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Ronald E Wrolstad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of the stability of Pelargonidin based anthocyanins in strawberry juice and concentrate
    Journal of Food Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: G A Garzo, Ronald E Wrolstad
    Abstract:

    Strawberries were processed into juice (8° Brix) and concentrate (65° Brix) and different lots were fortified with Pelargonidin 3-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside, and acylated Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside 5-glucoside. Changes in pigment concentration, color (CIE L*a*b*) and ascorbic acid content were monitored during storage at 25 °C. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid degradations followed 1st order reaction kinetics. Fortification increased the half-life of the pigments from 3.5 to 5 d in concentrate and from 5 to 12 d in juice. The half-life of ascorbic acid was 2 d in juice samples and ranged from 3 to 10 d in concentrate samples. Both systems showed changes in chroma and hue angle, but maintained L* values.

  • Comparison of the Stability of Pelargonidin‐based Anthocyanins in Strawberry Juice and Concentrate
    Journal of Food Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: G.a. Garzón, Ronald E Wrolstad
    Abstract:

    Strawberries were processed into juice (8° Brix) and concentrate (65° Brix) and different lots were fortified with Pelargonidin 3-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside, and acylated Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside 5-glucoside. Changes in pigment concentration, color (CIE L*a*b*) and ascorbic acid content were monitored during storage at 25 °C. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid degradations followed 1st order reaction kinetics. Fortification increased the half-life of the pigments from 3.5 to 5 d in concentrate and from 5 to 12 d in juice. The half-life of ascorbic acid was 2 d in juice samples and ranged from 3 to 10 d in concentrate samples. Both systems showed changes in chroma and hue angle, but maintained L* values.

  • The stability of Pelargonidin-based anthocyanins at varying water activity
    Food Chemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: G.a. Garzón, Ronald E Wrolstad
    Abstract:

    Abstract The stability of Pelargonidin 3-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside 5-glucoside acylated with malonic and cinnamic acids was determined at varying water activities. Model systems, containing purified anthocyanin in pH 3.4 citrate buffer and glycerol, were stored at 25°C in the dark for 242 days. Changes in pigment, degradation index, and anthocyanin profile, as monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were studied. In general, anthocyanin degradation followed first order kinetics and the degree of anthocyanin degradation increased with water activity. Half lives of the anthocyanins ranged from 56 to 934 days. Changes in the chromatographic profile showed hydrolysis of Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside to Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and production of malonic acid from the acylated anthocyanin.

  • molar absorptivity and color characteristics of acylated and non acylated Pelargonidin based anthocyanins
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: M. Monica Giusti, Luis E Rodriguezsaona, Ronald E Wrolstad
    Abstract:

    The effects of glycosylation and acylation on the spectral characteristics, molar absorptivity, and color attributes of purified acylated and non-acylated Pelargonidin derivatives were compared. Pi...

  • elucidation of the structure and conformation of red radish raphanus sativus anthocyanins using one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998
    Co-Authors: M. Monica Giusti, Hamid Ghanadan, Ronald E Wrolstad
    Abstract:

    Different one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques were used to elucidate the structural conformation of purified anthocyanins obtained from red radish (Raphanus sativus). Two novel diacylated anthocyanins, Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside] 5-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-glucopyranoside) and Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranoside] 5-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-glucopyranoside), were characterized. Two other monoacylated anthocyanins were determined to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside] 5-O-(β-glucopyranoside) and Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranoside] 5-O-(β-glucopyranoside). Three-dimensional conformation of the molecule was investigated using NOESY techniques, which showed proximity between hydrogens from the cinnamic acid acylating group and the C-4 of the Pelargonidin. Keywords: Anthocyanins; red radish (Raphanus sativus L.); 1D and 2D NMR; ...

Toshio Honda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides from the Red-purple Flowers of Lobularia maritima
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Rie Usuki, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Six acylated Pelargonidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucosides were isolated from red-purple flowers of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’. These pigments were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(acyl-II)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(acyl-I)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-glucopyranoside, in which the acyl-I group was replaced by 4-O-glucosyl-p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid or ferulic acid, and acyl-II by caffeic acid or ferulic acid, respectively. In comparison with the floral anthocyanins of purple-violet flowers in L. maritima cultivar ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’, the molecular composition of organic acids and sugars of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ were identical, however, aglycones of both cultivars were different, and Pelargonidin is the floral anthocyanin of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ and cyanidin is that of ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’. Variations of the flower colors of these cultivars are responsible for the aglycone component in their floral anthocyanins. In this paper, the relation between flower color and anthocyanins in L. maritima cultivars is discussed.

  • anthocyanin occurrence in the root peels petioles and flowers of red radish raphanus sativus l
    Dyes and Pigments, 2008
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three novel acylated Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides were isolated from the root peels, petioles and flowers of red radish, Raphanus sativus ‘Cherry Mate’, in addition to five known anthocyanins namely, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside) and Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside). The structures of three new acylated anthocyanins were shown to be Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( trans -caffeoyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside), its demalonyl derivative, and Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( cis - p -coumaroyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside). These pigments were the main components present not only in the root but also in the petioles and flowers of red radish. p -Coumaroyl anthocyanins were the main pigments found in the root, petioles and flowers. Although the trans - p -coumaroyl form was abundant in all three plant organs, its cis form was present in very low amount within the root but in large amount in the flowers and petioles.

