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Bernadette Earley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef-suckler and dairy calves on Irish farms.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Mark Mcgee, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P
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genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef suckler and dairy calves on irish farms
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, M Mcgee, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P < 5 × 10-5) for the Passive Immunity and the disease traits, respectively. One SNP "ARS-BFGL-BAC-27914" reached Bonferroni genome wide significance (P < 1.15 × 10-6) for an association with serum IgG concentration in beef calves. Further work will evaluate these SNPs in larger cattle populations and assess their contribution to genomic selection breeding strategies, aimed towards producing more disease resistant livestock.
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Review: Passive Immunity in beef-suckler calves.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience, 2018Co-Authors: Mark Mcgee, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Colostrum-derived Passive Immunity is central to the health, performance and welfare of neonatal beef-suckler calves, and economics of beef-farming enterprises. Compared to dairy calves, mainly Holstein-Friesian, there is much less research carried out on Passive Immunity and associated factors in beef calves. Thus, this review aimed to summarise and interpret published information and highlight areas requiring further research. The transfer of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) from blood to mammary secretions is greater for beef × dairy cows compared to most beef breed types. Considerable between-animal variance is evident in first-milking colostrum yield and immunoglobulin concentration of beef-suckler cow breed types. First-milking colostrum immunoglobulin concentrations are similar for within-quarter fractions and for the front and rear quarters of the udder. First-milking colostrum yield is higher for beef × dairy cows than beef × beef and purebred beef breeds, and higher for multiparous than primiparous cows, but generally colostrum immunoglobulin concentration is relatively similar for each of the respective categories. Consequently, colostrum immunoglobulin mass (volume × concentration) production in beef cows seems to be primarily limited by colostrum volume. The effect of maternal nutrition during late gestation on colostrum yield is not well documented; however, most studies provide evidence that colostrum immunoglobulin concentration is not adversely affected by under-nutrition. Factors that impinge upon the duration between birth and first suckling, including dam parity, udder and teat anatomy and especially dystocia, negatively impact on calf Passive Immunity. Colostrum immunoglobulin mass ingested relative to birth weight post-parturition is the most important variable determining calf Passive Immunity. Research indicates that feeding the beef calf a colostrum volume equivalent to 5% of birth weight shortly after parturition, with subsequent suckling of the dam (or a second feed) 6 to 8 h later, ensures adequate Passive Immunity, equivalent to a well-managed suckling situation. Within beef-suckler cow genotypes, calf Passive Immunity is similar for many common beef breeds, but is generally higher for calves from beef × dairy cows. Compared to older cows, calves from younger cows, especially primiparous animals, have lower serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Most studies have shown no adverse impact of maternal dietary restriction on calf Passive Immunity. The prevalence of failure of Passive transfer (FPT) in beef calves varies considerably across studies depending on the test used, and what cut-off value is assumed or how it is classified. The accuracy and precision of methodologies used to determine immunoglobulin concentrations is concerning; caution is required in interpreting laboratory results regarding defining colostrum 'quality' and calf Passive immune 'status'. Further research is warranted on colostrum-related factors limiting Passive Immunity of beef calves, and on the validation of laboratory test cut-off points for determining FPT, based on their relationships with key health and performance measures.
