The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chetan Jinadatha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
disinfecting personal protective equipment with pulsed xenon ultraviolet as a risk mitigation strategy for health care workers
American Journal of Infection Control, 2015Co-Authors: Nagaraja Ganacharimallappa, Frank C Villamaria, Nicole Goulding, B D Tanner, Chetan Jinadatha, Sarah Simmons, Julie Stachowiak, Charles Dale, Mark StibichAbstract:The doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) after contamination with Pathogens such as Ebola poses a risk to health care workers. Pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection has been used to disinfect surfaces in hospital settings. This study examined the impact of PX-UV disinfection on an Ebola surrogate virus on glass carriers and PPE material to examine the potential benefits of using PX-UV to decontaminate PPE while worn, thereby reducing the Pathogen Load prior to doffing. Ultraviolet (UV) safety and coverage tests were also conducted. PX-UV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in viral Load on glass carriers and PPE materials. Occupational Safety and Health Administration–defined UV exposure limits were not exceeded during PPE disinfection. Predoffing disinfection with PX-UV has potential as an additive measure to the doffing practice guidelines. The PX-UV disinfection should not be considered sterilization; all PPE should still be considered contaminated and doffed and disposed of according to established protocols.
-
disinfecting personal protective equipment with pulsed xenon ultraviolet as a risk mitigation strategy for health care workers
American Journal of Infection Control, 2015Co-Authors: Nagaraja Ganacharimallappa, Frank C Villamaria, Nicole Goulding, B D Tanner, Chetan Jinadatha, Sarah Simmons, Julie Stachowiak, Charles Dale, Mark StibichAbstract:The doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) after contamination with Pathogens such as Ebola poses a risk to health care workers. Pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection has been used to disinfect surfaces in hospital settings. This study examined the impact of PX-UV disinfection on an Ebola surrogate virus on glass carriers and PPE material to examine the potential benefits of using PX-UV to decontaminate PPE while worn, thereby reducing the Pathogen Load prior to doffing. Ultraviolet (UV) safety and coverage tests were also conducted. PX-UV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in viral Load on glass carriers and PPE materials. Occupational Safety and Health Administration–defined UV exposure limits were not exceeded during PPE disinfection. Predoffing disinfection with PX-UV has potential as an additive measure to the doffing practice guidelines. The PX-UV disinfection should not be considered sterilization; all PPE should still be considered contaminated and doffed and disposed of according to established protocols.
Gregory D Wiens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression kinetics following challenge with flavobacterium psychrophilum in resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2016Co-Authors: Ivan Kutyrev, Beth M Cleveland, Timothy D Leeds, Gregory D WiensAbstract:Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp) is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) which causes appreciable economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture. We previously reported development of a genetic line, designated ARS-Fp-R that exhibits higher survival relative to a susceptible line, designated ARS-Fp-S, following either laboratory or natural on-farm challenge. The objectives of this study were to determine the temporal kinetics of gene expression between experimentally-challenged ARS-Fp-R and ARS-Fp-S fish and the correlation between gene expression and Pathogen Load. We developed a GeXP multiplex RT-PCR assay to simultaneously examine expression of immune-relevant genes, concentrating on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 ligand/receptor systems and acute phase response genes. Spleen tissue was sampled at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 144 h post-challenge and Pathogen Load quantified by qPCR. Transcript abundance of cytokine genes tnfa1, tnfa2, tnfa3, il1b1, il1b2, il11a; acute phase response genes saa and drtp1; and putative cytokine receptors il1r1-like-b, il1r2, tnfrsf1a, tnfrsf9, tnfrsf1a-like-b increased following challenge while the transcript abundance of il1r-like-1 and tnfrsf1a-like-a decreased compared to PBS-injected line-matched control fish. Principal component analysis identified transcript levels of genes il1r-like-1 and tnfrsf1a-like-a as exhibiting differential expression between genetic lines. In summary, Fp i.p. injection challenge elicited a proinflammatory cytokine gene expression response in the spleen, with ARS-Fp-R line fish exhibiting modestly higher basal expression levels of several putative cytokine receptors. This study furthers the understanding of the immune response following Fp challenge and differences in gene expression associated with selective breeding for disease resistance.
