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Da Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel Dechlorane Analogues and Possible Sources in Peregrine Falcon Eggs and Shark Livers from the Western North Atlantic Regions.
Environmental science & technology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaotu Liu, Xianming Zhang, Li Shen, Allison L. Brazeau, Douglas H. Adams, Hillary Marler, Bryan D. Watts, Da ChenAbstract:During the investigation of dechlorane-related chemicals in North American wildlife, two unknown polychlorinated compounds (referred to as U1 and U2) were discovered. After extensive sample cleanup, structural information on U1 and U2 was characterized by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) or GC-quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) MS. Mass spectral evidence suggests that both U1 and U2 are structurally related to Dechlorane 603 (Dec603; C17H8Cl12), an analogue of the chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane Plus. From the results we suspect U1 (C17H9Cl11) to be a monohydro analogue of Dec603 (i.e., one chlorine atom in Dec603 is replaced by a hydrogen atom). U1 may be formed via the degradation of Dec603's stereoisomers or present as an impurity in commercial Dec603 products. Mass spectral characterization of U2 (C17H7OCl11) suggests it is a carbonylic derivative of Dec603, likely formed via metabolic transformation of Dec603 or its photoisomer. Semiquantitative measurement revealed that U1 and U2 were present at estimated median concentrations of 49 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 59 ng/g lw in Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus) eggs, from the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 4.6 and 3.0 ng/g lw in shortfin mako shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus) livers from the western North Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of these two novel Dec603-related chemicals in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Novel Dechlorane Analogues and Possible Sources in Peregrine Falcon Eggs and Shark Livers from the Western North Atlantic Regions
2019Co-Authors: Xiaotu Liu, Xianming Zhang, Li Shen, Allison L. Brazeau, Douglas H. Adams, Hillary Marler, Bryan D. Watts, Da ChenAbstract:During the investigation of dechlorane-related chemicals in North American wildlife, two unknown polychlorinated compounds (referred to as U1 and U2) were discovered. After extensive sample cleanup, structural information on U1 and U2 was characterized by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) or GC-quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) MS. Mass spectral evidence suggests that both U1 and U2 are structurally related to Dechlorane 603 (Dec603; C17H8Cl12), an analogue of the chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane Plus. From the results we suspect U1 (C17H9Cl11) to be a monohydro analogue of Dec603 (i.e., one chlorine atom in Dec603 is replaced by a hydrogen atom). U1 may be formed via the degradation of Dec603’s stereoisomers or present as an impurity in commercial Dec603 products. Mass spectral characterization of U2 (C17H7OCl11) suggests it is a carbonylic derivative of Dec603, likely formed via metabolic transformation of Dec603 or its photoisomer. Semiquantitative measurement revealed that U1 and U2 were present at estimated median concentrations of 49 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 59 ng/g lw in Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs, from the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and 4.6 and 3.0 ng/g lw in shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) livers from the western North Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of these two novel Dec603-related chemicals in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
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spatiotemporal patterns and relationships among the diet biochemistry and exposure to flame retardants in an apex avian predator the Peregrine Falcon
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Kim J Fernie, Da Chen, Mehran Alaee, Louise Champoux, Dominique Chabot, Samantha Brimble, Sarah C Marteinson, Vince Palace, David M Bird, Robert J LetcherAbstract:Abstract Flame retardants (FR) are industrial chemicals and some are proven environmental contaminants that accumulate in predatory birds. Few studies have examined the influence of diet on FR profiles in nestling raptors and the possible physiological implications of such FR exposure. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine spatial patterns of ≤ 48 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and ≤ 26 non-PBDE FRs, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), in nestling Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) across the Canadian Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin (GL-SLR; 2010) and in the eastern Canadian Arctic (2007); (2) to identify temporal changes in FR concentrations from the mid-2000s to 2010 in GL-SLR Peregrine nestlings; (3) to investigate the role of diet using stable isotopes on exposure patterns of quantifiable FRs; and (4) to assess possible associations between circulating FRs and total (T) thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3), tocopherol, retinol and oxidative status (isoprostanes). The summed concentrations of the top 5 PBDEs (Σ5) (BDE-47, -99, -100, -154, -153) were