p quercina possible implications for their reproductive biology
Lichenologist, 2019Co-Authors: David Alors, Ana Crespo, Pradeep K Divakar, Y Cendonflorez, Gonzalez N Benitez, Mariela MolinaAbstract:Our knowledge of ontogenetic development and reproductive biology in lichen-forming fungi is rather poor. Here, we aim to advance our understanding of the reproductive biology of Parmelina carporrhizans and P. quercina for which mycobiont fungi of both species were cultured in aposymbiotic conditions from ascospores. For P. carporrhizans 48 hours were necessary for 98·6% of apothecia to eject spores, while for P. quercina 100% of apothecia ejected spores in the first 24 hours. In P. quercina, large apothecia ejected more spores than smaller ones. In both species the percentage of spores germinating seemed independent of apothecium size. The percentage germination was higher in P. carporrhizans (72·4%) than in P. quercina (14·3%). Moreover, P. carporrhizans was grown more successfully on culture media than P. quercina. These results suggest that these species have different reproductive strategies, given that P. carporrhizans expels larger spores and in greater numbers than P. quercina as well as having different nutritional requirements (since P. carporrhizans grew successfully in the selected media but P. quercina did not). These characteristics may explain the sympatric speciation of these species.
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origin and diversification of major clades in parmelioid lichens Parmeliaceae ascomycota during the paleogene inferred by bayesian analysis
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Paloma Cubas, Thorsten H Lumbsch, Pradeep K Divakar, Ana CrespoAbstract:There is a long-standing debate on the extent of vicariance and long-distance dispersal events to explain the current distribution of organisms, especially in those with small diaspores potentially prone to long-distance dispersal. Age estimates of clades play a crucial role in evaluating the impact of these processes. The aim of this study is to understand the evolutionary history of the largest clade of macrolichens, the parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) by dating the origin of the group and its major lineages. They have a worldwide distribution with centers of distribution in the Neo- and Paleotropics, and semi-arid subtropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using DNA sequences of nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA, and the protein-coding RPB1 gene. The three DNA regions had different evolutionary rates: RPB1 gave a rate two to four times higher than nuLSU and mtSSU. Divergence times of the major clades were estimated with partitioned BEAST analyses allowing different rates for each DNA region and using a relaxed clock model. Three calibrations points were used to date the tree: an inferred age at the stem of Lecanoromycetes, and two dated fossils: Parmelia in the parmelioid group, and Alectoria. Palaeoclimatic conditions and the palaeogeological area cladogram were compared to the dated phylogeny of parmelioid. The parmelioid group diversified around the K/T boundary, and the major clades diverged during the Eocene and Oligocene. The radiation of the genera occurred through globally changing climatic condition of the early Oligocene, Miocene and early Pliocene. The estimated divergence times are consistent with long-distance dispersal events being the major factor to explain the biogeographical distribution patterns of Southern Hemisphere parmelioids, especially for Africa-Australia disjunctions, because the sequential break-up of Gondwana started much earlier than the origin of these clades. However, our data cannot reject vicariance to explain South America-Australia disjunctions.
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parmelina quercina Parmeliaceae lecanorales includes four phylogenetically supported morphospecies
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2007Co-Authors: Arturo Arguello, Ruth Del Prado, Paloma Cubas, Ana CrespoAbstract:Morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the worldwide Mediterranean lichen forming fungus, Parmelina quercina, have been studied. Specimens from western Europe, western North America and southern Australia were analysed using molecular data (nuITS rDNA, nuLSU rDNA and mtSSU rDNA) and selected morphological features (upper cortex maculae, scanning electron microscopy examination of the epicortex, ascospores and conidia shape and size, and amphithecial retrorse rhizines). The results conclusively reveal that: (1) there is not one single species but four separate species in the Mediterranean or sub Mediterranean areas of the world. Parmelina quercina and Parmelina carporrhizans (Euroasiatic species), Parmelina coleae sp. nov. (North America) and Parmelina elixia sp. nov. (Australia); (2) largely debated P. carporrhizans is not a synonym of P. quercina but supported as a valid species circumscribed to Macaronesic relict sites; (3) the geographical isolation of the Australian population is correlated with a large genetic distance; (4) morphological characters (ascospores and conidial variability and thallus epicortex) correlate with the phylogenetic hypothesis; (5) the new or revalidated species within Parmelina quercina are not cryptic species but morphologically recognizable taxa. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 455–467.
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dna extraction and pcr amplification method suitable for fresh herbarium stored lichenized and other fungi
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Oscar F Cubero, Ana Crespo, Jamshid Fatehi, P D BridgeAbstract:This paper presents a DNA extraction method suitable for fresh, herbarium-stored, lichenized and other fungal specimens. The method is fast and reliable, comparatively inexpensive and is suitable for obtaining PCR amplification quality DNA from large numbers of samples in a short time. The method has been tested with over 300 samples ofAscochyta, Phyllosticta, Ramalina, Parmelia andPhysconia. Amplifiable fungal DNA was extracted from pure cultures, leaf lesions, whole thalli and dissected “only-fungal” sections of lichenized fungi. In addition, the method has proved suitable for use with herbarium specimens of both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, stored as dried pure cultures or dried infected plant material.