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an observational study on Passive Immunity in irish suckler beef and dairy calves tests for failure of Passive transfer of Immunity and associations with health and performance
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: C G Todd, M Mcgee, Jennifer Mcclure, K Tiernan, P Crosson, E G Oriordan, I Lorenz, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Abstract The study objectives were to: 1) evaluate the diagnostic performance of Passive Immunity tests for classification of failure of Passive transfer (FPT) risk, based on their relationships with calf health and performance, and 2) describe the epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in suckler beef and dairy calves under Irish conditions. A total of 1392 suckler beef calves (n = 111 farms) and 2090 dairy calves (84 farms) were included in this observational study. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. Serum samples were analysed for total IgG concentration using an ELISA assay, total protein concentration by clinical analyser (TP – CA), globulin concentration, zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units, total solids percentage by Brix refractometer (TS – BRIX), and total protein concentration by digital refractometer (TP – DR). Crude and cause-specific morbidity, all-cause mortality, and standardised 205-day body weight (BW) were determined. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between suckler beef and dairy calves for morbidity, mortality, growth and Passive Immunity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine optimal test cut-offs for classification of health and growth outcomes. Overall, 20% of suckler beef and 30% of dairy calves were treated for at least one disease event by 6 mo. of age. Suckler beef calves had greater odds of bovine respiratory disease (BRD; odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8, 1.2–6.5, P = 0.01), navel infection (5.1, 1.9–13.2, P
Jean-michel Vandeweerd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic review and meta analysis of diagnostic accuracy of serum refractometry and brix refractometry for the diagnosis of inadequate transfer of Passive Immunity in calves
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Sébastien Buczinski, E. Gicquel, Gilles Fecteau, Y. Takwoingi, Munashe Chigerwe, Jean-michel VandeweerdAbstract:BACKGROUND Transfer of Passive Immunity in calves can be assessed by direct measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by methods such as radial immunodiffusion (RID) or turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA). IgG can also be measured indirectly by methods such as serum refractometry (REF) or Brix refractometry (BRIX). OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy of REF and BRIX for assessment of inadequate transfer of Passive Immunity (ITPI) in calves. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. METHODS Databases (PubMed and CAB Abstract, Searchable Proceedings of Animal Science) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Studies were eligible if the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of REF or BRIX was determined using direct measurement of IgG by RID or turbidimetry as the reference standard. The study population included calves <14 days old that were fed with natural colostrum (colostrum replacement products were excluded). Quality assessment was performed by the QUADAS-2 tool. Hierarchical models were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS From 1,291 references identified, 13 studies of 3,788 calves were included. Of these, 11 studies evaluated REF and 5 studies evaluated BRIX. The median (range) prevalence of ITPI (defined as calves with IgG <10 g/L by RID or TIA) was 21% (1.3-56%). Risk of bias and applicability concerns were generally low or unclear. For REF, summary estimates were obtained for 2 different cutoffs: 5.2 g/dL (6 studies) and 5.5 g/dL (5 studies). For the 5.2 g/dL cutoff, the summary sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) were 76.1% (63.8-85.2%) and 89.3% (82.3-93.7%), and 88.2% (80.2-93.3%) and 77.9% (74.5-81.0%) for the 5.5 g/dL cutoff. Due to the low number of studies using the same cutoffs, summary estimates could not be obtained for BRIX. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Despite their widespread use on dairy farms, evidence about the optimal strategy for using refractometry, including the optimal cutoff, are sparse (especially for BRIX). When using REF to rule out ITPI in herds, the 5.5 g/dL cutoff may be used whereas for ruling in ITPI, the 5.2 g/dL cutoff may be used.
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Sébastien Buczinski, E. Gicquel, Gilles Fecteau, Y. Takwoingi, Munashe Chigerwe, Jean-michel VandeweerdAbstract:Transfer of Passive Immunity in calves can be assessed by direct measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by methods such as radial immunodiffusion (RID) or turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA). IgG can also be measured indirectly by methods such as serum refractometry (REF) or Brix refractometry (BRIX). To determine the accuracy of REF and BRIX for assessment of inadequate transfer of Passive Immunity (ITPI) in calves. Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Databases (PubMed and CAB Abstract, Searchable Proceedings of Animal Science) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Studies were eligible if the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of REF or BRIX was determined using direct measurement of IgG by RID or turbidimetry as the reference standard. The study population included calves <14 days old that were fed with natural colostrum (colostrum replacement products were excluded). Quality assessment was performed by the QUADAS-2 tool. Hierarchical models were used for meta-analysis. From 1,291 references identified, 13 studies of 3,788 calves were included. Of these, 11 studies evaluated REF and 5 studies evaluated BRIX. The median (range) prevalence of ITPI (defined as calves with IgG <10 g/L by RID or TIA) was 21% (1.3-56%). Risk of bias and applicability concerns were generally low or unclear. For REF, summary estimates were obtained for 2 different cutoffs: 5.2 g/dL (6 studies) and 5.5 g/dL (5 studies). For the 5.2 g/dL cutoff, the summary sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) were 76.1% (63.8-85.2%) and 89.3% (82.3-93.7%), and 88.2% (80.2-93.3%) and 77.9% (74.5-81.0%) for the 5.5 g/dL cutoff. Due to the low number of studies using the same cutoffs, summary estimates could not be obtained for BRIX. Despite their widespread use on dairy farms, evidence about the optimal strategy for using refractometry, including the optimal cutoff, are sparse (especially for BRIX). When using REF to rule out ITPI in herds, the 5.5 g/dL cutoff may be used whereas for ruling in ITPI, the 5.2 g/dL cutoff may be used. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
C G Todd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef suckler and dairy calves on irish farms
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, M Mcgee, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P < 5 × 10-5) for the Passive Immunity and the disease traits, respectively. One SNP "ARS-BFGL-BAC-27914" reached Bonferroni genome wide significance (P < 1.15 × 10-6) for an association with serum IgG concentration in beef calves. Further work will evaluate these SNPs in larger cattle populations and assess their contribution to genomic selection breeding strategies, aimed towards producing more disease resistant livestock.
