The Experts below are selected from a list of 12213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christer Janson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in active and Passive Smoking in the european community respiratory health survey
European Respiratory Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Christer Janson, Thorarinn Gislason, Rain Jogi, Nino Kunzli, R De Marco, Susan Chinn, Deborah Jarvis, Cecilie Svanes, Joachim Heinrich, J SunyerAbstract:The aim of the present investigation was to study changes and determinants for changes in active and Passive Smoking. The present study included 9,053 adults from 14 countries that participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The mean follow-up period was 8.8 yrs. Change in the prevalence of active and Passive Smoking was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. Determinants of change were analysed and the results expressed as adjusted hazard risk ratio (HRR) or odds ratio (OR). The prevalence of active Smoking declined by 5.9% (5.1-6.8) and exposure to Passive Smoking in nonsmokers declined by 18.4% (16.8-20.0). Subjects with a lower educational level (HRR: 0.73 (0.54-0.98) and subjects living with a smoker (HRR: 0.45 (0.34-0.59)) or with workplace Smoking (HRR: 0.69 (0.50-0.95)) were less likely to quit. Low socio-economic groups were more likely to become exposed (OR: 2.21 (1.61-3.03)) and less likely to cease being exposed to Passive Smoking (OR: 0.48 (0.37-0.61)). In conclusion, the quitting rate was lower and the risk of exposure to Passive Smoking higher among subjects with lower socio-economic status. Exposure to other peoples Smoking decreased quitting rates and increased the risk of starting to smoke.
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the effect of Passive Smoking on respiratory health in children and adults
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2004Co-Authors: Christer JansonAbstract:Passive Smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), has been found to be causally associated with a large number of diseases in various organs although the evidence is sometimes conflicting. This review summarises the effects of Passive Smoking on respiratory symptoms, lung function and asthma in children and adults. In children, prenatal exposure to ETS is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of developing asthma, while postnatal exposure mainly acts as a trigger factor for respiratory symptoms and asthma attacks. In adults, ETS exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma, a small but significant impairment of lung function and increased bronchial responsiveness. The consequence of workplace exposure seems to be more serious than domestic exposure. Legislative measures banning Smoking at work have positive health effects in non-smokers and increase the quitting rate in smokers. Measures aimed at reducing childhood exposure to ETS should have high priority. Smoke cessation programmes for pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and for parents at the time of child hospitalisation for respiratory illness seem to have a fairly high success rate. Passive Smoking is a widespread, important and avoidable risk factor for respiratory symptoms in both children and adults. Reducing Passive Smoking in the community will have a large positive effect on respiratory health.
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effect of Passive Smoking on respiratory symptoms bronchial responsiveness lung function and total serum ige in the european community respiratory health survey a cross sectional study
The Lancet, 2001Co-Authors: Christer Janson, Susan Chinn, Deborah Jarvis, Janpaul Zock, Kjell Toren, Peter BurneyAbstract:Summary Background Passive Smoking is widespread, and environmental tobacco smoke contains many potent respiratory irritants. This analysis aimed to estimate the effect of Passive Smoking on respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, lung function, and total serum IgE in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Methods This analysis included data from 7882 adults (age 20–48 years) who had never smoked, from 36 centres in 16 countries.Information on Passive Smoking, respiratory symptoms,asthma,and allergic rhinitis was gathered through a structured interview.Spirometry and methacholine challenge were carried out,and total and specific IgE were measured.The effect of Passive Smoking was estimated by means of logistic and multiple linear regression for each country and combined across countries by random-effects meta-analysis Findings In 12 of the 36 centres, more than half the participants were regularly involuntarily exposed to tobacco smoke. The prevalence of Passive Smoking in the workplace varied from 2·5% in Uppsala, Sweden, to 53·8% in Galdakao, Spain. Passive Smoking was significantly associated with nocturnal chest tightness (odds ratio 1·28 [95% CI 1·02 to 1·60]), nocturnal breathlessness (1·30 [1·01 to 1·67]), breathlessness after activity (1·25 [1·07 to 1·47]), and increased bronchial responsiveness (effect −0·18 [−0·30 to −0·05]). Passive Smoking in the workplace was significantly associated with all types of respiratory symptoms and current asthma (odds ratio 1·90 [95% CI 0·90 to 2·88]). No significant association was found between Passive Smoking and total serum IgE. Interpretation Passive Smoking is common but the prevalence varies widely between different countries. Passive Smoking increased the likelihood of experiencing respiratory symptoms and was associated with increased bronchial responsiveness. Decreasing involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke in the community, especially in workplaces, is likely to improve respiratory health.