-
temporal and Pathogen Load dependent changes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss immune response traits following challenge with biotype 2 yersinia ruckeri
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Gregory D Wiens, Roger L VallejoAbstract:Rainbow trout infected with Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), produce a pro-inflammatory and acute-phase response attributed in part to the innate recognition of bacterial-produced flagellin. Recently, variants of Y. ruckeri have been identified that lack flagella and associated motility. These strains are classified as biotype 2 (BT2) Y. ruckeri and these are considered an emerging problem in salmonid aquaculture. Little is known about the salmonid immune response to these variants. Herein, we report temporal and quantitative changes in rainbow trout immune response parameters following a primary challenge with BT2 Y. ruckeri strain YRNC10. Fish were injection-challenged with ten-fold dilutions of viable bacteria and sampled on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-challenge. TNFalpha1 and IL1-beta1 transcripts were increased by day 1 post-challenge, and on days 3, 5 and 7 maximal gene transcript up-regulation occurred at a threshold of approximately 64-256CFU per mg spleen tissue. Infection induced robust SAA gene up-regulation that was significantly correlated with increased gene expression of IL-1beta1 (r=0.81, P<0.0001) and TNFalpha1 (r=0.55, P<0.0001). Y. ruckeri infection induced modest changes in INFgamma and Mx-1 gene transcript abundance at intermediate or high challenge doses and the expression patterns of both genes were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory gene and acute-phase gene transcription patterns. TNF superfamily 13b (BAFF) gene expression was significantly down-regulated in response to infection on days 3, 5 and 7 at the highest challenge doses. The spleen somatic index was significantly increased on days 3, 5 and 7 post-infection and positively correlated with spleen colony forming units and abundance of gene transcripts SAA, TNFalpha1, and IL1-beta1. In summary, rainbow trout had a strong innate response following challenge with BT2 Y. ruckeri strain YRNC10 indicating that flagellin expression is not required for production of a robust pro-inflammatory and acute-phase gene transcription response. This study further supports the use of SAA transcript abundance and spleen somatic index as general measures of immunological status and fish health.
Ruslan Medzhitov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
opposing effects of fasting metabolism on tissue tolerance in bacterial and viral inflammation
Cell, 2016Co-Authors: Andrew Wang, Sarah C Huen, Harding H Luan, Cuiling Zhang, Jeandominique Gallezot, Carmen J Booth, Ruslan MedzhitovAbstract:Summary Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of Pathogen Load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states. Video Abstract
Adrian R Martineau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
neutrophils in tuberculosis friend or foe
Trends in Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: David M Lowe, Paul S Redford, Robert J Wilkinson, Anne Ogarra, Adrian R MartineauAbstract:Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of mycobacterial infection, where they phagocytose bacilli. Whether neutrophils can kill mycobacteria in vivo probably depends on the tissue microenvironment, stage of infection, individual host, and infecting organism. The interaction of neutrophils with macrophages, as well as the downstream effects on T cell activity, could result in a range of outcomes from early clearance of infection to dissemination of viable bacteria together with an attenuated acquired immune response. In established disease, neutrophils accumulate in situations of high Pathogen Load or immunological dysfunction, and are likely to contribute to pathology. These activities may have clinical importance in terms of new treatments, targeted interventions and vaccine strategies.
Mark Stibich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
disinfecting personal protective equipment with pulsed xenon ultraviolet as a risk mitigation strategy for health care workers
American Journal of Infection Control, 2015Co-Authors: Nagaraja Ganacharimallappa, Frank C Villamaria, Nicole Goulding, B D Tanner, Chetan Jinadatha, Sarah Simmons, Julie Stachowiak, Charles Dale, Mark StibichAbstract:The doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) after contamination with Pathogens such as Ebola poses a risk to health care workers. Pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection has been used to disinfect surfaces in hospital settings. This study examined the impact of PX-UV disinfection on an Ebola surrogate virus on glass carriers and PPE material to examine the potential benefits of using PX-UV to decontaminate PPE while worn, thereby reducing the Pathogen Load prior to doffing. Ultraviolet (UV) safety and coverage tests were also conducted. PX-UV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in viral Load on glass carriers and PPE materials. Occupational Safety and Health Administration–defined UV exposure limits were not exceeded during PPE disinfection. Predoffing disinfection with PX-UV has potential as an additive measure to the doffing practice guidelines. The PX-UV disinfection should not be considered sterilization; all PPE should still be considered contaminated and doffed and disposed of according to established protocols.
-
disinfecting personal protective equipment with pulsed xenon ultraviolet as a risk mitigation strategy for health care workers
American Journal of Infection Control, 2015Co-Authors: Nagaraja Ganacharimallappa, Frank C Villamaria, Nicole Goulding, B D Tanner, Chetan Jinadatha, Sarah Simmons, Julie Stachowiak, Charles Dale, Mark StibichAbstract:The doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) after contamination with Pathogens such as Ebola poses a risk to health care workers. Pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection has been used to disinfect surfaces in hospital settings. This study examined the impact of PX-UV disinfection on an Ebola surrogate virus on glass carriers and PPE material to examine the potential benefits of using PX-UV to decontaminate PPE while worn, thereby reducing the Pathogen Load prior to doffing. Ultraviolet (UV) safety and coverage tests were also conducted. PX-UV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in viral Load on glass carriers and PPE materials. Occupational Safety and Health Administration–defined UV exposure limits were not exceeded during PPE disinfection. Predoffing disinfection with PX-UV has potential as an additive measure to the doffing practice guidelines. The PX-UV disinfection should not be considered sterilization; all PPE should still be considered contaminated and doffed and disposed of according to established protocols.