  • an acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside from the pale brownish red flowers of ipomoea nil
    Heterocycles, 2004
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Yasumasa Morita, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A structurally new acylated anthocyanin was isolated from the pale-brownish red flowers of a duskish-2 mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil or Pharbitis nil) as a major pigment together with a known anthocyanin. The new pigment was determined as Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside], and the known anthocyanin was identified to be Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside.

  • a novel acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside 5 glucoside from greyish purple flowers of the japanese morning glory
    Heterocycles, 2001
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A novel acylated anthocyanin was isolated from greyish-purple flowers of a dingy mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil or Ipomoea nil) with three known pigments as main pigments. This novel pigment was determined to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and the other three pigments (1, 2, and 4) were 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides of Pelargonidin and peonidin, and peonidin 3-O-[2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and Pelargonidin 3-glucoside were also detected as main pigments in two other mutants, duskish-1 and duskish-2, displaying pale-purple hue flowers.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin glucosides in the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil
    Phytochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Norio Saito, Masae Akaizawa, Masato Yokoi, Atsushi Shigihara, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Six Pelargonidin glycosides, four new acylated and two known anthocyanins, were isolated from the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil cultivars. The four new anthocyanins were determined to be Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside) as the main pigment and Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -(β-D-glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside), Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside), and peonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -(β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside) as the minor pigments. The two known pigments were Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside. A survey of 16 maroon cultivars showed that Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and its caffeyl congeners were the dominant flower pigments.

Norio Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides from the Red-purple Flowers of Lobularia maritima
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Rie Usuki, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Six acylated Pelargonidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucosides were isolated from red-purple flowers of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’. These pigments were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(acyl-II)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(acyl-I)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-glucopyranoside, in which the acyl-I group was replaced by 4-O-glucosyl-p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid or ferulic acid, and acyl-II by caffeic acid or ferulic acid, respectively. In comparison with the floral anthocyanins of purple-violet flowers in L. maritima cultivar ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’, the molecular composition of organic acids and sugars of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ were identical, however, aglycones of both cultivars were different, and Pelargonidin is the floral anthocyanin of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ and cyanidin is that of ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’. Variations of the flower colors of these cultivars are responsible for the aglycone component in their floral anthocyanins. In this paper, the relation between flower color and anthocyanins in L. maritima cultivars is discussed.

  • anthocyanin occurrence in the root peels petioles and flowers of red radish raphanus sativus l
    Dyes and Pigments, 2008
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three novel acylated Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides were isolated from the root peels, petioles and flowers of red radish, Raphanus sativus ‘Cherry Mate’, in addition to five known anthocyanins namely, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside) and Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside). The structures of three new acylated anthocyanins were shown to be Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( trans -caffeoyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside), its demalonyl derivative, and Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( cis - p -coumaroyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside). These pigments were the main components present not only in the root but also in the petioles and flowers of red radish. p -Coumaroyl anthocyanins were the main pigments found in the root, petioles and flowers. Although the trans - p -coumaroyl form was abundant in all three plant organs, its cis form was present in very low amount within the root but in large amount in the flowers and petioles.

  • an acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside from the pale brownish red flowers of ipomoea nil
    Heterocycles, 2004
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Yasumasa Morita, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A structurally new acylated anthocyanin was isolated from the pale-brownish red flowers of a duskish-2 mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil or Pharbitis nil) as a major pigment together with a known anthocyanin. The new pigment was determined as Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside], and the known anthocyanin was identified to be Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside.

  • a novel acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside 5 glucoside from greyish purple flowers of the japanese morning glory
    Heterocycles, 2001
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A novel acylated anthocyanin was isolated from greyish-purple flowers of a dingy mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil or Ipomoea nil) with three known pigments as main pigments. This novel pigment was determined to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and the other three pigments (1, 2, and 4) were 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides of Pelargonidin and peonidin, and peonidin 3-O-[2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and Pelargonidin 3-glucoside were also detected as main pigments in two other mutants, duskish-1 and duskish-2, displaying pale-purple hue flowers.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin glucosides in the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil
    Phytochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Norio Saito, Masae Akaizawa, Masato Yokoi, Atsushi Shigihara, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Six Pelargonidin glycosides, four new acylated and two known anthocyanins, were isolated from the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil cultivars. The four new anthocyanins were determined to be Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside) as the main pigment and Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -(β-D-glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside), Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside), and peonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -(β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside) as the minor pigments. The two known pigments were Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside. A survey of 16 maroon cultivars showed that Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and its caffeyl congeners were the dominant flower pigments.

