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Véronique Julliand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high fiber or high starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, Gérard Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Four cecum and right ventral colon- fistulated horses were assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and fed a high-fiber (HF) or a high-starch (HS) diet with or without 10 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC; CBS 493.94) containing 4.5 × 10 9 cfu/g. The HF and HS diets consisted of Pelleted Feeds and long wheat straw (18.0 and 3.5 g of DM·kg −1 of BW·d −1 , respec- tively) given in 2 equal meals to provide an NDF:starch ratio of 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. After a 21-d adapta- tion period intestinal contents were collected 4 h after the morning meal on d 23 and 25 to determine bacte- rial and SC concentrations. Polysaccharidase activities (CMCase, xylanase, amylase) and activities of glycoside hydrolases (α-l-arabinosidase, β-d-cellobiosidase, β-d- glucosidase, β-d-xylosidase) were determined in liquid- associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from both compartments. Lactobacilli were increased in the cecum (P = 0.012) and colon (P = 0.086) when starch intake increased, whereas to- tal anaerobes, cellulolytics, and streptococci did not change in either compartment. In yeast-supplemented horses, SC concentrations were greater in cecum (4.4 × 10 6 cfu/mL) than in right-ventral colon (5.6 × 10 4 cfu/mL) and did no change with diet. Concentrations of lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers were greater (P = 0.099 and 0.067, respectively) in the cecum but re- mained similar in the colon of SC-supplemented horses. The CMCase activities of SAB were not affected by diet. Colonic xylanase activities of SAB were reduced (P = 0.046) by starch addition, but no change was seen in the cecum. All SAB glucoside hydrolase activi- ties in the cecum and colon, except β-d-xylosidase in the cecum, were decreased when starch intake was in- creased. The LAB CMCase (P = 0.049 in the colon) and xylanase (P = 0.021 in the cecum; P < 0.001 in the colon) activities decreased with starch intake. No effect of starch on LAB or SAB amylase activity was observed. Addition of SC improved SAB CMCase in the cecum (P = 0.019) and colon (P = 0.037) as well as β-d-cellobiosidase (P = 0.002) and β-d-glucosidase (P = 0.041) in the cecum. Only xylanase in the ce- cum (P = 0.015) and β-d-xylosidase in the cecum (P = 0.028) were improved with SC, whereas colonic LAB α-amylase activity was significantly decreased (P = 0.046). Most enzymes involved in plant cell wall diges- tion were increased after SC addition. This fact may contribute to explain a better digestion of fiber that has been previously reported in SC-supplemented horses.

  • Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, Gérard Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Four cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated horses were assigned in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed a high-fiber (HF) or a high-starch (HS) diet with or without 10 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC; CBS 493.94) containing 4.5 x 10(9) cfu/g. The HF and HS diets consisted of Pelleted Feeds and long wheat straw (18.0 and 3.5 g of DM.kg(-1) of BW.d(-1), respectively) given in 2 equal meals to provide an NDF: starch ratio of 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. After a 21-d adaptation period intestinal contents were collected 4 h after the morning meal on d 23 and 25 to determine bacterial and SC concentrations. Polysaccharidase activities (CMCase, xylanase, amylase) and activities of glycoside hydrolases (alpha-L-arabinosidase, beta-d-cellobiosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D-xylosidase) were determined in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from both compartments. Lactobacilli were increased in the cecum (P = 0.012) and colon (P = 0.086) when starch intake increased, whereas total anaerobes, cellulolytics, and streptococci did not change in either compartment. In yeast-supplemented horses, SC concentrations were greater in cecum (4.4 x 10(6) cfu/mL) than in right-ventral colon (5.6 x 10(4) cfu/mL) and did no change with diet. Concentrationsof lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers were greater (P = 0.099 and 0.067, respectively) in the cecum but remained similar in the colon of SC-supplemented horses. The CMCase activities of SAB were not affected by diet. Colonic xylanase activities of SAB were reduced (P = 0.046) by starch addition, but no change was seen in the cecum. All SAB glucoside hydrolase activities in the cecum and colon, except beta-D-xylosidase in the cecum, were decreased when starch intake was increased. The LAB CMCase (P = 0.049 in the colon) and xylanase (P = 0.021 in the cecum; P < 0.001 in the colon) activities decreased with starch intake. No effect of starch on LAB or SAB amylase activity was observed. Addition of SC improved SAB CMCase in the cecum (P = 0.019) and colon (P = 0.037) as well as beta-D-cellobiosidase (P = 0.002) and beta-D-glucosidase (P = 0.041) in the cecum. Only xylanase in the cecum (P = 0.015) and beta-D-xylosidase in the cecum (P = 0.028) were improved with SC, whereas colonic LAB alpha-amylase activity was significantly decreased (P = 0.046). Most enzymes involved in plant cell wall digestion were increased after SC addition. This fact may contribute to explain a better digestion of fiber that has been previously reported in SC-supplemented horses.

  • Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, J. Gobert, Gaelle Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Eight crossbred male horses aged 12 ± 5 yr and with BW of 305 ± 18 kg were used in pairs in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4 ground and Pelleted diets. Each pair included a cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated animal and a cecal-fistulated animal. The 4 horse diets were a high-fiber diet (HF+0) based on dehydrated alfalfa, a high-starch diet based on barley and wheat bran (HS+0), and the HF or HS diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) CBS 493.94 (HF+SC and HS+SC). The probiotic preparation contained 4.5 x 109 cfu/g of live yeast mixed with the culture medium, and was top-dressed onto the feed pellets at a rate of 10 g/d, equally distributed between the 2 daily meals. All 4 diets were offered in the same quantities (18.0 g of Pelleted feed DM + 3.5 g of long wheat straw/kg of BW per d). Each of the 4 experimental treatments was divided into a 21-d period of diet adaptation followed by a 10-d period of total fecal collection for digesta flow rate and apparent digestibility measurements. Three markers were used to measure mean retention time (MRT) of the feed particles: Yb bound to the Pelleted Feeds for MRT in the whole digestive tract (MRTYb), Eu bound to the Pelleted Feeds, and Dy bound to the fecal particles for MRT in the hindgut (MRTEu and MRTDy). Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP were greater (P < 0.001) in the HS than HF diet, independently of SC supplementation, whereas ADF digestibility was greatest in the HF diet (P = 0.035). Cellulolytic activity estimated through the in vitro disappearance rate of the dietary ADF fraction (IVADADF) was less (P < 0.001) in the HS than the HF diet. There was no dietary effect on NDF digestibility due to the longer MRTEu of small particles in the hindgut (P = 0.036), which compensated for the lower fibrolytic activity expressed per unit of time in the HS compared with the HF diet. Supplementation with SC improved ADF digestibility (P = 0.038) and stimulated DM (P = 0.030) and NDF (P = 0.038) intakes, but had no effect on the MRT of solid digesta. The absence of any significant diet x SC interaction supports the strategy of using SC to stimulate cellulose digestion and improve the nutritional status of horses under both HF and HS diets.

K C Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nutritional requirements and Feeds development for post larval spiny lobster a review
    Aquaculture, 2007
    Co-Authors: K C Williams
    Abstract:

    On-growing of wild-caught juvenile spiny (Palinuridae) lobsters to market size is an emerging aquaculture industry in Asia, Oceania and Central America but most notably in Vietnam where a US$90 million per annum industry flourishes. The sustainability of the supply of wild juveniles is an ever present threat to industry expansion, which ultimately may be overcome through successful life cycle closure. However, another and perhaps more imminent impediment is the present reliance on fresh fishery by-catch as a source of food for lobster culture. The decreasing availability and increasing cost of the by-catch, together with the downstream environmental impacts caused by this type of feeding, has focused attention on the need for more sustainable and environmentally-friendly Pelleted Feeds. Efforts to develop palatable and high performance Pelleted dry Feeds for spiny lobster grow-out have not met with a lot of success until recently. This paper reviews the progress that has been made and identifies where further research effort is needed.