significantly higher in rural nestlings than urban nestlings in the GL-SLR, followed by the eastern Arctic nestlings. The PBDE congener profile of rural nestlings was dominated by BDE-99 (34‰), whereas BDE-209 (31‰) became dominant in the 2010 urban PBDE profile marking a shift since the mid-2000s. Low (ppb) concentrations of 25 novel non-PBDE FRs (e.g., 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE)) were measured in the nestlings in at least one region, with the first report in Peregrines of 15 novel non-PBDE FRs (e.g., 2-ethyl-1-hyxyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), pentabromo allyl ether (PBPAE), tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (α-, β-DBE-DBCH)) as well as of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) (0–7.5 ng/g ww) > tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) (0.1–5.5 ng/g ww) > tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.02–2.0 ng/g ww) > tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) (0–1.0 ng/g ww). Within the GL-SLR, the urban nestlings’ diet had significantly more terrestrial sources (greater δ13C values) than the broader, more aquatic-based diet of rural Peregrines. Dietary source (δ13C) was significantly associated with concentrations of Σ5PBDE, BDE-209, EHTBB, and 2,2–4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), with trophic level (δ15N) also positively associated with BDE-209 levels. Compared to urban nestlings, the rural nestlings had significantly lower circulating concentrations of thyroxine (TT4), triiodothyronine (TT3), a greater proportion of TT3 relative to TT4 (TT3:TT4), tocopherol and oxidative status (isoprostanes), but higher retinol levels; the most recalcitrant PBDE congener, BDE-153, in combination with low concentrations of some novel FRs, particularly octabromotrimethylphenyllindane (OBIND), may influence circulating thyroid hormones, especially TT4, and retinol levels of Peregrine Falcon nestlings. These associations of FR-endocrine-biochemical measures suggest possible exposure-related changes in these birds and further study is warranted.
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs from the northeastern u s
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Da Chen, Mark J La Guardia, Ellen Harvey, Michael Amaral, Kathleen Wohlfort, Robert C HaleAbstract:A total of 114 Peregrine Falcon eggs from nests in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont were analyzed for polybrominanted diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Eggs were collected from 1996 to 2006, excluding 1997 and 1998. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 74.5 to 6610 ng/g wet weight, with a median of 440. These levels were generally higher than those observed in European Peregrine eggs, but comparable to those in North American seabird eggs. Congener patterns differed from such seabirds and were dominated by BDE-153, followed by BDE-99, -183, -209, -197, -207, -154, -100, and -196; with lesser contributions from BDE-47, -208, -203, -201, -206, -202, -138, and -119. Urban and rural Falcon eggs contained similar total PBDE concentrations but different congener profiles. Urban eggs exhibited higher BDE-209 concentrations and greater percentages of other highly brominated congeners. BDE-209 was detectable in all eggs, with concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 420 ng/g wet weight...
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs from the northeastern u s
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Da Chen, Mark J La Guardia, Ellen Harvey, Michael Amaral, Kathleen Wohlfort, Robert C HaleAbstract:A total of 114 Peregrine Falcon eggs from nests in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont were analyzed for polybrominanted diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Eggs were collected from 1996 to 2006, excluding 1997 and 1998. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 74.5 to 6610 ng/g wet weight, with a median of 440. These levels were generally higher than those observed in European Peregrine eggs, but comparable to those in North American seabird eggs. Congener patterns differed from such seabirds and were dominated by BDE-153, followed by BDE-99, -183, -209, -197, -207, -154, -100, and -196; with lesser contributions from BDE-47, -208, -203, -201, -206, -202, -138, and -119. Urban and rural Falcon eggs contained similar total PBDE concentrations but different congener profiles. Urban eggs exhibited higher BDE-209 concentrations and greater percentages of other highly brominated congeners. BDE-209 was detectable in all eggs, with concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 420 ng/g wet weight Five octa- and three nona-brominated congeners were also frequently detected, some likely derived from the biodegradation of BDE-209. Temporal analyses indicated no significant changes in concentrations of total PBDEs, or most individual congeners, during the study period. An exception was BDE-209. It exhibited a significant increase, with a doubling time of 5 years. Current PBDE burdens may be insufficient to cause noticeable adverse effects at the population level, as the number of territorial pairs increased in the past decade. However, the high BDE-209 concentrations, short doubling time, and likely biodegradation observed in Peregrine eggs from the northeastern U.S. may supportthe need for additional deca-BDE regulations.