Catherine Callanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight children.
The Medical Journal of Australia, 1996Co-Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Geoffrey W. Ford, Anthony Olinsky, Annette M.l. Knoches, Catherine CallananAbstract:AIM: To determine if an adverse relationship exists between Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight (VLBW) children at 11 years of age. SETTING: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. PATIENTS: 154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birthweight born during the 18 months from 1 October 1980. METHODS: Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age was measured. Exposure to Passive Smoking was established by history; no children were known to be actively Smoking. The relationships between various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression. RESULTS: Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly diminished with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. In addition, variables indicative of air-trapping rose significantly with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. CONCLUSION: Passive Smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving VLBW children 11 years of age. Continued exposure to Passive Smoking, or active Smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in respiratory function in these children.
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Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight children.
The Medical Journal of Australia, 1996Co-Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Geoffrey W. Ford, Anthony Olinsky, Annette M.l. Knoches, Catherine CallananAbstract:AIM: To determine if an adverse relationship exists between Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight (VLBW) children at 11 years of age. SETTING: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. PATIENTS: 154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birthweight born during the 18 months from 1 October 1980. METHODS: Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age was measured. Exposure to Passive Smoking was established by history; no children were known to be actively Smoking. The relationships between various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression. RESULTS: Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly diminished with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. In addition, variables indicative of air-trapping rose significantly with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. CONCLUSION: Passive Smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving VLBW children 11 years of age. Continued exposure to Passive Smoking, or active Smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in respiratory function in these children.
Thorarinn Gislason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Smoking bans on Passive Smoking exposure at work and at home the european community respiratory health survey
Indoor Air, 2019Co-Authors: M. Olivieri, Joachim Heinrich, N. Murgia, A. E. Carsin, G. Benke, R. Bono, A. G. Corsico, P. Demoly, B. Forsberg, Thorarinn GislasonAbstract:This longitudinal study investigated whether Smoking bans influence Passive Smoking at work and/or at home in the same subjects. Passive Smoking at work and/or at home was investigated in random po ...
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changes in active and Passive Smoking in the european community respiratory health survey
European Respiratory Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Christer Janson, Thorarinn Gislason, Rain Jogi, Nino Kunzli, R De Marco, Susan Chinn, Deborah Jarvis, Cecilie Svanes, Joachim Heinrich, J SunyerAbstract:The aim of the present investigation was to study changes and determinants for changes in active and Passive Smoking. The present study included 9,053 adults from 14 countries that participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The mean follow-up period was 8.8 yrs. Change in the prevalence of active and Passive Smoking was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. Determinants of change were analysed and the results expressed as adjusted hazard risk ratio (HRR) or odds ratio (OR). The prevalence of active Smoking declined by 5.9% (5.1-6.8) and exposure to Passive Smoking in nonsmokers declined by 18.4% (16.8-20.0). Subjects with a lower educational level (HRR: 0.73 (0.54-0.98) and subjects living with a smoker (HRR: 0.45 (0.34-0.59)) or with workplace Smoking (HRR: 0.69 (0.50-0.95)) were less likely to quit. Low socio-economic groups were more likely to become exposed (OR: 2.21 (1.61-3.03)) and less likely to cease being exposed to Passive Smoking (OR: 0.48 (0.37-0.61)). In conclusion, the quitting rate was lower and the risk of exposure to Passive Smoking higher among subjects with lower socio-economic status. Exposure to other peoples Smoking decreased quitting rates and increased the risk of starting to smoke.