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Genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef-suckler and dairy calves on Irish farms.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Mark Mcgee, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P
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an observational study on Passive Immunity in irish suckler beef and dairy calves tests for failure of Passive transfer of Immunity and associations with health and performance
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: C G Todd, M Mcgee, Jennifer Mcclure, K Tiernan, P Crosson, E G Oriordan, I Lorenz, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Abstract The study objectives were to: 1) evaluate the diagnostic performance of Passive Immunity tests for classification of failure of Passive transfer (FPT) risk, based on their relationships with calf health and performance, and 2) describe the epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in suckler beef and dairy calves under Irish conditions. A total of 1392 suckler beef calves (n = 111 farms) and 2090 dairy calves (84 farms) were included in this observational study. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. Serum samples were analysed for total IgG concentration using an ELISA assay, total protein concentration by clinical analyser (TP – CA), globulin concentration, zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units, total solids percentage by Brix refractometer (TS – BRIX), and total protein concentration by digital refractometer (TP – DR). Crude and cause-specific morbidity, all-cause mortality, and standardised 205-day body weight (BW) were determined. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between suckler beef and dairy calves for morbidity, mortality, growth and Passive Immunity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine optimal test cut-offs for classification of health and growth outcomes. Overall, 20% of suckler beef and 30% of dairy calves were treated for at least one disease event by 6 mo. of age. Suckler beef calves had greater odds of bovine respiratory disease (BRD; odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8, 1.2–6.5, P = 0.01), navel infection (5.1, 1.9–13.2, P
Jennifer Mcclure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef suckler and dairy calves on irish farms
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, M Mcgee, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P < 5 × 10-5) for the Passive Immunity and the disease traits, respectively. One SNP "ARS-BFGL-BAC-27914" reached Bonferroni genome wide significance (P < 1.15 × 10-6) for an association with serum IgG concentration in beef calves. Further work will evaluate these SNPs in larger cattle populations and assess their contribution to genomic selection breeding strategies, aimed towards producing more disease resistant livestock.
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Genome wide association study of Passive Immunity and disease traits in beef-suckler and dairy calves on Irish farms.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Dayle Johnston, Mark Mcgee, Robert Mukiibi, Sinead M Waters, Carla Surlis, Jennifer Mcclure, Matthew C Mcclure, C G Todd, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Calves with lower concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their blood, have a greater risk of developing diseases. There is a lack of knowledge on genetic markers known to be associated with immunological variability or disease resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with Passive Immunity measures (serum IgG, serum protein, albumin, globulin and total protein concentrations, total solids Brix percentage, zinc sulphate turbidity units) and disease (pneumonia, diarrhoea, crude illness) traits in Irish commercial beef-suckler and dairy calves through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping was performed on DNA samples from beef-suckler (n = 698) and dairy (n = 1178) calves, using the IDBv3 chip. Heritability of Passive Immunity associated traits (range 0.02-0.22) and the disease traits (range 0.03-0.20) were low-to-moderate. Twenty-five and fifteen SNPs approached genome wide significance (P
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an observational study on Passive Immunity in irish suckler beef and dairy calves tests for failure of Passive transfer of Immunity and associations with health and performance