Robert C Hale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in chesapeake bay region usa Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs urban rural trends
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Katherine E Potter, Bryan D. Watts, Mark J La Guardia, Ellen Harvey, Robert C HaleAbstract:A total of 23 Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs were obtained between 1993 and 2002 from 13 nests, encompassing 11 locations in the Chesapeake Bay region, USA. When multiple eggs were available from the same clutch, average clutch contaminant concentrations were calculated. An overall median total polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) level of 201 ng/g wet weight was determined for the eggs/clutches examined. The maximum in an individual egg, from an urban highway bridge site, was 354 ng/g. This egg also exhibited the highest BDE 209 burden (48.2 ng/g). Compared to distributions reported in fish and piscivorous birds, Falcon eggs were enriched in the more brominated congeners. The BDE congeners 153, 99, and 100 constituted 26.0, 24.8, and 13.1%, respectively, of total PBDEs. In most aquatic species, BDE 47 is the most abundant congener reported; however, it constituted only 4.4% of total PBDEs in the eggs of the present study. The median BDE 209 concentration was 6.3 ng/g. The sum of the octa- to nonabrominated congeners (BDEs 196, 197, 206, 207, and 208) contributed, on average, 14.0% of total PBDEs, exceeding the contribution of BDE 209 (5.9%). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1-dichloro- 2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4-DDE) also were determined in a subset of 16 eggs (collected in 2001-2002 from six nests) and were an order of magnitude greater than the corresponding PBDEs. Median BDE 209 concentrations were significantly correlated (p 0.01, Spearman R 0.690) with the human population density of the area surrounding the nest. Total PBDEs, total PCBs, and 4,4-DDE levels were not correlated to human population density. Keywords—Persistent organic pollutant Raptor Polybrominated biphenyl Polychlorinated biphenyl Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs from the northeastern u s
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Da Chen, Mark J La Guardia, Ellen Harvey, Michael Amaral, Kathleen Wohlfort, Robert C HaleAbstract:A total of 114 Peregrine Falcon eggs from nests in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont were analyzed for polybrominanted diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Eggs were collected from 1996 to 2006, excluding 1997 and 1998. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 74.5 to 6610 ng/g wet weight, with a median of 440. These levels were generally higher than those observed in European Peregrine eggs, but comparable to those in North American seabird eggs. Congener patterns differed from such seabirds and were dominated by BDE-153, followed by BDE-99, -183, -209, -197, -207, -154, -100, and -196; with lesser contributions from BDE-47, -208, -203, -201, -206, -202, -138, and -119. Urban and rural Falcon eggs contained similar total PBDE concentrations but different congener profiles. Urban eggs exhibited higher BDE-209 concentrations and greater percentages of other highly brominated congeners. BDE-209 was detectable in all eggs, with concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 420 ng/g wet weight...
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs from the northeastern u s
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Da Chen, Mark J La Guardia, Ellen Harvey, Michael Amaral, Kathleen Wohlfort, Robert C HaleAbstract:A total of 114 Peregrine Falcon eggs from nests in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont were analyzed for polybrominanted diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Eggs were collected from 1996 to 2006, excluding 1997 and 1998. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 74.5 to 6610 ng/g wet weight, with a median of 440. These levels were generally higher than those observed in European Peregrine eggs, but comparable to those in North American seabird eggs. Congener patterns differed from such seabirds and were dominated by BDE-153, followed by BDE-99, -183, -209, -197, -207, -154, -100, and -196; with lesser contributions from BDE-47, -208, -203, -201, -206, -202, -138, and -119. Urban and rural Falcon eggs contained similar total PBDE concentrations but different congener profiles. Urban eggs exhibited higher BDE-209 concentrations and greater percentages of other highly brominated congeners. BDE-209 was detectable in all eggs, with concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 420 ng/g wet weight Five octa- and three nona-brominated congeners were also frequently detected, some likely derived from the biodegradation of BDE-209. Temporal analyses indicated no significant changes in concentrations of total PBDEs, or most individual congeners, during the study period. An exception was BDE-209. It exhibited a significant increase, with a doubling time of 5 years. Current PBDE burdens may be insufficient to cause noticeable adverse effects at the population level, as the number of territorial pairs increased in the past decade. However, the high BDE-209 concentrations, short doubling time, and likely biodegradation observed in Peregrine eggs from the northeastern U.S. may supportthe need for additional deca-BDE regulations.
