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Herbert Kolodziej - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aqueous ethanolic extract of the roots of Pelargonium sidoides new scientific evidence for an old anti infective phytopharmaceutical
Planta Medica, 2008Co-Authors: Herbert KolodziejAbstract:Among the Pelargonium-based herbal remedies that are widely used in traditional medical systems in the Southern African region is a highly valued root medicine (commonly termed UMCKALOABO) of initially unknown botanical origin for the treatment of infectious conditions of the respiratory tract including tuberculosis. Nowadays, a modern aqueous-ethanolic formulation of the roots of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630), developed from this traditional medicine, is successfully employed for the treatment of bronchitis. The article summarizes the fascinating story of this herbal medicine including its way to Europe, identification of the botanical origin, and provides background information of the many profound anti-infectious actions and clinical studies. In spite of considerable effort, the underlying chemical principle is still not clear.
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fascinating metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme traditional and phytomedicinal sources of the herbal medicine umckaloabo
Phytomedicine, 2007Co-Authors: Herbert KolodziejAbstract:The metabolic pools of Pelargonium sidoides DC and Pelargonium reniforme CURT, associated with the origin of the herbal medicine Umckaloabo, exhibit remarkable diversity and complexity. They comprise a variety of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, a notable wealth of highly oxygenated simple coumarins and a number of miscellaneous uncommon metabolites. Noteworthy, the roots of both species express conspicuously distinct coumarin variations that facilitate their identification. Of the range of coumarins identified the titled species shared the ubiquitous scopoletin and the unique members 6,7,8-trihydroxycoumarin and 8-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin merely. Furthermore, the current data on the coumarin profiles suggest the occurrence of coumarin sulphates and coumarin glycosides to be apparently confined to P. sidoides, while the occurrence of conventional proanthocyanidins was a common chemical feature. An unprecedented diterpene, designated as reniformin, was encountered in the roots of P. reniforme, possessing a novel diterpene skeleton linked to a unique p-oxyphenethansulfonic moiety. Coumarins were less abundant in the aerial parts of both species. These were rich in flavonoids and hydrolysable tannins including a unique series of O-galloyl-C-glucosylflavones (P. sidoides and P. reniforme) and novel ellagitannins with a (1)C(4) glucopyranose core in P. reniforme, trivially named pelargoniins, accompanied by the new 4-allyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenol-1-beta-D-glucoside. These Pelargoniums have thus represented an attractive source of fascinating secondary metabolites. A proprietary extract of the roots of P. sidoides, EPs 7630, has been developed from this traditional herbal medicine and introduced into modern phytotherapy in Europe. Structural examination of EPs 7630 constituents showed excellent agreement of the profile with that of P. sidoides.
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in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of Pelargonium reniforme Pelargonium sidoides and the related herbal drug preparation eps 7630
Phytomedicine, 2007Co-Authors: Herbert Kolodziej, Albrecht F KiderlenAbstract:The importance of Pelargonium species, most notably Pelargonium reniforme and Pelargonium sidoides, in traditional medicine in the Southern African region is well documented. Nowadays, a modern aqueous-ethanolic formulation of the roots of P. sidoides (EPs) 7630) is successfully employed for the treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders as well as respiratory tract infections. To provide a scientific basis of its present utilization in phytomedicine, EPs 7630, extracts and isolated constituents of the titled Pelargoniums with emphasis on P. sidoides were evaluated for antibacterial activity and for their effects on nonspecific immune functions. The samples exhibited merely moderate direct antibacterial capabilities against a spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Functional bioassays including an in vitro model for intracellular diseases, a fibroblast-lysis assay (tumour necrosis factor (TNF) activity), a fibroblast-virus protection assay (IFN activity) and a biochemical assay for nitric oxides revealed significant immunomodulatory properties. Gene expression experiments (iNOS, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, IL12, IL-18) not only confirmed functional data, they also clearly showed differences in the response of infected macrophages when compared to that of noninfected cells. ELISA confirmed the protein production of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha and IL-12, while FACS analyses reaffirmed the cytokines IL-1alpha and IL-12 at the singular cell level. The current data provide convincing support for the improvement of immune functions at various levels, hence, validating the medicinal uses of EPs 7630. Despite considerable efforts, the remedial effects cannot yet be related to a chemically defined principle.