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the influence of active and Passive Smoking on habitual snoring
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Karl A Franklin, Thorarinn Gislason, E Omenaas, Rain Jogi, E J Jensen, Eva Lindberg, Maria Gunnbjornsdottir, Lennarth Nystrom, Birger Norderud Laerum, E BjornssonAbstract:The impact of active Smoking, Passive Smoking, and obesity on habitual snoring in the population is mainly unknown. We aimed to study the relationship of habitual snoring with active and Passive tobacco Smoking in a population-based sample. A total of 15,555 of 21,802 (71%) randomly selected men and women aged 25–54 years from Iceland, Estonia, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden answered a postal questionnaire. Habitual snoring, defined as loud and disturbing snoring at least 3 nights a week, was more prevalent among current smokers (24.0%, p < 0.0001) and ex-smokers (20.3%, p < 0.0001) than in never-smokers (13.7%). Snoring was also more prevalent in never-smokers exposed to Passive Smoking at home on a daily basis than in never-smokers without this exposure (19.8% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.0001). The frequency of habitual snoring increased with the amount of tobacco smoked. Active Smoking and Passive Smoking were related to snoring, independent of obesity, sex, center, and age. Ever Smoking accounted for 17.1% of the a...
Andrea Z Lacroix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences in active and Passive Smoking exposures and lung cancer incidence between veterans and non veterans in the women s health initiative
Gerontologist, 2016Co-Authors: Lori A Bastian, Ange Wang, Kristen E Gray, Eric C Derycke, Shireen Mirza, Jennifer M Gierisch, Sally G Haskell, Kathryn M Magruder, Heather A Wakelee, Andrea Z LacroixAbstract:Introduction: Women Veterans may have higher rates of both active and Passive tobacco exposure than their civilian counterparts, thereby increasing their risk for lung cancer. Purpose of the Study: To compare differences in active and Passive Smoking exposure and lung cancer incidence among women Veterans and non-Veterans using prospective data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Design and Methods: We used data from the WHI, which collected longitudinal demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on 161,808 postmenopausal women. We employed linear and multinomial regression and generalized linear models to compare active and Passive Smoking exposure between Veterans and non-Veterans and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate differences in lung cancer incidence rates. Results: After adjustment, Veterans had 2.54 additional pack years of Smoking compared with non-Veterans (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68, 3.40). Veterans also had a 1% increase in risk of any Passive Smoking exposure (95% CI 1.00, 1.02) and a 9% increase in risk of any workplace exposure (95% CI 1.07, 1.11) compared with non-Veterans. After adjustment for age and Smoking exposures, Veterans did not have a higher risk of lung cancer compared with non-Veterans (relative risk = 1.06 95% CI 0.86, 1.30). Implications: Women Veterans had higher rates of tobacco use and exposure to Passive Smoking, which were associated with a higher risk for lung cancer compared with non-Veterans. Clinicians who care for Veterans need to be aware that older women Veterans have more exposures to risk factors for lung cancer.
Lex W. Doyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight children.
The Medical Journal of Australia, 1996Co-Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Geoffrey W. Ford, Anthony Olinsky, Annette M.l. Knoches, Catherine CallananAbstract:AIM: To determine if an adverse relationship exists between Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight (VLBW) children at 11 years of age. SETTING: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. PATIENTS: 154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birthweight born during the 18 months from 1 October 1980. METHODS: Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age was measured. Exposure to Passive Smoking was established by history; no children were known to be actively Smoking. The relationships between various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression. RESULTS: Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly diminished with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. In addition, variables indicative of air-trapping rose significantly with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. CONCLUSION: Passive Smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving VLBW children 11 years of age. Continued exposure to Passive Smoking, or active Smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in respiratory function in these children.
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Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight children.
The Medical Journal of Australia, 1996Co-Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Geoffrey W. Ford, Anthony Olinsky, Annette M.l. Knoches, Catherine CallananAbstract:AIM: To determine if an adverse relationship exists between Passive Smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight (VLBW) children at 11 years of age. SETTING: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. PATIENTS: 154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birthweight born during the 18 months from 1 October 1980. METHODS: Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age was measured. Exposure to Passive Smoking was established by history; no children were known to be actively Smoking. The relationships between various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression. RESULTS: Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly diminished with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. In addition, variables indicative of air-trapping rose significantly with increasing exposure to Passive Smoking. CONCLUSION: Passive Smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving VLBW children 11 years of age. Continued exposure to Passive Smoking, or active Smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in respiratory function in these children.