Gudrun Wibbelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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redescription of serratospiculum seurati bain mawson 1981 nematoda diplotriaenidae from Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus tunstall 1771
Parasitology Research, 2021Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Gudrun WibbeltAbstract:Air sac nematodes from birds are known for more than 200 years now and Filaria attenuata was the first described species from Falcons, owl and corvid birds. The superficial description and the loss of the original material made F. attenuata a species inquirenda. Seurat (1915) redescribed the species with material from lanner Falcon and pallid harrier from Algeria and based on this description Bain and Mawson, Rec S Aust Mus 18:265-28, (1981) created a new species, Serratospiculum seurati, by adding some, slightly divergent, measurements. The current paper is based on light and scanning electron microscopy of five male and 10 female S. seurati specimens from a Peregrine Falcon that acquired the infection in Pakistan. The length of the slender male and female nematodes varied between 42-70 and 165-221 mm, respectively, spicules of unequal shape and length measured 292-325 and 638-785 μm. S. seurati was also found in Saker, Barbary and crossbreed Falcons.
Peter Sorensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perfluoroalkyl substances pfass and polychlorinated naphthalenes pcns add to the chemical cocktail in Peregrine Falcon eggs
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Katrin Vorkamp, Knud Falk, Soren Moller, Rossana Bossi, Frank Riget, Peter SorensenAbstract:A suite of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were determined in 41 Peregrine Falcon eggs collected in South Greenland between 1986 and 2014. Median concentrations of perfluorinated sulfonic acids (ΣPFSA) and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (ΣPFCA) were 303 ng/g dry weight (dw) (58 ng/g wet weight, ww) and 100 ng/g dw (19 ng/g ww), respectively, which was comparable to other studies. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accounted for 94% on average of all PFSAs, but did not show a significant time trend. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS) showed non-linear decreases over the study period, while some long-chain PFCAs increased significantly. The PCN profile was dominated by the penta-, hexa- and tetrachlorinated congeners CN-52/60, CN-66/67 and CN-42. CN-54, an indicator of combustion, accounted for 2.4% of ΣPCN on average. All PCN congeners showed a decreasing tendency, which was significant for lipid-normalized concentrations of CN-53, CN-54 and CN-63. The ΣPCN median concentration was 21 ng/g lipid weight, which is in the high end of concentrations reported for bird eggs. The PCN and PFAS concentrations add to an already high contaminant burden and a complex chemical cocktail in the Peregrine Falcon population in Greenland, mainly reflecting contaminant exposure during migration and winter stays in Central and South America.
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levels and trends of toxaphene and chlordane related pesticides in Peregrine Falcon eggs from south greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Katrin Vorkamp, Knud Falk, Frank F Riget, Soren Moller, Marianne Thomsen, Peter SorensenAbstract:Peregrine Falcon eggs were collected in South Greenland between 1986 and 2003 and analysed for 6 congeners of toxaphene and 5 chlordane-related pesticides (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane). Oxychlordane had the highest median concentration of 1448 ng/g lipid weight (lw) or 79 ng/g wet weight (ww) of all compounds. Of the toxaphene congeners, CHB-50 was the predominant congener, with a median concentration of 215 ng/g lw (15.5 ng/g ww). Chlordane-related concentrations were comparable with results from the USA, but lower than those from Canada and Norway. Toxaphene was considerably higher than in eggs of Norwegian Peregrine Falcon eggs, possibly reflecting different toxaphene usage in the areas of Peregrine Falcon migration. Toxaphene information in birds of prey is limited and comparisons with other species indicate differences in concentrations and organochlorine pattern. Temporal trends showed significant log-linear decreases for cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane, but no significant trends for other chlordanes or the toxaphene congeners, probably affected by the large variation between eggs, also of the same bird. Correlations between chlordanes and toxaphene in the Greenland Peregrine Falcon eggs might suggest similar sources of exposure.