D M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of diets for the tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus astaxanthin supplemented Feeds and mussel flesh
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2006
    Co-Authors: M C Barclay, Simon Irvin, Kevin C Williams, D M Smith
    Abstract:

    The fast-growing tropical lobster Panulirus ornatus is a good aquaculture candidate generating increased research to develop potential Feeds. We conducted a 12-week experiment, assessing growth, survival and tissue carotenoid levels of juvenile P. ornatus. Lobsters were fed either Pelleted Feeds supplemented with astaxanthin and containing 30, 60, 90 or 120 mg total carotenoid kg[superscript [-]1]; or one of two fresh mussel reference Feeds - blue Mytilus edulis and green-lipped Perna canaliculus. There was no clear dose response, in terms of growth rate, to increasing dietary astaxanthin content; mussel-fed lobsters had inferior growth rates. Twelve-week survival was unaffected by treatment. Whole lobster carotenoid (4.7, 16.7, 27.8 and 32.8 mg kg[superscript [-]1], dry matter basis) increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin; pre-treatment carotenoid was 22.2 mg kg[superscript [-]1]. Apparent total carotenoid content of the mussel-fed lobsters was unexpectedly high because of interference by other pigments. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of free astaxanthin levels varied from a pre-treatment value of 7.3 mg kg[superscript [-]1] to 2.0, 7.6, 12.5 and 23.6 mg kg[superscript [-]1] with increasing dietary astaxanthin, and 3.5 (green-lip) and 5.9 (blue) mg kg[superscript [-]1] for the mussel-fed lobsters. Although dietary astaxanthin, over the investigated range, did not affect growth rate or survival, there was a dose-response increase in tissue carotenoid content and darkening of the exoskeleton pigmentation, which may have important implications for immunocompetency and marketing. These implications are discussed in the context of Pelleted feed development for this species.

  • water immersion time reduces the preference of juvenile tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus for Pelleted dry Feeds and fresh mussel
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2005
    Co-Authors: Kevin C Williams, D M Smith, Simon Irvin, M C Barclay, S J Tabrett
    Abstract:

    Development of a Pelleted dry feed as an alternative to feeding fresh fishery by-catch is an environmental priority for tropical spiny lobster aquaculture. Earlier studies have shown the lobster's acceptance of Pelleted dry feed diminishes rapidly after immersion in water. In this work, we quantified the rate at which dry matter, total protein, soluble protein and individual and total free amino acids were lost from pieces of green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus, a commercially-extruded Penaeus japonicus (kuruma) shrimp feed (KSF) and four laboratory-made, fishmeal-based, Pelleted Feeds upon immersion for up to 7.5 h. The laboratory-made Feeds contained homogenates of either green-lipped mussel, polychaete (Marphysa sanguinea), prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) or squid (Sepioteuthis spp.). After being immersed in water for 0, 2.5 or 5 h, these same Feeds were offered as a paired choice with KSF in two preference feeding studies with juvenile Panulirus ornatus lobsters. The loobster's preference for fresh mussel always exceeded that of KSF, irrespective of immersion time. Regression of the proportional intake of test Feeds against the relative leach rate of KSF identified soluble protein, glycine and taurine as the principal leachate components having the highest positive correlations with the lobster's feeding preference.

  • response of the tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus to protein content of Pelleted feed and to a diet of mussel flesh
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2005
    Co-Authors: D M Smith, Kevin C Williams, Simon Irvin
    Abstract:

    In an 8-week growth experiment, juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) grew best on a feed containing at least 610 g kg−1 crude protein on a dry matter basis (DM) and a digestible protein to digestible energy ratio of 29.8 mg kJ−1. The study entailed a six treatment by four replicate randomized block experiment with 222 wild-caught P. ornatus of mean initial weight (±SD) of 2.5 ± 0.19 g. The lobsters were fed one of five isolipidic Feeds (approximately 130 g kg−1 DM) in which the crude protein was serially incremented between 330 and 610 g kg−1 DM, or a reference diet comprising the flesh of frozen green-lip mussels. Lobsters fed the Pelleted Feeds had high survival (79 ± 4.5%) and responded to increasing dietary crude protein content with progressively higher growth rates, with the daily growth coefficient improving from 0.72% day−1 with 330 g kg−1 crude protein to 1.38% day−1 with 610 g kg−1 crude protein. Both growth rate and survival were low with the mussel diet (0.80% day−1and 41 ± 4.5%, respectively). These results demonstrate that tropical spiny lobsters grow well when fed high-protein, high lipid, Pelleted Feeds, but feeding on a sole diet of freshly thawed green-lip mussels was unsatisfactory.