Francisco J Heredia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessment of the differences in the phenolic composition of five strawberry cultivars fragaria x ananassa duch grown in two different soilless systems
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: Dolores Hernanz, Angeles F Recamales, Antonio J Melendezmartinez, Lourdes M Gonzalezmiret, Francisco J Heredia
    Abstract:

    The phenolics from different strawberry cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Diamante, Medina, and Ventana) cultivated in two different soilless systems (with and without recycling nutrient solution) were quantified to assess differences in their profiles as a function of both the variety and the cultivation system. Considering groups of phenols, it was found that either anthocyanins (including Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, Pelargonidin-3-acetylglucoside, and two unidentified Pelargonidin derivatives) or phenolic acids (including caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and ellagic acid) were quantitatively more important than those of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol); the ranges of values were 78.81−198.88, 49.77−128.37, and 12.85−43.04 μg/g, respectively. Considering individual compounds and after applying relevant pattern recognition techniques, it was concluded that the contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, and pel...

Atsushi Shigihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides from the Red-purple Flowers of Lobularia maritima
    Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Rie Usuki, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Six acylated Pelargonidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucosides were isolated from red-purple flowers of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’. These pigments were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(acyl-II)-β-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(acyl-I)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-glucopyranoside, in which the acyl-I group was replaced by 4-O-glucosyl-p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid or ferulic acid, and acyl-II by caffeic acid or ferulic acid, respectively. In comparison with the floral anthocyanins of purple-violet flowers in L. maritima cultivar ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’, the molecular composition of organic acids and sugars of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ were identical, however, aglycones of both cultivars were different, and Pelargonidin is the floral anthocyanin of ‘Easter Bonnet Deep Rose’ and cyanidin is that of ‘Easter Bonnet Violet’. Variations of the flower colors of these cultivars are responsible for the aglycone component in their floral anthocyanins. In this paper, the relation between flower color and anthocyanins in L. maritima cultivars is discussed.

  • anthocyanin occurrence in the root peels petioles and flowers of red radish raphanus sativus l
    Dyes and Pigments, 2008
    Co-Authors: Fumi Tatsuzawa, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Atsushi Shigihara, Koichi Shinoda, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three novel acylated Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides were isolated from the root peels, petioles and flowers of red radish, Raphanus sativus ‘Cherry Mate’, in addition to five known anthocyanins namely, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-glucoside, Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans - p -coumaroyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside) and Pelargonidin 3-[2-(glucosyl)-6-( trans -feruloyl)-glucoside]-5-(6-malonylglucoside). The structures of three new acylated anthocyanins were shown to be Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( trans -caffeoyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside), its demalonyl derivative, and Pelargonidin 3- O -[2- O -( β - d -glucopyranosyl)-6- O -( cis - p -coumaroyl)- β - d -glucopyranoside]-5- O -(6- O -malonyl- β - d -glucopyranoside). These pigments were the main components present not only in the root but also in the petioles and flowers of red radish. p -Coumaroyl anthocyanins were the main pigments found in the root, petioles and flowers. Although the trans - p -coumaroyl form was abundant in all three plant organs, its cis form was present in very low amount within the root but in large amount in the flowers and petioles.

  • an acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside from the pale brownish red flowers of ipomoea nil
    Heterocycles, 2004
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Yasumasa Morita, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A structurally new acylated anthocyanin was isolated from the pale-brownish red flowers of a duskish-2 mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil or Pharbitis nil) as a major pigment together with a known anthocyanin. The new pigment was determined as Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside], and the known anthocyanin was identified to be Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside.

  • a novel acylated Pelargonidin 3 sophoroside 5 glucoside from greyish purple flowers of the japanese morning glory
    Heterocycles, 2001
    Co-Authors: Toshio Honda, Norio Saito, Kenjiro Toki, Shigeru Iida, Atsushi Hoshino, Atsushi Shigihara
    Abstract:

    A novel acylated anthocyanin was isolated from greyish-purple flowers of a dingy mutant in the Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil or Ipomoea nil) with three known pigments as main pigments. This novel pigment was determined to be Pelargonidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and the other three pigments (1, 2, and 4) were 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides of Pelargonidin and peonidin, and peonidin 3-O-[2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, Pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and Pelargonidin 3-glucoside were also detected as main pigments in two other mutants, duskish-1 and duskish-2, displaying pale-purple hue flowers.

  • Acylated Pelargonidin glucosides in the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil
    Phytochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Norio Saito, Masae Akaizawa, Masato Yokoi, Atsushi Shigihara, Toshio Honda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Six Pelargonidin glycosides, four new acylated and two known anthocyanins, were isolated from the maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil cultivars. The four new anthocyanins were determined to be Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside) as the main pigment and Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -3- O -(β-D-glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside), Pelargonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside), and peonidin 3- O -(6- O -( trans -(β- d -glucosyl) caffeyl)-β- d -glucoside)-5- O -(β- d -glucoside) as the minor pigments. The two known pigments were Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside. A survey of 16 maroon cultivars showed that Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and its caffeyl congeners were the dominant flower pigments.