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: C G Todd, M Mcgee, Jennifer Mcclure, K Tiernan, P Crosson, E G Oriordan, I Lorenz, Bernadette EarleyAbstract:Abstract The study objectives were to: 1) evaluate the diagnostic performance of Passive Immunity tests for classification of failure of Passive transfer (FPT) risk, based on their relationships with calf health and performance, and 2) describe the epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in suckler beef and dairy calves under Irish conditions. A total of 1392 suckler beef calves (n = 111 farms) and 2090 dairy calves (84 farms) were included in this observational study. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. Serum samples were analysed for total IgG concentration using an ELISA assay, total protein concentration by clinical analyser (TP – CA), globulin concentration, zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units, total solids percentage by Brix refractometer (TS – BRIX), and total protein concentration by digital refractometer (TP – DR). Crude and cause-specific morbidity, all-cause mortality, and standardised 205-day body weight (BW) were determined. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between suckler beef and dairy calves for morbidity, mortality, growth and Passive Immunity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine optimal test cut-offs for classification of health and growth outcomes. Overall, 20% of suckler beef and 30% of dairy calves were treated for at least one disease event by 6 mo. of age. Suckler beef calves had greater odds of bovine respiratory disease (BRD; odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8, 1.2–6.5, P = 0.01), navel infection (5.1, 1.9–13.2, P
Z Vogels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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failure of transfer of Passive Immunity and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in south west victorian dairy herds prevalence and risk factors
Australian Veterinary Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Z Vogels, G M Chuck, J M MortonAbstract:Objectives To determine the prevalence of failure of transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in south-west Victorian dairy herds and identify associated risk factors for both outcomes. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Serum total protein was measured in 1018 calves from 100 south-west Victorian dairy herds. The proportions of calves with FTPI and agammaglobulinaemia were determined and logistic regression with random effects used to identify calf- and herd-level variables associated with both conditions. Results In total, 38% of calves had FTPI and 8% of calves had agammaglobulinaemia. Two-thirds of herds had more than 25% of calves with FTPI. Jersey and Jersey-cross calves were less likely than Holstein-Friesian calves to have FTPI (odds ratio (OR) 0.53 and 0.57, respectively). Dairy–beef crossbreed calves were more likely to have agammaglobulinaemia than Holstein-Friesian calves (OR 3.52) and bull calves were more likely to have agammaglobulinaemia than heifer calves (OR 2.22). Removal of calves from the calving area less than twice a day was associated with increased odds of FTPI (OR 1.61) and agammaglobulinaemia (OR 1.97) relative to more frequent removal. Conclusion There is considerable potential to improve the transfer of Passive Immunity in dairy herds in south-west Victoria. The prevalence of both FTPI and agammaglobulinaemia is likely to be reduced by collecting calves from the calving area twice daily and hand-feeding them extra colostrum immediately after their removal from the calving area.
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Failure of transfer of Passive Immunity and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in south‐west Victorian dairy herds: prevalence and risk factors
Australian veterinary journal, 2013Co-Authors: Z Vogels, G M Chuck, John MortonAbstract:Objectives To determine the prevalence of failure of transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in south-west Victorian dairy herds and identify associated risk factors for both outcomes. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Serum total protein was measured in 1018 calves from 100 south-west Victorian dairy herds. The proportions of calves with FTPI and agammaglobulinaemia were determined and logistic regression with random effects used to identify calf- and herd-level variables associated with both conditions. Results In total, 38% of calves had FTPI and 8% of calves had agammaglobulinaemia. Two-thirds of herds had more than 25% of calves with FTPI. Jersey and Jersey-cross calves were less likely than Holstein-Friesian calves to have FTPI (odds ratio (OR) 0.53 and 0.57, respectively). Dairy–beef crossbreed calves were more likely to have agammaglobulinaemia than Holstein-Friesian calves (OR 3.52) and bull calves were more likely to have agammaglobulinaemia than heifer calves (OR 2.22). Removal of calves from the calving area less than twice a day was associated with increased odds of FTPI (OR 1.61) and agammaglobulinaemia (OR 1.97) relative to more frequent removal. Conclusion There is considerable potential to improve the transfer of Passive Immunity in dairy herds in south-west Victoria. The prevalence of both FTPI and agammaglobulinaemia is likely to be reduced by collecting calves from the calving area twice daily and hand-feeding them extra colostrum immediately after their removal from the calving area.