Simon Irvin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of diets for the tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus astaxanthin supplemented Feeds and mussel flesh
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2006
    Co-Authors: M C Barclay, Simon Irvin, Kevin C Williams, D M Smith
    Abstract:

    The fast-growing tropical lobster Panulirus ornatus is a good aquaculture candidate generating increased research to develop potential Feeds. We conducted a 12-week experiment, assessing growth, survival and tissue carotenoid levels of juvenile P. ornatus. Lobsters were fed either Pelleted Feeds supplemented with astaxanthin and containing 30, 60, 90 or 120 mg total carotenoid kg[superscript [-]1]; or one of two fresh mussel reference Feeds - blue Mytilus edulis and green-lipped Perna canaliculus. There was no clear dose response, in terms of growth rate, to increasing dietary astaxanthin content; mussel-fed lobsters had inferior growth rates. Twelve-week survival was unaffected by treatment. Whole lobster carotenoid (4.7, 16.7, 27.8 and 32.8 mg kg[superscript [-]1], dry matter basis) increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin; pre-treatment carotenoid was 22.2 mg kg[superscript [-]1]. Apparent total carotenoid content of the mussel-fed lobsters was unexpectedly high because of interference by other pigments. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of free astaxanthin levels varied from a pre-treatment value of 7.3 mg kg[superscript [-]1] to 2.0, 7.6, 12.5 and 23.6 mg kg[superscript [-]1] with increasing dietary astaxanthin, and 3.5 (green-lip) and 5.9 (blue) mg kg[superscript [-]1] for the mussel-fed lobsters. Although dietary astaxanthin, over the investigated range, did not affect growth rate or survival, there was a dose-response increase in tissue carotenoid content and darkening of the exoskeleton pigmentation, which may have important implications for immunocompetency and marketing. These implications are discussed in the context of Pelleted feed development for this species.

  • water immersion time reduces the preference of juvenile tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus for Pelleted dry Feeds and fresh mussel
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2005
    Co-Authors: Kevin C Williams, D M Smith, Simon Irvin, M C Barclay, S J Tabrett
    Abstract:

    Development of a Pelleted dry feed as an alternative to feeding fresh fishery by-catch is an environmental priority for tropical spiny lobster aquaculture. Earlier studies have shown the lobster's acceptance of Pelleted dry feed diminishes rapidly after immersion in water. In this work, we quantified the rate at which dry matter, total protein, soluble protein and individual and total free amino acids were lost from pieces of green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus, a commercially-extruded Penaeus japonicus (kuruma) shrimp feed (KSF) and four laboratory-made, fishmeal-based, Pelleted Feeds upon immersion for up to 7.5 h. The laboratory-made Feeds contained homogenates of either green-lipped mussel, polychaete (Marphysa sanguinea), prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) or squid (Sepioteuthis spp.). After being immersed in water for 0, 2.5 or 5 h, these same Feeds were offered as a paired choice with KSF in two preference feeding studies with juvenile Panulirus ornatus lobsters. The loobster's preference for fresh mussel always exceeded that of KSF, irrespective of immersion time. Regression of the proportional intake of test Feeds against the relative leach rate of KSF identified soluble protein, glycine and taurine as the principal leachate components having the highest positive correlations with the lobster's feeding preference.