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composition of the essential oils of Pelargonium sidoides dc and Pelargonium reniforme curt
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Oliver Kayser, Herbert Kolodziej, Klaus Peter Latte, F J HammerschmidtAbstract:The essential oils of Pelargonium sidoides DC. and P. reniforme Curt. were obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of the plants in 0.52% and 0.71% yields, respectively, related to the dry weight. Their composition was analysed by GLC and GC–MS. About 230 components have been detected in each of the Pelargonium oils, of which 102 (P. sidoides) and 81 (P. reniforme) could be unambiguously identified, accounting for about 65% and 49% of the total peak area, respectively. For both species, sesquiterpenes (approximately 60%) were the dominating components, with caryophyllene (2.3%) and caryophyllene epoxide (13%) as the most abundant compounds of the sesquiterpene fraction of the oil of P. sidoides, and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons δ-selinene (4.2%) and δ-cadinene (4.0%) as the main representatives of the oil of P. reniforme. Other major groups of the oil of P. sidoides comprised monoterpenes (16%) and phenylpropanoids (9%), the major compounds of the latter group being methyleugenol (4.3%) and elemicin (3.6%). By contrast, only monoterpenes were found in reasonable amounts (4.7%) in the related species P. reniforme. Detection of anacardic acids and furan-type constituents provide a rational explanation for insect deterrency by Pelargonium species. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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antibacterial activity of extracts and constituents of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme
Planta Medica, 1997Co-Authors: Oliver Kayser, Herbert KolodziejAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin, 5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, (+)-catechin, gallic acid and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), plant species used in folk medicine by the Southern African native population, was evaluated against 8 microorganisms, including 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus 1451) and 5 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varied with the preparation of the extracts and microorganisms tested, from about 0.6 mg/ml for aqueous phases to over 10 mg/ml for crude Pelargonium extracts. With the exception of the ineffective (+)-catechin, all the potentially active compounds exhibited antibacterial activities with MICs of 200-1000 micrograms/ml. The results provide for a rational basis of the traditional use of the titled Pelargonium species.
Oliver Kayser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition of the essential oils of Pelargonium sidoides dc and Pelargonium reniforme curt
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Oliver Kayser, Herbert Kolodziej, Klaus Peter Latte, F J HammerschmidtAbstract:The essential oils of Pelargonium sidoides DC. and P. reniforme Curt. were obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of the plants in 0.52% and 0.71% yields, respectively, related to the dry weight. Their composition was analysed by GLC and GC–MS. About 230 components have been detected in each of the Pelargonium oils, of which 102 (P. sidoides) and 81 (P. reniforme) could be unambiguously identified, accounting for about 65% and 49% of the total peak area, respectively. For both species, sesquiterpenes (approximately 60%) were the dominating components, with caryophyllene (2.3%) and caryophyllene epoxide (13%) as the most abundant compounds of the sesquiterpene fraction of the oil of P. sidoides, and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons δ-selinene (4.2%) and δ-cadinene (4.0%) as the main representatives of the oil of P. reniforme. Other major groups of the oil of P. sidoides comprised monoterpenes (16%) and phenylpropanoids (9%), the major compounds of the latter group being methyleugenol (4.3%) and elemicin (3.6%). By contrast, only monoterpenes were found in reasonable amounts (4.7%) in the related species P. reniforme. Detection of anacardic acids and furan-type constituents provide a rational explanation for insect deterrency by Pelargonium species. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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antibacterial activity of extracts and constituents of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme
Planta Medica, 1997Co-Authors: Oliver Kayser, Herbert KolodziejAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin, 5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, (+)-catechin, gallic acid and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), plant species used in folk medicine by the Southern African native population, was evaluated against 8 microorganisms, including 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus 1451) and 5 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varied with the preparation of the extracts and microorganisms tested, from about 0.6 mg/ml for aqueous phases to over 10 mg/ml for crude Pelargonium extracts. With the exception of the ineffective (+)-catechin, all the potentially active compounds exhibited antibacterial activities with MICs of 200-1000 micrograms/ml. The results provide for a rational basis of the traditional use of the titled Pelargonium species.
Melih Yaman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can the Pelargonium sidoides root extract eps 7630 prevent asthma attacks during viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in children
Phytomedicine, 2013Co-Authors: Fulya Tahan, Melih YamanAbstract:Abstract Introduction Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation. Viral infection initiates an immune inflammatory response that may produce asthma attacks. There is no effective preventing therapy for asthma attack during upper respiratory tract viral infections. Objective To investigate the efficacy of 5 days of Pelargonium sidoides therapy for preventing asthma attack during upper respiratory tract viral infections. Methods Sixty one asthmatic children with upper respiratory tract viral infection were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomized to receive Pelargonium sidoides daily for 5 days (n = 30) or not (n = 31). Before and after treatment, they all were examined and symptom scores were determined. Following five days treatment, children were evaluated whether or not they had an asthma attack. Results Treatment with Pelargonium sidoides was not associated with a statistically significant differences in fever and muscle aches (p > 0.05, Chi-square test). There were significant differences in cough frequency and nasal congestion between the groups (p Discussion Our study shows that Pelargonium sidoides may prevent asthma attacks during upper respiratory tract viral infections.