Gert Schansker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heat stress and the photosynthetic electron transport chain of the lichen parmelina tiliacea hoffm ach in the dry and the wet state differences and similarities with the heat stress response of higher plants
Photosynthesis Research, 2012Co-Authors: Abdallah Oukarroum, Reto J Strasser, Gert SchanskerAbstract:Thalli of the foliose lichen species Parmelina tiliacea were studied to determine responses of the photosynthetic apparatus to high temperatures in the dry and wet state. The speed with which dry thalli were activated by water following a 24 h exposure at different temperatures decreased as the temperature was increased. But even following a 24 h exposure to 50°C the fluorescence induction kinetics OJIP reflecting the reduction kinetics of the photosynthetic electron transport chain had completely recovered within 128 min. Exposure of dry thalli to 50°C for 24 h did not induce a K-peak in the fluorescence rise suggesting that the oxygen evolving complex had remained intact. This contrasted strongly with wet thalli were submergence for 40 s in water of 45°C inactivated most of the photosystem II reaction centres. In wet thalli, following the destruction of the Mn-cluster, the donation rate to photosystem II by alternative donors (e.g. ascorbate) was lower than in higher plants. This is associated with the near absence of a secondary rise peak (~1 s) normally observed in higher plants. Analysing the 820 nm and prompt fluorescence transients suggested that the M-peak (occurs around 2–5 s) in heat-treated wet lichen thalli is related to cyclic electron transport around photosystem I. Normally, heat stress in lichen thalli leads to desiccation and as consequence lichens may lack the heat-stress-tolerance-increasing mechanisms observed in higher plants. Wet lichen thalli may, therefore, represent an attractive reference system for the evaluation of processes related with heat stress in higher plants.
Branislav Rankovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the antimicrobial activity of the lichen substances of the lichens cladonia furcata ochrolechia androgyna Parmelia caperata and Parmelia conspresa
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2008Co-Authors: Branislav Rankovic, M MisicAbstract:ABSTRACTAntimicrobial activity of fumarprotocetraric acid, lecanoric acid, protocetraric acid and stictic acid isolated from the lichen of Cladonia furcata, Ochrolechia androgyna, Parmelia caperata and Parmelia conspresa was studied in relation to the following species of microorganiosms: Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Botrytis cinerea, Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor mucedo, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium purpurescens, Penicillium verrucosum, Trichoderma harsianum. The antimicrobal activity was estimated by determining the minimal inhibited concentration (MIC) by the Broth tube Dilution method. The researched lichen components ihibited the growth of all the tested microrganisms. The bacterias showed a highrer sensitivity relative to fungi. The lowest MCI value (0.031 mg/mL) was measured for the fumarprotocetraric acid related to the Klebsiella pneumoniae...
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antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichens cladonia furcata Parmelia caperata Parmelia pertusa hypogymnia physodes and umbilicaria polyphylla
British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2007Co-Authors: Branislav Rankovic, M Misic, Slobodan SukdolakAbstract:The antimicrobial activity of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla is assessed. The extracts are tested on six species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi using the disk-diffusion method, and broth tube dilution is used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The tested bacteria were more sensitive than the tested fungi. Aqueous extracts of the investigated lichens showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the test organisms, whereas the acetone and methanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity. In general, methanol extracts had stronger activity than did acetone extracts. The strongest activity was recorded for the methanol extract of Parmelia pertusa, which had the lowest measured MIC value (0.78 mg/mL). The least active species was Parmelia caperata (highest MIC value: 50 mg/mL). Bacillus mycoides was the most sensitive of the tested bacterial species, while Candida albicans was the most sensitive fungal species.
K J Naveenkumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of antimicrobial property of lichen Parmelia perlata
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: B. Thippeswamy, N R Sushma, K J NaveenkumarAbstract:The species of Parmelia mentioned in India Materia Medica are useful in treating a number of ailments and they are used in large quantities as food supplement in India. In this study, the crude extracts obtained from the Parmelia perlata by cold and hot extraction method using different solvents were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that the antibacterial activity of P. perlata crude extracts was more on Clavibacter michiganensis, moderate on Pseudomonas solanacearum and it was less on Escherichia coli than streptomycin. The Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus nigricans were more susceptible, andAspergillus niger was less susceptible to all crude extracts than bavistin. The antibacterial activity was also high in compound-I and compound-II and it was least in compound-III, than streptomycin. The antibacterial activity of compound-II acted highly against C. michiganensisand P. solanacearum; it was less against to E. coli. The compound-I and compound-III were more active against C. michiganensis, moderately active against P. solanacearum and less active against to E. coli when compared to streptomycin. The antifungal activity was more in compound-II and moderate in compound-I and it was less in compound-III .The compound-II was more active against F. oxysporum and R. nigricans than compound-I and compound-III, and less active against A. niger than bavistin. The compound-I and compound-III did not show any activity against A. niger. The overall data presented indicates that the crude and isolated compounds of P. perlata extracts have antimicrobial property, in that antibacterial activity was found in all extracts than antifungal activity. Key words: Antimicrobial activity, extraction, agar diffusion.