  • response of the tropical spiny lobster panulirus ornatus to protein content of Pelleted feed and to a diet of mussel flesh
    Aquaculture Nutrition, 2005
    Co-Authors: D M Smith, Kevin C Williams, Simon Irvin
    Abstract:

    In an 8-week growth experiment, juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) grew best on a feed containing at least 610 g kg−1 crude protein on a dry matter basis (DM) and a digestible protein to digestible energy ratio of 29.8 mg kJ−1. The study entailed a six treatment by four replicate randomized block experiment with 222 wild-caught P. ornatus of mean initial weight (±SD) of 2.5 ± 0.19 g. The lobsters were fed one of five isolipidic Feeds (approximately 130 g kg−1 DM) in which the crude protein was serially incremented between 330 and 610 g kg−1 DM, or a reference diet comprising the flesh of frozen green-lip mussels. Lobsters fed the Pelleted Feeds had high survival (79 ± 4.5%) and responded to increasing dietary crude protein content with progressively higher growth rates, with the daily growth coefficient improving from 0.72% day−1 with 330 g kg−1 crude protein to 1.38% day−1 with 610 g kg−1 crude protein. Both growth rate and survival were low with the mussel diet (0.80% day−1and 41 ± 4.5%, respectively). These results demonstrate that tropical spiny lobsters grow well when fed high-protein, high lipid, Pelleted Feeds, but feeding on a sole diet of freshly thawed green-lip mussels was unsatisfactory.

J Pierre Jouany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high fiber or high starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, Gérard Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Four cecum and right ventral colon- fistulated horses were assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and fed a high-fiber (HF) or a high-starch (HS) diet with or without 10 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC; CBS 493.94) containing 4.5 × 10 9 cfu/g. The HF and HS diets consisted of Pelleted Feeds and long wheat straw (18.0 and 3.5 g of DM·kg −1 of BW·d −1 , respec- tively) given in 2 equal meals to provide an NDF:starch ratio of 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. After a 21-d adapta- tion period intestinal contents were collected 4 h after the morning meal on d 23 and 25 to determine bacte- rial and SC concentrations. Polysaccharidase activities (CMCase, xylanase, amylase) and activities of glycoside hydrolases (α-l-arabinosidase, β-d-cellobiosidase, β-d- glucosidase, β-d-xylosidase) were determined in liquid- associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from both compartments. Lactobacilli were increased in the cecum (P = 0.012) and colon (P = 0.086) when starch intake increased, whereas to- tal anaerobes, cellulolytics, and streptococci did not change in either compartment. In yeast-supplemented horses, SC concentrations were greater in cecum (4.4 × 10 6 cfu/mL) than in right-ventral colon (5.6 × 10 4 cfu/mL) and did no change with diet. Concentrations of lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers were greater (P = 0.099 and 0.067, respectively) in the cecum but re- mained similar in the colon of SC-supplemented horses. The CMCase activities of SAB were not affected by diet. Colonic xylanase activities of SAB were reduced (P = 0.046) by starch addition, but no change was seen in the cecum. All SAB glucoside hydrolase activi- ties in the cecum and colon, except β-d-xylosidase in the cecum, were decreased when starch intake was in- creased. The LAB CMCase (P = 0.049 in the colon) and xylanase (P = 0.021 in the cecum; P < 0.001 in the colon) activities decreased with starch intake. No effect of starch on LAB or SAB amylase activity was observed. Addition of SC improved SAB CMCase in the cecum (P = 0.019) and colon (P = 0.037) as well as β-d-cellobiosidase (P = 0.002) and β-d-glucosidase (P = 0.041) in the cecum. Only xylanase in the ce- cum (P = 0.015) and β-d-xylosidase in the cecum (P = 0.028) were improved with SC, whereas colonic LAB α-amylase activity was significantly decreased (P = 0.046). Most enzymes involved in plant cell wall diges- tion were increased after SC addition. This fact may contribute to explain a better digestion of fiber that has been previously reported in SC-supplemented horses.

  • Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, Gérard Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Four cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated horses were assigned in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed a high-fiber (HF) or a high-starch (HS) diet with or without 10 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC; CBS 493.94) containing 4.5 x 10(9) cfu/g. The HF and HS diets consisted of Pelleted Feeds and long wheat straw (18.0 and 3.5 g of DM.kg(-1) of BW.d(-1), respectively) given in 2 equal meals to provide an NDF: starch ratio of 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. After a 21-d adaptation period intestinal contents were collected 4 h after the morning meal on d 23 and 25 to determine bacterial and SC concentrations. Polysaccharidase activities (CMCase, xylanase, amylase) and activities of glycoside hydrolases (alpha-L-arabinosidase, beta-d-cellobiosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D-xylosidase) were determined in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from both compartments. Lactobacilli were increased in the cecum (P = 0.012) and colon (P = 0.086) when starch intake increased, whereas total anaerobes, cellulolytics, and streptococci did not change in either compartment. In yeast-supplemented horses, SC concentrations were greater in cecum (4.4 x 10(6) cfu/mL) than in right-ventral colon (5.6 x 10(4) cfu/mL) and did no change with diet. Concentrationsof lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers were greater (P = 0.099 and 0.067, respectively) in the cecum but remained similar in the colon of SC-supplemented horses. The CMCase activities of SAB were not affected by diet. Colonic xylanase activities of SAB were reduced (P = 0.046) by starch addition, but no change was seen in the cecum. All SAB glucoside hydrolase activities in the cecum and colon, except beta-D-xylosidase in the cecum, were decreased when starch intake was increased. The LAB CMCase (P = 0.049 in the colon) and xylanase (P = 0.021 in the cecum; P < 0.001 in the colon) activities decreased with starch intake. No effect of starch on LAB or SAB amylase activity was observed. Addition of SC improved SAB CMCase in the cecum (P = 0.019) and colon (P = 0.037) as well as beta-D-cellobiosidase (P = 0.002) and beta-D-glucosidase (P = 0.041) in the cecum. Only xylanase in the cecum (P = 0.015) and beta-D-xylosidase in the cecum (P = 0.028) were improved with SC, whereas colonic LAB alpha-amylase activity was significantly decreased (P = 0.046). Most enzymes involved in plant cell wall digestion were increased after SC addition. This fact may contribute to explain a better digestion of fiber that has been previously reported in SC-supplemented horses.

  • Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet
    Journal of Animal Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: J Pierre Jouany, Bertrand Medina, J. Gobert, Gaelle Bertin, Véronique Julliand
    Abstract:

    Eight crossbred male horses aged 12 ± 5 yr and with BW of 305 ± 18 kg were used in pairs in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4 ground and Pelleted diets. Each pair included a cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated animal and a cecal-fistulated animal. The 4 horse diets were a high-fiber diet (HF+0) based on dehydrated alfalfa, a high-starch diet based on barley and wheat bran (HS+0), and the HF or HS diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) CBS 493.94 (HF+SC and HS+SC). The probiotic preparation contained 4.5 x 109 cfu/g of live yeast mixed with the culture medium, and was top-dressed onto the feed pellets at a rate of 10 g/d, equally distributed between the 2 daily meals. All 4 diets were offered in the same quantities (18.0 g of Pelleted feed DM + 3.5 g of long wheat straw/kg of BW per d). Each of the 4 experimental treatments was divided into a 21-d period of diet adaptation followed by a 10-d period of total fecal collection for digesta flow rate and apparent digestibility measurements. Three markers were used to measure mean retention time (MRT) of the feed particles: Yb bound to the Pelleted Feeds for MRT in the whole digestive tract (MRTYb), Eu bound to the Pelleted Feeds, and Dy bound to the fecal particles for MRT in the hindgut (MRTEu and MRTDy). Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP were greater (P < 0.001) in the HS than HF diet, independently of SC supplementation, whereas ADF digestibility was greatest in the HF diet (P = 0.035). Cellulolytic activity estimated through the in vitro disappearance rate of the dietary ADF fraction (IVADADF) was less (P < 0.001) in the HS than the HF diet. There was no dietary effect on NDF digestibility due to the longer MRTEu of small particles in the hindgut (P = 0.036), which compensated for the lower fibrolytic activity expressed per unit of time in the HS compared with the HF diet. Supplementation with SC improved ADF digestibility (P = 0.038) and stimulated DM (P = 0.030) and NDF (P = 0.038) intakes, but had no effect on the MRT of solid digesta. The absence of any significant diet x SC interaction supports the strategy of using SC to stimulate cellulose digestion and improve the nutritional status of horses under both HF and HS diets.