A Hensel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an extract of Pelargonium sidoides eps 7630 inhibits in situ adhesion of helicobacter pylori to human stomach
Phytomedicine, 2007Co-Authors: Nicole Wittschier, G Faller, A HenselAbstract:Root extract from Pelargonium sidoides DC is used therapeutically as antimicrobial agent against infections of the respiratory system. In order to elucidate possible modes of actions we investigated the influence of P. sidoides root extract on microbial adhesion with Helicobacter pylori as model microorganism, a germ with a strong adherence to human stomach tissue. In an in-situ anti-adhesion assay intact human stomach tissue from patient resectates was incubated with fluorescent-labelled bacteria. Epithelial adhesion occurred in untreated samples and was quantified by fluorescent microscopy. Pre-treatment of the bacteria with Pelargonium extract showed good anti-adhesive activity. The antiadhesive effect was clearly dose-dependent in a range from 0.001 to 10 mg/ml. Within agar diffusion-test the extract had no direct cytotoxicity against H. pylori. The results show that the root extract from Pelargonium sidoides is a potent anti-adhesive agent against H. pylori and could therefore be a useful choice to avoid the first step of a bacterial infection.
Johannes Van Staden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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medicinal properties and conservation of Pelargonium sidoides dc
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Mack Moyo, Johannes Van StadenAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Pelargonium sidoides DC. (Geraniaceae), a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments has been transformed into a phytopharmaceutical (EPs® 7360) for treating respiratory tract infections. The increasing international demand for Pelargonium sidoides has led to localised overexploitation of its wild populations in southern Africa. The aim of the review is to provide a synthesis of the current state of scientific knowledge on the phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Pelargonium sidoides as well as the potential role of plant biotechnology in its conservation. The review highlights knowledge gaps in these research areas. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search involving mainly electronic and library sources of information were used to collate and synthesise published data. Results Experimental results from in vitro studies indicate that bioactive phytochemical constituents of Pelargonium sidoides may not possess a direct antimicrobial effect, but instead act by interfering with microbial binding to host cell receptors, inhibition of key enzymes and the production of antimicrobial effector molecules such as nitric oxide and interferons (IFNs) by the host cells. Furthermore, clinical evaluations in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated the beneficial effect of Pelargonium sidoides in the treatment of respiratory tract infections with few side effects. However, there is lack of adequate information on the safety evaluation of the plant. On the other hand, the increasing demand for Pelargonium sidoides has led to localised illegal harvesting of wild plants. Conclusions Pharmacological data reported in literature suggest that Pelargonium sidoides shows a beneficial effect in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. However, more studies are required to elucidate the mode of action of the active constituents exhibited in the treatment of respiratory tract infections and other health conditions caused by microbial attack. Furthermore, the pharmacological usefulness of Pelargonium sidoides must take cognisance of the broader context involving the need for conservation-friendly approaches in its utilisation. In this regard, plant biotechnology applications can play a meaningful role in a holistic conservation strategy.
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conservation strategy for Pelargonium sidoides dc phenolic profile and pharmacological activity of acclimatized plants derived from tissue culture
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Mack Moyo, Adeyemi O Aremu, Jiri Gruz, Michaela Subrtova, Lucie Szucova, Karel Doležal, Johannes Van StadenAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae), a popular medicinal plant used in folk medicine in the treatment of respiratory-related infections has gained international prominence due to its usage in several herbal formulations. This has led to high demand and the subsequent decimation of wild populations. Aim of the study Using plant tissue culture techniques, Pelargonium sidoides plants were cloned in vitro, acclimatized under greenhouse conditions and evaluated for their phytochemical content and pharmacological activity. Methods Phenolic content in extracts of in vitro-derived, greenhouse-acclimatized and wild Pelargonium sidoides plants were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against bacterial and fungal strains were evaluated. Results Similarities in phenolic profiles were identified confirming the chemical signatures that characterize Pelargonium sidoides plants. Extracts of greenhouse-acclimatized and wild plants exhibited comparable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Conclusions Overall, the study highlights the potential of integrating plant tissue culture technologies in conservation strategies of medicinal plants. In particular, the results strongly suggest the feasibility of both large-scale cultivation and plant part substitution as alternative solutions to the current destructive overharvesting practices of wild Pelargonium sidoides populations.