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persistent organochlorine compounds in Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus eggs from south greenland levels and temporal changes between 1986 and 2003
Environment International, 2009Co-Authors: Katrin Vorkamp, Knud Falk, Soren Moller, Marianne Thomsen, Peter SorensenAbstract:Thirty-seven addled Peregrine Falcon eggs collected in South Greenland between 1986 and 2003 were analysed for their content of the organochlorine compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl tricloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). PCBs and DDT (including metabolites) were by far the most abundant OC groups, with median concentrations of 55 and 40 microg/g lw, respectively. The concentrations were high in an Arctic context, but similar to previously reported levels from Alaska and Norway and slightly lower than concentrations measured in eggs from industrialised regions. Geographical differences may be of importance, considering the migration of Peregrine Falcons and their prey. SigmaHCH and HCB had median concentrations of 0.39 and 0.17 microg/g lw, respectively. On average, DDE accounted for 97% of SigmaDDT, but was below critical levels for eggshell thinning. All compound groups showed a weak decreasing trend over the study period, which was statistically significant for HCB and close to being significant for SigmaHCH. The weak decrease of SigmaPCB and SigmaDDT is different from other time trend studies from Greenland, usually showing a more pronounced decrease in the beginning of the study period, followed by a certain stabilisation in recent years.
Miguel D. Saggese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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avian prey remains at eyries of the austral Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus cassini in southern atlantic argentine patagonia during the breeding season
Journal of Raptor Research, 2019Co-Authors: Miguel D. Saggese, Isabel C. Caballero, David H Ellis, Catherine H Ellis, Ana Trejo, Wayne R Nelson, Agustin Quaglia, Maite B AmorosAbstract:The Austral Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus cassini) is widely distributed in Argentina, although studies on its diet are limited. Here we report information on the diet of this Falcon in southern Atlantic Patagonia, Argentina. During November and December in 2009 and 2010, we visited nest sites of Austral Peregrine Falcons to collect prey remains to investigate their diet during the breeding season. We identified 72 avian prey remains from seven eyries in 2009 and three eyries in 2010. We documented seven orders of nonpasserines (11 families representing at least 58 individuals [81% of total prey items]). For the order Passeriformes, seven families were represented by 14 individual birds (19% of total prey items). In all, we identified 52 prey remains (72% of total prey items) to the species level. Another 12 birds were identified only to genus and three only to family or subfamily. Body mass for avian prey identified to species (n = 51) ranged from 10.4 g (Troglodytes aedon) to 842 g (Mareca sibilatrix). Nonpasserines provided 96.2% of the estimated biomass of the prey. Although our sample size is limited, compared with previous reports conducted more than 30 yr ago or in recent years but limited to one pair, our observations for ten nests in 2 yr provide novel and current information on avian prey species of Austral Peregrine Falcons. Our study increased the number of prey species documented for these birds for a geographical region where diet information was almost nonexistent, and provided diet data for both the typical and pallid color morphs of this subspecies.
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Air Sac Nematode (Serratospiculum tendo) Infection in an Austral Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus cassini) in Argentina
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Jennifer Ibarra, Roberto Mera Y Sierra, Gisela Neira, Daniel E. J. Ibaceta, Miguel D. SaggeseAbstract:We report a case of air sac nematode ( Serratospiculum tendo) infection in an adult male Austral Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus cassini) admitted to a rehabilitation center in Mendoza Province, Argentina, in September 2017. This case of air sac nematodes reported in an Argentine raptor is only the second report of S. tendo in South America. We recommend examination of all raptors, especially those Falcon species that include insects in their diet and inhabit open lands and those in rehabilitation centers or kept for Falconry, education, or captive breeding. Fecal analysis and microscopic examination of oral swabs for evidence of parasites are simple noninvasive diagnostic procedures that allow easy detection of these parasites under field and captive circumstances.